BPRM

Abdi Abdullahi and many other refugees finally have a reason to smile. He has been living in the

world’s biggest refugee camp for over two decades. Having completed his secondary education, he and thousands of refugee youths in Dadaab now have a reason to celebrate and hope for a brighter future as Kenyatta University launched a campus in Dadaab. Dadaab campus will receive its first students in January 2013, and is inviting members of

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY LAUNCHED IN DADAAB

the host community as well as refugees. The university’s objective is to empower refugees through tertiary education. It offers diploma, undergraduate and master’s programs in academic fields such as Finance, Marketing, Project Management, education, Public Administration, Community Mobilization, Peace and Conflict Studies and many others. This appears is the first university campus being set up for the benefit of a refugee community,

REFUGEETHE Does the world know about Dadaab?

The Refugee Newsletter gives a voice to refugee stories to empower and inform the community.

The Refugee Newsletter has been written and published by refugee youth under FilmAid’s Participatory Video Project in Dadaab Refugee Camps

The news of the successful liberation of Somalia by a combined force of the AMISOM

and the Kenya Defense Forces was received with joy and tribulation in Dadaab refugee camps. Families in the camps sat to listen to news from both local and international news stations as word quickly spread around of the developments in Somalia.Somalia, also known as the horn of Africa has a population of around 10 million people, and has been without central and effective government since the dictatorial government of Ex-president Siad Bare was over thrown by combined forces of clan militias in 1991 sending the country into civil war. Numerous efforts have since been made by different countries and regional organizations to restore peace and stability in Somalia but all has been in vain until the recent entrance of the Kenya Defense Forces led mission into Somali in the fight against the alshabab. Fortunately the previous transitional federal government of President

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HOPE IN DADAAB AS SOMALI ELECTS NEW PRESIDENT

SPECIAL FEATUREGIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN DADAAB REFUGEE CAMPS

(Page 3...)

ISSUE No. 7

BY TARAH

A gift of theUS Government

The Refugee Newsletter is supported by

BY ABDI MOHAMUD IBRAHIM

The views expressed in this newsletter does NOT reflect that of FilmAid, UNHCR, or BPRM.

Girl Child Education is improving in Dadaab camps due to the

sensitization by different agencies that are operating in the camp. Dadaab, being the largest refugee camp in the world hosting nearly half a million refugees where majority of them are Somalis who had pastoralist’s background where education for girls is was non-existent due to the culture and social barriers, Initially it was very hard to bring many girls into the existing schools.Windle Trust Kenya is one of the agencies that are committed to empowerment of girl child education of which has uplifted the standard and performance of the girls, they established catch up classes across the three camps in Dadaab.The classes run during the weekends and on school holidays, this catch up classes is specifically meant for the standard eight girls in all the eight primary schools across the three settlements of Dadaab in ifo camp as well as Hagadera and Dagahaley so that it boasts their performance in KCPE (Kenya certificate of

primary education).Currently as we are in the third term of the year classes have resumed in ifo refugee camp and Windle Trust Kenya has recruited five trained teachers who are coaching girls in standard eight classes in order to improve their performance in the upcoming examinations.Supplementary and remedial classes for identified girls in this category are tough lessons at Halane Primary School on weekends and school holidays. The girls are taught five important subjects i.e. English, science, mathematics, Kiswahili and social studies.Adow, one of the GCE instructors had this to say about mobilization”intense mobilization is done at community level in order to enhance proper information dissemination to the girls as well as to the parents on the importance of the remedial classes and on the rights of the girls to access free and compulsory primary education, despite these efforts attendance of this classes is still low compared to the actual number of girls registered for KCPE this year”

Windle trust Kenya in order to enhance girls participation in this remedial classes provide solar lamps to assist girls to read at night time, revision books, uniform and other stationeries and it also provide bicycles to the instructors in order to assist them move easily from one point to another when they are doing mobilization and reporting to work since IFO is a big camp Girl child education has started well in the camps and the community has appreciated Windle Trust’s efforts to assist the girls to get opportunity to remedial classes, this is what Mama Fatuma ,IFO camp chairlady had to say about the program ”Our girls have been ignored for so long and deprived of opportunities to education, what WTK is doing is a great work and I am sure will contribute to the production of young and emerging leaders who will champion society changes towards development and emancipation of their fellow women”

GIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN DADAAB REFUGEE CAMPS

Our girls have been ignored for so long and deprived of opportunities to education emancipation of their fellow women.

Hagadera Secondary is known to be the best and leading school in academics, discipline and

hygiene in the heart of the refugee camps. This years candidates started their preparations for the exams early enough.Three weeks ago, the mock exams results were released and once again they did their teachers, parents and the community proud with the highest score being an award mean grade of A-(minus) and a B+(plus) from the best girl. This saw the top students receive various motivational gifts from the school. Owing to the present mock examination results, 2012 KCSE candidates in Hagadera Secondary School are confident of producing the top candidates in the region this year.Four years in the semi arid schools, these students have had a tough academic journey and faced difficult challenges majority who are the Somali refugees. The number of girls sitting for this year’s examination has increased as more and more families realizing the importance of girl child education. What amazes many is the high hopes and determination for success that is visible in the eyes of both the candidates and their teachers even terming their school as the “North Eastern Alliance (Alliance High School in Nairobi)” and hoping to become “Maranda” (Last year’s best performing school in the country) in the final examinations. “We want to maintain the name of Hagadera Secondary as the top school in the camps” said one of this years candidate.The national exams have already started and Hagadera Secondary in their final preparations to harvest the fruits of academic seeds planted four years ago. We wish them success.

