www.kdz.or.at

E-Participation Ladder

Advancing from Unawareness to Impact Participation Bernhard Krabina, CeDEM 16

3 May 2023 · Seite 1

www.kdz.or.at

Mirko Tobias Schäfer

3. Mai 2023 · Seite 2

www.kdz.or.at

Implicit Participation Schäfer (2011) described "implicit participation" as

motivated by the design of an information system itself. In implicit participation, people are unaware that they are

actually participating, but they take action by following certain media practices: by simply using the systems they participate implicitly.

By clicking on certain elements on a website (e. g. a video), people interact with the system. They view/read an item, share it or tag it, thus interacting with the system without necessarily being aware of participating.

3. Mai 2023 · Seite 3

www.kdz.or.at

Analogy: The Knowledge Ladder (North, 2002)

Symbols

Data

Information

Knowledge(know what / why)

Action(know-how)

Competence

Competitiveness

+ syntax

+ bundled uniquely

+ right choice

+ application + motivation

+ relation to context, experience, expectation

+ meaning

Source: North/Kumta, Knowledge Management, 2014

Operative KM

Strategic KM

www.kdz.or.at

Related Work

Arnstein: "Ladder of Citizen Participation”, 1969

Connor: "New Ladder of Citizen Participation“, 1988

Pretty: “Typology of Participation”, 1995

Fung "Democracy Cube“, 2006

Ferro and Molinari/Forrester Research “The “new” Ladder of Participation“, 2010

3. Mai 2023 · Seite 5

www.kdz.or.at

Arnstein: "Ladder of Citizen Participation”, 1969 Connor: "New Ladder of Citizen Participation“, 1988Pretty: “Typology of Participation”, 1995

3. Mai 2023 · Seite 6

Important, but pre-Internet era

www.kdz.or.at

Fung "Democracy Cube“, 2006

3. Mai 2023 · Seite 7

Very holistic Not easily manageable

www.kdz.or.at

Ferro and MolinariForrester Research (2010) “New Participation Ladder”

3. Mai 2023 · Seite 8

User types Different engagement

possibilities

www.kdz.or.at

E-Participation Ladder?Goals

Main question: How to set forth sustainable participation with a genuine impact on how public services are delivered?

Generic enough for all kinds of participation projects Remain easy enough to use Include the concept of implicit participation Explain what is missing/needed to move

up/down the steps

3. Mai 2023 · Seite 9

www.kdz.or.at3. Mai 2023 · Seite 10

E-Participation Ladder

www.kdz.or.at

Unawareness

How can I deliver the information to the different target audiences?

What are the target audiences to be involved?

Where do they usually get their information?

11

unawareness + information

www.kdz.or.at12

Indifference

unawareness

indifference

+ information

+ caring + opinion/content

How can we find those among the informed who do care?

How can we make people care about the topic?

What additional information is needed for them to form their opinions and who can deliver it to them?

What content could they provide that is relevant to and important for our discussion or problem solving?

www.kdz.or.at13

Passive Participation

unawareness

indifference

passive participation

+ information

+ action

+ caring + opinion/content

How can people be motivated to take action?

What possibilities do they have to take action?

Is our service attractive and easy enough for them to use?

www.kdz.or.at14

Implicit Participation

unawareness

indifference

passive participation

implicit participation

+ information

+ awareness/ connection+ action

+ caring + opinion/content

How can we make people aware that participating is worth the effort?

How can we connect the possibilities they have with a participatory goal?

How can we design our systems to make use of implicit participation?

www.kdz.or.at15

Active Participation

unawareness

indifference

passive participation

implicit participation

active participation

+ information

+ dedicated interface+ awareness/ connection+ action

+ caring + opinion/content

How can we get people to use our dedicated interface?

What alternatives do they have?

How can we make our system easy to use for active participation?

www.kdz.or.at16

Intended Participation

unawareness

indifference

passive participation

implicit participation

active participation

intended participation

+ information

+ goal/agenda

+ dedicated interface+ awareness/ connection+ action

+ caring + opinion/content

How do we best communicate the goals of participation?

What timeframe will people be willing to spend in the process?

What timeframe do we need to get enough participation?

What phases do we need, what will happen when?

www.kdz.or.at17

Effective Participation

unawareness

indifference

passive participation

implicit participation

active participation

intended participation

effective participation

+ information

+implementation

+ goal/agenda

+ dedicated interface+ awareness/ connection+ action

+ caring + opinion/content

How can we make sure that the output is taken, used, put into action?

How can we communicate at the beginning what possible outcomes of the participation are?

How can we communicate what has been done and what has changed after the participation phase?

www.kdz.or.at18

Impact Participation

unawareness

indifference

passive participation

implicit participation

active participation

intended participation

effective participation

impact participation

+ information

+implementation

+ goal/agenda

+ dedicated interface+ awareness/ connection+ action

+ caring + opinion/content

How to set forth sustainable participation with a genuine impact on how public services are delivered?

www.kdz.or.at

Open Government Implementation Model: Feedback Mechanism

3. Mai 2023 · Seite 19

https://www.digitaleagenda.wien/idea/328658/8603

www.kdz.or.at

Contact

4. Oktober 2012 · Seite 20

http://www.kdz.eu/en/open-government-implementation-model

Bernhard Krabina krabina@kdz.or.at www.kdz.or.at @krabina