The dynamics of South Asia Regional Cooperation and SAARC edited by Eric Gonsalves and Nancy Jetly...

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perception of a need for achieving more sustainable development. Hall clari®es what sustainable development must mean in an Amazonian context, arguing that it must embrace use of natural resources to generate adequate livelihoods and promote economic growth whilst simultaneously conserving natural resources. He also stresses that the process of conservation and development must involve resource-user groups and wider society. Following an Introduction by Hall the book is divided into two sections, the ®rst exploring `Development as Extractivism'; the second entitled `Towards Sustainability'. The ®rst section consists of ®ve chapters. Fearnside reviews the nature, causes and impacts of deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia exploring what the international community could do to improve things). Veening and Groenendijk examine the threat posed by commercial forestry in the Guianas, and ways in which biodiversity conservation may be better supported. Lovejoy reports on long-term experiments near Manaus Brazil) to assess the impacts of forest fragmentation, which may indicate how to improve future and current conservation. This is essentially a study of the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystem Project, also known as The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, started in 1979. Cleary discusses the environmental and social impacts of informal sector gold mining garimpeiro bands), while Kimerling examines large-scale oil and gas exploration and exploitation in Ecuador and Peru. The second section has six chapters. Hall discusses a shift that appears to be taking place from `protectionism' to `productive conservation'. Mahar outlines the process of land-use zoning in Rondo Ãnia Brazil) and the lessons learned concentrating on the World Bank-funded PLANAFLORO Project). Moran and others look at forest restoration in ®ve regions of Brazilian Amazonia. Smith examines agroforestry in the context of the non-destructive use of forest by settlers. McGrath reports on `grass-roots' defence of local livelihoods and the natural resources on which these depend. The focus is on inland ®shing communities along the Amazon and its tributaries. Posey focuses on biodiversity conservation and the rights of Amerindians on whose land the genetic material is often located. Dreifuss assesses the Brazilian State's view of Amazonia, focusing on political and strategic dimensions. Amazonia at the Crossroads is a collection of papers in the main by those best quali®ed to comment on the region. It has a good 24 page Bibliography and a number of black and white photographs and line-illustrations. Unfortunately, some of the maps and line drawings are a little too small to be easily legible, and it would have been of help to the general reader if a general map of Amazonia with state names and major features had been included near the front. I would have liked to have had more on the development of Amazonia's wetlands and ¯oodlands, and perhaps some up to date coverage of road communications and their impacts. Apart from these criticisms and some non-SI units in chapter 1, there is little to criticize in what should be a most valuable reference to those interested in: Amazonian development, the development of the humid tropics, deforestation and reforestation, natural resources exploitation and management, sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development, conservation, local and indigenous peoples. There is much here for both natural scientists and social scientists, specialist and more general reader. I strongly recommend this thought-provoking book which also offers some guarded optimism on Amazonian development. CHRIS BARROW School of Social Sciences and International Development University of Wales Swansea, UK DOI: 10.1002/jid.766 REFERENCES Goodman D, Hall A. 1990. The Future of Amazonia: destruction or sustainable development? Macmillan, London. Faminow MD. 1998. Cattle, Deforestation and Development in the Amazon: and economic and environmental perspective. CAB International, Wallingford UK). Smith NJ, Serro EAS, Alvim PT, Falesi IC. 1995. Amazonia: resiliency and dynamism of the land and people. UN University Press, Tokyo. Book Reviews 129 Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. J. Int. Dev. 13, 127±134 2001)

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