Muno Said RobleA member of Writers Club- Hagadera Secondary.

KCSE 2012 IN HAGADERA

PHOTO: More girls now enrolled in High Schools

MY STORY A VOICE ON GIRL CHILD EDUCATION

Operations in Dadaab Refugee Camp continue to witness

a myriad of activities all coordinated to reach out to the vast Refugee population that currently stands at 468,770. This is according to the Situational report released in the month of October. That further indicates the specific camps population as; Hagadera with a population of 39,597, Dagahaley 123,369, IFO 113,619, IFO II 76,090 and Kambioos16,095.

The verification exercise that had started earlier on continued smoothly however the actual figures are expected to adjust downwards or upwards when the Government resumes full registration, which has been halted for a while. Never the less, it is expected that there might be an opportunity for another registration for the new arrivals that have not yet been registered. A total of 102,910 individuals have been verified in IFO and IFO II. The exercise is on- going.

The other major operation that took place during the month of October was the Joint Assessment mission (JAM). This is a high-level UNHCR-WFP joint assessment carried out to support multi-year planning of activities related to food assistance, nutrition, livelihood and other assistance needs. This year’s JAM was a week- long field-based assessment with participation of UN agencies, NGOs and donors. The 2012 JAM made a number of observations particular to registration, livelihoods, self-sufficiency and alternative means of delivering assistance. The last JAM was held in 2010. On that same breath a review of 2013 partner arrangement was conducted to strengthen priority thematic areas and review performance of implementation of UNHCR funded activities. The review involved all UNHCR units.

There has been a lot of development within the key thematic areas during the month. As far as protection is concerned there have been fatal shootouts that are

attributed to various clans trying to settle business scores.40 individuals were arrested and charged with the crime of residing outside the refugee camp .The Alinjugur protection team is in the process of finalizing an inter agency livelihoods framework to guide 2013 livelihoods activities.

The have been concerted efforts by the Government to enhance protection by ensuring enhanced access to birth certificates. The District Civil Registrar visited Dadaab and Alinjugur where his team issued a total of 3,199 birth certificates and registered 786 home deliveries. As we finish up on protection briefs, the IOM, is in the final processes of relocating about 500 refugees to Kakuma for resettlement interviews.On to health matters, there has been an on-going cholera outbreak in the host villages located at the Kenya-Somali border. According to the Ministry of health, gaps in sanitation and water supply have contributed. Hepatitis E is on a downward trend in

DADAAB AT A GLANCEDadaab. IFO 2 continues to report the highest incidents and this is partly due to a better reporting system. 27 maternal deaths have been reported in Dadaab camps this year.Kambioos is still a camp with nothing but tent shelters. With the arrival of the rainy season and the dilapidated state of many shelters, there will be a need for more shelter resources in Kambioos. Most refugees are now using garbage and other materials to protect themselves as the life span of their tents expired several months ago. There have been no shelter replacement activities since 30 June due to lack of tents and the absence of a dedicated shelter partner. 2000 plastic tarpaulins have been released to address the most critical gaps until other solutions can be found. Out of the target of 2,000 latrines in Kambioos, some 1749 have been completed.The Nutrition Working Group is reviewing the preliminary results of a major nutrition survey carried out across all camps. For the first time in Dadaab, the survey was carried out by refugee and locals trained in data collection by using smart phones and Android technology.More updates and briefs by the UNHCR will be available in the next issue.

The Editorial INSIDE

Welcome to our first edition of the Refugee Newsletter this year. This is a monthly newsletter

that seeks to bring readers up and close with the challenges, happenings and experiences of refugees living in the world’s biggest refugee camp as well as updates and latest developments and operations of various agencies. The Dadaab Refugee Camp is divided into two sub offices the Dadaab sub office which constitutes Dagahaley, IFO and IFO 2 refugee camps and Alinjugur sub office which constitutes Hagadera and Kambioos refugee camps.In this first edition of the Refugee Newsletter, we bring you stories of different yet outstanding refugees who have gone an extra mile to overcome their challenges and other issues affecting refugees within the camps. We share with you the latest trends on girl child education where we are witnessing more girls joining high schools. We also bring you highlights of the world mental health day celebrations that were held in Dagahaley. We also share with you an inspirational story of a young man living with disability who seeks to empower himself so as to find a way of giving back

to the refugee community.FilmAid conducted a photo exhibition and in this edition we share with you, in our photos of the month page, beautiful photographs taken by refugees. These are refugees who are currently being trained in journalism while others have already been trained in photography under the FilmAid’s Participatory Video ProgramWe bring you a column on news and updates from the UNHCR on protection concerns within the camps. For the first time, we have included a children’s corner where kids find stories and tales as well as recreational fun games. We welcome your articles for next month’s publication on issues on Education in Dadaab, your opinion, sports, letters, features and even the refugee of the month. Feel free to send us photographs that have messages to pass and that depict the real life and experiences in the camps.These and many more form this very informative and interesting read that we have prepared for you in this edition. We value your feedback and comments. Enjoy your reading

