The French and Indian War pgs. 140-145 Who won the French & Indian War?
The Duel for North America: The French and Indian War.
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Transcript of The Duel for North America: The French and Indian War.
The Duel for North America:
The French and Indian War
France was late in acquiring new land because of foreign wars and
domestic problems with the Huguenots (French Protestants).
Finally, a colony led by Samuel de Champlain was established at Quebec, overlooking the St.
Lawrence Seaway.
Champlain befriended the Huron Indians, helping them defeat other Indian nations,
including the Iroquois. The Iroquois would
always remember this and fight against the
French.
France did not allow Huguenots to move to the new colony, so it
grew slowly. Fur trappers and traders,
called voyageurs, dominated the
economy.
Problems between Indians & French
•Addiction to alcohol
•Beavers often had religious significance to Indians
•Many dead from European diseases
•Anger and envy between Indian tribes
Some French, the Jesuits, attempted to
convert the Indians to Catholicism and save
them from the trappers. They served an important role as
explorers and geographers.
The goal of the French was to control the resource rich Ohio Valley, but the British colonists had already begun to move there. To strengthen their claims, the French founded Fort Detroit. They also established forts at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes.
King William’s War and Queen Anne’s War
This was the 1st European war to involve the American colonies. The French, Spanish, and Indians all fought against the British colonists. The British didn’t think the colonies were worth sending regular troops to defend. The colonists were mad.
Stupid England. Without us they wouldn’t have the Cartoon Network!
In Europe, England won. So the colonists were able to regain the land lost in the war. The treaty was called the Treaty of Utrecht. But the colonists still didn’t like the French, Spanish, or their Indian allies.
Stupid French!
A new war began when a Spanish ship captain cut off the ear of an English captain named Jenkins.
This and a few insults aroused the British and colonial ire. Confined to
the South and Caribbean Sea, the War of Jenkins Ear eventually
merged with the Eurpoean King George’s War.
The French allied with the Spanish. James Oglethorpe and the Georgians fought Spain to a
standstill, and drunken New Englanders captured the
impregnable French fort of Louisbourg, overlooking the St.
Lawrence Seaway.
This could prove to be disastrous for the French.
Their access to the interior of the continent was now
threatened. But the Treaty of Utrecht gave it back to the
French!! The colonists were outraged and felt betrayed.
The governor of Virginia sent
George Washington, a
surveyor, to secure land in Pennsylvania
with 150 Virginia militia.
Washington encountered a band of French soldiers, fired on them, and
the French ran! But they came back with friends…lots of friends!
Washington quickly built Fort Necessity, but it fell after a 10
hour siege. Washington and his men were allowed to return home.
Thus began the Seven Years War, known as the French and Indian War here in America. It escalated into a global conflict, fought across the world.
Causes of the War: Ongoing Rivalry-Britain and France Colonial Rivalry Control of the Ohio River Valley War of Jenkins Ear King George’s War Queen Anne and King William’s War Money-Mercantilism
After initial losses, the English colonists get organized.
General Braddock led the colonists into a disastrous loss against the French and was killed. (Good!)
Washington was in charge of protecting the frontier against
Indians.
The most spectacular of these was Braddock’s Defeat 9th July 1755 in
western Pennsylvania.
[Image source: http://www.canadianheritage.com/reproductions/10136.htm]
Among the colonists who survived were wagon driver Daniel Boone.
[Image source: http://virtualmuseumofhistory.com/danielboone/]
General Braddock’s 21 year-old aide
George Washington
organized the British retreat.
[Image source: http://www.fortedwards.org/gwpage.htm]
William Pitt was appointed as the
new military leader. He took Louisbourg then took Quebec. By the time he was done, there were no French left on the
continent!!
Why the British win the F&I War:
1. Frederick the Great of Prussia (Germany) kicks the poop out of the French in Europe. 2. British control of the St. Lawrence River. 3. William Pitt (British) gets increased $ to pay for the war.
In all the
fighting Spain loses
Florida to us.
Why colonist got mad at the Brits… 1. The Americans were seen as dirty, cowardly, and contemptible. 2. The Americans didn’t have full citizenship. 3. The English did not recognize militia ranks, like Col. Washington.
Why do the Americans feel less British and more American? 1. The Great Awakening-1st spontaneous movement in America. 2. F&I War-WE won it on our own. 3. The British look down on the colonies. (poor relations) 4. The Proclamation of 1763-no one can settle in the Ohio Valley.
Con’t.
5. Local elections- militia, judges, legislatures
6. British navy “impresses” sailors with Press Gangs
7. No representation (Dom.of NE)
8.Admiralty Courts- no local control