From the Editor

Email: therefugee.news@yahoo.comor visit FilmAid Offices near you

The Refugee NewsletterIssue no. 7

November, 2012

PEOPLE LIVING WITH DISABILITYRead the story of Ibrahim Saman, a refugee living with disability in HAG

GLOBAL HANDWASHING DAYGet facts and tips on how to wash hands

AGENCY NEWSPhoto exhibition in Dagahaley

THE ROAD TO A THIRD COUNTRYA quick read on challenges faced by refugees

A VOICE IN THE DESSERTRead about Dadaab FM

KIDS CORNERA special corner for kids and game

These and so much more... Enjoy!

By Ebla Abdullahi Aden

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that between

2.3 and 3.3 million of the world’s forcibly displaced people live with disabilities, one third of them children . Living as a refugee is not one of the easiest things. While policies and laws have been formulated to protect the rights of people living with disability, a lot is still left to be desired as far as protection for refugees living with disabilities.The situation only gets tougher for Refugees living with disability as they are expected to adapt in their new environment, which already has its own fair share of challenges. While some are born like that, there is a majority who are disabled as a result of the civil wars. These experiences are traumatic and listening to some of the stories, one can only imagine how they cope! Refugees living with disabilities have a myriad of special challenges that they face:

They lack privacy in accessing latrines and the bathroom. In the story of one refugee with disability he talks about how they were exited when a certain agency brought latrines for them, only for the latrines to be stolen one night. He is forced to dig up soil and cover up!! PLWD face a lot of discrimination, children are particularly affected with the discrimination. One boy said he could no longer continue his studies as other children would laugh at his disability in school.

REFUGEES LIVING WITH DISABILITY

I feel very sad as I think about how I can get to learn, how I can live in this community.

IBRAHIM ALI SAMAN’S STORY

MY STORY THE STORY OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH DISABILITIES

Distance to food distribution/service delivery points-For some refugees they have to go long distances to get their ration. Some services providers are also located in far places making their accessibility to these services also challenging. This already excluded them in accessing services they are rightfully entitled to, just as any other refugee.

Cases of mental disability are even worse as some of the victims and families of PLWD are discriminated against. I talked

to one lady who said she has to lock up her mum in the house for two reasons to avoid embarrassment and secondly, so she can also get time to go look for help as well as do other things for herself as she is still a young girl.

Caring for people with disability is a challenge that requires dedication, perseverance. On the other hand some PLWD are also expected to care for their family members as well. This puts on additional pressure on the already fragile situation. I had a very moving story of a client with disability, who lost his wife. He has been left to raise 4 children, one of who is a toddler. The man does not work and depended greatly on the wife.

This is just a synopsis of what refugees with disability go through and more, not forgetting their families who sometimes feel inadequate to provide care and support. The psychological distress associated with this situation is evident in the tear filled eyes of relatives who care for them and who also go out to see if something can be done. The situation becomes more hopeless when these clients receive disheartening news that nothing much can be done to assist them.

Agencies have taken up the challenge in ensuring that refugees living with disability are accorded adequate support. However, a lot still needs to be done

regarding protection for refugees with disability and a lot can be done regarding programming so as to ensure whatever services and agency gives the needs of refugees living with disability are factored in. If it means having special facilities for PLWD including schools, whatever we need to do if only to ensure the refugees living with disability live as dignified a life as can be in the camps.

Some of the experiences PLWD go through are dehumanizing. And article 17 of the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disability talks about protecting the integrity of the person . Every person with disabilities has a right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity on an equal basis with others.

Kenya as UN state party signed and ratified the Convention in March 2007 and May 2008 respectively. We therefore have an obligation to see to it that we do our best to ensure the rights of PLWD, within our scope of work, are protected.

Following is a short story about an 18 year old boy called Ibrahim Ali Saman who despite the challenges he faces everyday as a refugee living with disability, he is still hopeful and he desires to make an impact in other people’s lives someday. The resilience and endurance that Refugees living with disability demonstrate is astounding.

I was born with the disability. We used to live under a tree in the bush. I came from a

very poor family. I lived with my grandmother in one house, since I was disabled, while the rest of my family lived in a different house. We were pastoralist and moved from one place to another with the livestock. As we moved they would put me on top of a camel.Since I could not take care of the animals, my father arranged for me to join my uncle in Kenya, where he hoped I would get help from agencies as well as live with other people in the community.I was transported in a vehicle while my family remained in Somalia. I came to Kenya in 2010 and joined my uncle and his family. UNHCR gave me a

piece of land where they helped me put up a tent near my uncle’s compound.The family ensures I get food. However, when the children go to school, I am left by myself to fetch water and wash my clothes. The other challenge is lack of a toilet. We do not have a toilet in our compound and the toilets that had been provided for by an agency were stolen in the night.I like to read and to learn new things. I had a chance to start school from class 1, but by the time I reached class 2, the harassment by my fellow pupils was too much I decided to drop out of school. The pupils would laugh at me, play with my bicycle and call me ‘gery’ meaning a disabled person.I feel very sad as I think about how I can get to learn, how I can

live in this community.Despite all this am still grateful that I was provided for with a bicycle to aid my movement. Before, I never used to move at all. Now it is easier to access agencies and ask for help. Every day, I move around, asking and watching out for any assistance being provided for people with disability.One time I had gone to seek assistance and people were pushing each other, I got down from bicycle and saw it get broken down. It was replaced.Since there is nothing much for me to do, all I want to do is learn. I want to learn English, Kiswahili and Mathematics. I hope to pass this knowledge and assist other people as well”.

3.3m the world’s forcibly displaced people live with disabilities

Sheikh Sharif Ahmed and Prime Minister Dr.Abdiweli Gaas with the help of the international community worked on a road map to peace and a strong central government. President Sheikh Sharif also appointed technical committee to draft a new constitution which was ratified by clan elders. As part of the transition to a strong government, clan elders selected 275 members of Somali members of parliament to elect the first Somali president who will not be a transitional president.The most conspicuous achievement of the Somali government was the election of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud in Mogadishu on 10th September 2012; this was the first election of a Somali government that was conducted in Somalia after decadesThe second achievement of the Somali Government is the liberation of Alshabaab controlled towns with the support of AMISOM throughout the country including the port city of Kismayu ,Merca, Brawe, Baidoa , Bletweyn and a number of other towns in South and central Somalia.In all the liberated regions citizens have enjoyed relative peace and provision of basic services like medical, food and education, besides a good

number of the refugees in Dadaab camps originate or fled from this liberated regions.This liberation has also brought change in the Dadaab Refugee Camps as many of the refugees celebrated this liberation. With this, calmness has returned to the camps as no much incidents of insecurity has been reported in the past few weeks.The Somali refugees in Dadaab are keen on the political situation and gains being made in Somalia. Most have welcomed the new Somali president and are looking forward to the progress and gains being made through good government; they are also ready to contribute to the development of the country, particularly the youth who were educated in Kenya are ready to go back to their beloved nation and serve in their government and humanitarian Agencies, Speaking to the refugee newsletter, Dahir Ali Gedi, youth vice chairman in IFO” we have the man power needed to rebuild Somalia, I would like to urge the Somali Government and Aid agencies to consider the youth in Dadaab camps for employments, I am sure they are capable”We are tired of life in the camps and we are longing for the day when we will go back to our country and enjoy the comfort of our soil, there are also many young children and youth who are born in the camps or who came to the camps when they were young

and who do not have a picture of a peaceful Somalia who are also eager to see their country in total peace, however they are a number of refugees who are unsure of the capabilities of the government to provide basic services like water, education, health and security, therefore claiming that this is not the appropriate time to go back said Fatuma Hussein , a mother of eight living in IFO campOf late UNHCR and the Government of Kenya held a meeting with Somali community leaders in Dadaab and informed that there is opportunity to get travel documents for people who wanted to go to Somalia particularly areas they

The Refugee NewsletterIssue no. 7

November, 2012

fled from and assess the situation there in order to think about voluntary repatriation, UNHCR and the Government of Kenya further confirmed that field offices will be opened at the camp level to facilitate this processDepending on improvement of security situation in Somalia, there is possibility that more refugees might opt for voluntary repatriation but this is still await and see situation and will depend on a couple of other factors which includes availability of basic services in their home areas and initial start up funds to be given to the returnees by the agencies

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

By Sahal Ali

By Sahal Ali

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1

Related story on page 4

PHOTO: The newly elected Somali President, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

MY STORY THE CHALLENGES WE FACE

Since 1992 when the gate of Dadaab refugee camp was opened, refugees from

different countries stepped in, to get protection and survival since there was no peace in their homeland. The refugees were received and welcomed by the Kenyan Government and United Nation High Commission For Refugees (UNHCR) to settle across the three camps (IFO, DAGAHLEY and HAGADERA)..I was on the back of my late mother when we crossed the boarder between Kenya and Liboi where at that time UNHCR was receiving the refugees from the civil war torn Somalia where thousands of Somalis were killed, raped, tortured and the subject of the daylight shootings. After we were registered under the mandate of UNHCR we were relocated to Dadaab Camps

ROAD TO A THIRD COUNTRY.

and we were given a piece of land, a tent and enough none food items, and a token to collect food from a distribution centre and access to education for those who had reached the school going age. These opportunities were given to every refugee.After years of staying in the camps, we were given a chance to go to a third country through interviews and acceptance from other countries. This was everyone’s dream and hope as more refugees each year were resettled in America, Canada, UK, Sweden and many more countries with the help of UNHCR and the Government of Kenya.Health, education and, food of high standards are given to refugees while peace, sustainability, and development is accessed by everyone. Life in the camps has good reflection and bad reflection but the good have outweighed the bad. If

you go around the residential areas you will notice how the communities from the different countries mainstream and love themselves. Indeed Dadaab is “The city of all races” where people of different culture, countries, background, and religion live. From the end of the year 2011 security in Dadaab deteriorated hence the service providers (humanitarian organizations) became targets and for sometime it seemed like they could not continue with their operations, however they managed to reach the vulnerable refugees at whatever cost. All these happened when draught hit the horn of Africa and sent a high number of people to their early graves and more new arrivals crossed the border and into Dadaab Refugee Camps, Kenya. The growing number of refugees called for immediate action from UNHCR and a meeting was called and with

the help of community leaders and others, resettlement to Kakuma was agreed upon.The day of relocation to Kakuma came on 2nd of November 2012 Families were seen caring bags dragging children to force them move faster to the camp transit where the bus will pick them up. I visited the transit centre to witness what is happening and how families were eager to go to Kakuma. It was an emotional moments as families were separated and friends had to part ways with those who were to remain in Dadaab. Taxis and donkeys were seen to offloading cargo and passengers as hired buses awaited their flagging off. For many, this brought with it a breath of new life.

Te better part of last week was a pomp and pimp for secondary schools in Dadaab refugee camps. Most schools especially

in Hagadera saw their form fours hold farewell parties. For the parties in the two schools, Waberi and Hagadera, which I attended, the food colourings amazed me. I mean, I have never seen pink and green chips (thin fried slice of a potato).I loved it!But all said and done, this was a clear indication

that the time is up for our candidates. They have come to the finishing line. What is remaining is to inject that last marathoner power and finish in style. It is your turn to shine. Remember - no amount of excuse can justify your failure.We all recognize and appreciate the myriad challenges you have faced. From when you joined form one studying under a tree to now in well built classrooms. Your parents/guardians have worked hard to see you through. Your teachers have endured through hard times to ensure that the syllabus is

through. You have been given the tools; you should decide which job to do.As you sharpen your skills for this last moment, be brave. It is not how you start that matters, it’s how you finish. Just take these few days to concentrate and improve on areas in the subjects you are weak. I leave you with this quote:’’Though no one can go back and make a brand new start, anyone can start from now and make a brand new ending.” ~ Carl Bard

THE START OF THE END-LEAVERS’ PARTIES HELD

FACT BOX

516,526 the total number of registered Somali individuals

155,039 the number of registered house-holds

433,643 number of individuals in Dadaab

2,414 the number of households registered in 2012

Facts from UNHCR website

UNIVERSITY TO OFFER COURSES IN DADAAB DAGAHALEY

PHOTO EXHIBITION HELD

worldwide.Speaking during the ceremony which was attended by hundreds of refugees and area leaders, Dominic Bartsch termed the move as a win-win situation for Kenya and the refugee community. He pointed out that a University degree will allow refugees to make a contribution to Kenyan society by offering their skills. Once refugees were ready to return to their country, they would be able to use their training and professional experience to support the reconstruction and rehabilitation back home.

Mohamed Abdi Omar, a father of three who works as a teacher, hopes to be

The Refugee NewsletterIssue no. 7

November, 2012

AGENCY NEWS

Refugees living in Dagahaley and FilmAid International held a photo exhibition at the save the Children

compound in Dagahaley. The event which was attended by hundreds of refugees set to showcase refugee talents in photography under the Participatory Video Project. The participants captured life as it is in the camps through photography as pictures that fell in different categories were displayed. The event, which lasted for the better part of the morning, also saw the launch of FilmAid’s day time screening state-of-the-art van as another step to reach many people with information in order to change lives.

among them. “I want to join to Kenyatta University and study languages. I’m going to register, “he reiteratesAccording to him, some refugees are currently trying to pursue their studies through correspondence courses with Nairobi-based universities, and some vocational training which are also available, but many refugees want ‘education on their doorstep’. “We had more than 5,000 school leavers last year and they don’t have anywhere to go for further education,” he said.

Kenyatta University is a well-established institution of higher learning in

Hygiene is an essential part of life in which everybody has to play a role in. It is a worldwide responsibility that every person has to take a lions share comfortable life which otherwise could be ruined.Hygiene involves not only eating good food and neatness but also all the activities that a person engages in his or her day to day activities form the things we eat, how we eat, the environment around us and how we handle foodstuffs.To enhance hygiene in the camps, there are organizations that offer

awareness to promote hygiene. In October 15th this year, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) hosted the Global Hand Washing Day in the community center in AI. The function involved other organizations like Handicap International (HI) among others.

The Global Handwashing Day was originally created for children and schools and is celebrated by anyone promoting hand washing. Every year, over 200 million people observe this day which is endorsed by a wide array of governments,

international institutions and NGOs among others.

On this day, the AI refugees were sensitized on reasons why hand washing is important. Hand washing with soap is the most effective and inexpensive way to prevent diarrheal and respiratory infections, which take the lives of millions of children in developing countries every year. Turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilets into the habits of people could save more lives especially the life of innocent children.

This day focuses on

THE GLOBAL HAND WASHING DAY

Kenya and is well known in Africa and the world at large. It offers a wide range of trainings that are tailored to the current and ever changing working environments. The ceremony was attended by the area MP, agencies involved in the education sector, and a delegation from Kenyatta University marked a turning point for people living in Dadaab. Dadaab is home to home to a sprawling complex of camps housing around 470,000 refugees, mainly Somalis who crossed the nearby border to escape the cycles of war and drought in their homeland.

A University degree will allow refugees to make a contribution to Kenyan society by offering their skills a University degree will allow refugees to make a contribution to Kenyan society by offering their skills

By Muhamud Hassan Yussuf

Photo: neurope.eu

children who are most energetic, enthusiastic, and open to new ideas, and have the ability to propel change into the world.

The Hand washing day was marked in Dadaab some days after cholera broke out in some of the refugee camps reminding the refugees of the harsh realities of diseases caused by lack of proper hygiene.

Cover wet hands with soap and scrub all surfaces including palms, back of the hand, between the fingers, and the finger nails. Handwashing should be done in at least 20 seconds.Afterward, the hands should be dried using a clean towel or by shaking hands in the air.

HANDWASHING TIPS

EVENTS MARKING THE MONTH

EVENTS MARKING DECEMBER

16 DAYS OF ACTIV-ISM LAUNCHED IN CAMPS

CARE, UNHCR and other agencies launched 16 Days of Activism against Gen-der Violence in IFO and other camps in Dadaab as other humanitarian agencies all over the world celebrated the same. This year’s theme was “From Peace in the Home to Peace in the World.” The day was marked with celebrations in the IFO camps as refugee groups made presentations that had the message “gender violence must stop.” The 16 Days of Activism will run through to International Human Rights Day on December 10, 2012. As in past years, UNHCR will also be highlighting the work of the White Ribbon Campaign, an initiative begun by men to encourage their male peers to never commit, condone or remain silent about violence against women.

1DECEMBER

3DECEMBER

10DECEMBER

WORLDS AIDs DAY

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PEOPLE L;LIVING WITH DISABILITY

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS DAY

By Mohamed Bashir Sheik (Africa )

By J.O. Olwande

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1

Unlike the previous public functions such as World Refugee, Peace, and

HIV/Aids day gatherings in Dadaab refugee camps, it was not possible to take it off as normal in public social places which used to culminate in an overwhelming turn up or presence of people, mostly children, and women to honour the day together due to fear of insecurity in the camps. World Mental health day, themed “Depression a Global Crises” was been held at MSF (Medicines Sans Frontiers) main hospital in Dagahaley refugee camp. This was a calm function without music, and dance, the number of audiences and participants were limited to a list of invited guests of specific people coming from camp leaders, youth, and other humanitarian workers in the area. This was

a security plan designed a head of the marking day of the event. World Mental Health Day raises public awareness about mental health issues. The day promotes open discussion of mental disorders, and investments in prevention, promotion and treatment services. This year the theme for the day is “Depression: A Global Crisis”.Depression affects more than 350 million people of all ages, in all communities and more so here in Dadaab refugee camp, and is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Although there are known effective treatments for depression, access to treatment is a problem in most countries and in some countries fewer than 10% of those who need it receive such treatment. Depression is a common

mental disorder, characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, feelings of tiredness, and poor concentration. Depression can be long-lasting or recurrent, substantially impairing an individual’s ability to function at work or school or cope with daily life. At its most severe, depression can lead to suicide. When mild, people can be treated without medicines but when depression is moderate or severe they may need medication and professional advice.Depression is a disorder that can be diagnosed and treated by non-specialists as part of primary health care. Specialist care is needed for a small proportion of individuals with complicated depression or those who

DEPRESSION A GLOBAL CRISIS

A walk in Dadaab and a family sits round an old Sony radio as smooth

beats and tunes from batar drum and the kaban/oud fills the air around them as they move their heads along with the Somali music. This is a typical day in Dadaab a semi arid area in Garissa District, just 100Km from the Kenya-Somali boarder and the biggest refugee camp in the world.With limited sources of entertainment, radio has become the main source of entertainment to many, cutting across the age and language barriers to people who were divided by war and united by peace. ‘A reliable source of information and proper channels of communication has been the biggest problem both the refugee and humanitarian workers at Dadaab have been facing over the years’ Dadaab resident.Broadcasting from Nairobi’s Eastleigh, 107.5 Dadaab FM, is the first and only community radio station entirely devoted to the communication and entertainment needs of refugees and the host community. It has been on air for the last 4 months offering a

growing the range of feature content focusing on the key development areas for a growing audience. These include; Somali culture and history, education, health and nutrition, sanitation, maternal health, business tips, language development, and community growth. The station sees itself as serving a critical need in delivering high quality, relevant, and timely content which is audience driven according to Hassan Abdi,the station Manager.According to Hassan, the launch of Radio Dadaab was highly significant. Not only does the station broadcast in the Somali language (language used by 90% of the refugees), but for the first time Dadaab residents and refugees will listen to news, interviews, stories and music with direct relevance to their culture and history. Radio Dadaab has also been successful in mobilizing the local community to make the station their own. “When the refugee communities can have their own radio station, you can realize local information for local needs. This is the first step towards empowerment,” explains Hassan.

A VOICE IN THE DESERT, DADAAB FM

do not respond to first-line treatments. “We have more than 20% mental illness here in Dadaab camp and the health partners like GIZ, IRC, Care international and our self MSF Swiss taking care of the mental illness at different capacities.” According to Abubakar, the field coordinator MSF-Swiss Dagahaley Refugee Camp, Dadaab, he added that most of these patients suffer social stigma due to their health status which worsens their condition to a critical point where they are even causing harm to themselves and to the society.‘Most of these patients have developed the sickness as a result of subsequent difficulties in the history of their life, such as armed conflict, prolonged drought, and domestic violence among others. Worst still, majority of them have witnessed

In an area which lack many infrastructures such as electricity, dry cell powered radios and the widespread use of mobile phones, many of which have inbuilt FM radio, 107.5 has become a companion to many. Listeners in and around the camps can participate in call-ins programs from wherever they are, listen to informative radio programmes made by the local community with the help of FilmAid International and pass messages interactively to their families and community. Useful information can now be easily spread throughout isolated communities in a faster, more timely and economical manner than ever before. A chat with some of the refugees confirms a population with thirst for information and entertainment, particularly in how they take part in the breakfast show, ‘Dadaab Today’. The show which is a mixture of music, current affairs, sports and interactive shows, was very well received, with listeners taking advantage of the various channels of contacting the studio – phone, text, e-mail, and facebook.

The use of native Somali language breaks the

A Youth Empowerment Program on emerging leadership and ICT program was launched

in IFO and DAGAHALEY REFUGEE camps in Dadaab in June 2012. CARE being the leading agency in Sports and Youth Development in Dadaab Refugee Camps initiated this program after realizing that there was a gap in between youth leadership and ICT skills in the camps, so they introduced the course to impart these important skills to the youths in order for them to be self reliant, productive members in their communities, and spearhead positive changes for the development of their societiesThe program has so far enrolled 140 youth in the two camps who are enthusiastic and optimistic on the benefits of the program in improving their lives.” I am very happy since CARE has availed for us an opportunity to study leadership and computer skills free of charge and am sure the skills we gain from here will assist us to be good entrepreneurs and agent of change in our communities, here in the camp and back in our home countries when peace prevail”Another beneficiary, Shukri Ali Khalif said that it would be important for more opportunities to be availed to other youths who did not have a chance to join this program this semester.

EMERGING LEADERSHIP AND ICT PROGRAMS IN DAGAHALEY

‘A reliable source of information and proper channels of communication has been the biggest problem both the refugee and humanitarian workers at Dadaab have been facing over the years’

MY STORY DADAAB FM, THE ONLY RADIO STATION IN DADAAB

boundaries of literacy and in an area where Radio is by communal listening, Dadaab radio has helped bring people together in terms of race, religion, age and clans.For along time, the refugees yearned to get their own voice which delivers a combination of strong messaging and entertainment, Dadaab FM has seen phenomenal growth take up and strong response to its programming and coverage of issues which are of genuine concern to the refugees and host community. To some, Radio Dadaab has certainly changed the face of Dadaab in various ways, creating amicable understanding between the refugees and their host community while bridging the gap between both, and the NGO community, and also promoting listener-ship of the community’s current events and issues thereby fostering better citizenship.

Depression affects more than 350 million people of all ages, in all communities and more so here in Dadaab refugee camp.

The youth undertaking this course also attend computer classes five days a week to learn Microsoft office packages as well as computer hardware maintenance, and entrepreneurship before graduating in December, 2012.Mohamed further emphasized the objective of ICT in entrepreneurship where he highlighted the dynamics in information and communication technology and the need to be frequently updated on the new trends in ICT. He also clarified on how ICT can help the youth to initiate new businesses, improve and cut cost on the existing youth enterprisesSpeaking to the refugee team, Dadaab Youth Spokesman Liban Rashid on his feelings towards the program said ”Success always comes to those who are busy to look for it and I urge the youth to go for the ELP AND ICT program in exodus as the world is becoming digital. This is a golden opportunity the youth in Dadaab are waiting for”

Enable the youth to understand the power of peace in leadership, social, health, values and educationIncrease awareness in good leadershipDemonstrate the reciprocal benefits of collaboration between education, business and social cultural factors

PROGRAM OBJECTIVE

The Refugee NewsletterIssue no. 7

November, 2012

PHOTO: DADAAB OVERVIEW (rescue.org)

By Liban Rashid

By Abdullahi Dahir Mire

By: Abdi Mohamud Ibrahim

From horror and hopelessness to the heights of award wining filmmaker, 25 year

old Liban Rashid is an inspiration and leader to Dadaab refugee youths. Over two decades in the camps of north eastern Kenya, he managed to make the best out of his life despite the death of his father and his separation from mother and siblings who were resettled to America.

He arrived in Dadaab camps in 1991 when he was only 4 years old. Life in the camp was difficult having little to eat

IFO YOUTH CHAIR

and inadequate supply of water, lack of proper shelter among other challenges. He enrolled in elementary classes and learnt how to read and write. “I was very proud, I could recite poems and songs taught in school and my mother was happier when she saw me singing in the white man’s language” recalls Liban.

His father went back to Somali a few years later to look for his house and other properties. He never made it back to his family.“I could not watch my mother struggling to put food on the table so

I had to look for a means to support her. I traveled to Nairobi” Liban said.Life in the city was not as he had expected since he had no relatives in Nairobi. He went to the busy Eastliegh and found himself work as a waiter in one of the hotels in the area. The owners of the hotel did not pay him for his hard work since he was a refugee but instead offered him a place to sleep with little food. When he came back his family was being resettled.

In 2009, he joined Flimaid’s PVP where he got basic trainings on camera work including script writing, documentary production and editing. He was elected to the position of chair in IFO Youth Umbrella Organization in April 2012, a position he currently holds. He is also the current spokesperson for the main Youth Umbrella of Dadaab.

He also represents the Dadaab refugee community journalists. ‘I would like to work for my country-Somalia and bring out the image of real Somalia in the global stage” he says. His dream is to become a professional film maker and producer so that he can lead an example to the young Refugees wherever they are!

I could not watch my mother struggling to put food on the table so I had to look for a means to support her

Since its inception in 1992, Dadaab has been home to thousands of refugees who

flee from war torn countries like Somali and Congo while others flee from calamities. Dadaab has been a peaceful heaven for many with generations coming and going, providing a social harbor and opportunities to many. The camp has almost all the facilities from schools (with computer labs and science laboratories) to social amenities and hospitals. There are a lot of great minds and personalities that started in Dadaab and despite the various hardships and set backs that they face they still make it in life to achieve dreams yet to be achieved by many outside camps.

Education Education is a critical issue in Dadaab with the youth realizing the importance of a sound education. There are over seven secondary schools in Dadaab with each camp having at least two. The number of girls making it to o-level is on a steady rise as most Somalis, who make up the larger percentage of refugees, slowly move from a nomadic pastrolism life to a modern society and transforming into successful business and professional people.Agencies such as FilmAid International also offer trainings to the youth and communities

Having different skills maximizes your chances of making it in life

Bashir in his Hagadera shop. He is an example of refugees who have made it while in the camps

at large imparting them with the much needed skills that will enable them make ends meet in future. The most recent is The Filmmaker and Journalism training programs that will see the first female journalists and filmmakers from Dadaab use these skills to project hope and change lives. The youth are developing interest in acquiring skills and certificates for themselves which they believe are the key for them to acquire jobs in the humanitarian organizations while those not luck enough find ways of using the skills to

make ends meet.“Having different skills maximizes your chances of making it in life” Bashir (Africa). Bashir is an example of the youth who are taking their skills acquired through training to the next level. He is the founder of Dadaab.com website, a member of FilmAid’s PVP (Participatory Video Program), Journalism Training as well as runs successful businesses in Dadaab.

InfrastructureBashir is just one of the many unsung refugees who are making a difference in the

community. Many refugees in Dadaab are doing well in business as indicated by the ever growing markets in the three camps. Businesses and modern buildings are quickly spouting up in Dadaab with the public transport services quickly opening up the region to the world.New food and clothing businesses are growing due to the ever increasing population as more and more refugees arrive in the area.

PHOTO

DADAAB SINCE 1992.

Care international in is among the non-governmental organizations operating in Dadaab camps, offering humanitarian services to the refugee population. At the peak of 2011 care withdrew some of its programs includ-ing sports from Hagadera and geared them to IFO and Dagahaley. CARE has been the main promoter for sports in Hagadera as all sports activi-ties were monitored, implemented, run and funded by it. Hagadera has the highest number of registered sports teams under the Hagadera Youth Umbrella Organization in Dadaab. It has a total of 143 football teams and 8 volleyball teams. There are 18 football

pitches across the camps that have goal posts. After the departure of CARE to IFO and Dagahaley, sports teams in Hagadera and especially the football teams have suffered a major setback. Among the issues that came up is sports field grabbing which affected most of the teams. “When the people heard that CARE is no longer deal-ing with sports activities in the camp, people saw it as a time to extend their compounds or set up a private institution outside the blocks and into the football pitches” said one of the football teams captain in Hagadera. As a result of these encroachments many football teams were left without

football pitches and training grounds.Youth make 65 percent of the entire population of the camp which is approximately 135,000 persons. This percentage tends to increase the number of youth involved in sports in one way or the other. At 5 pm every day in Hagadera you can hardly find an open field that does not have youth engaging in sports activities. This shows the love youth have for sports as a tool for recre-ation, peace as well as a tool for passing time. Sports keep

the youth from engaging in other harmful activities such as drugs and bad company.Hagadera main field which is the biggest of the sports field has been adversely affect-ed by encroachment by the business owners in the market since it is adjacent to the mar-ket. It has also been used as a dumping site for all the busi-ness premises in the market. To save our youth and their love for sports something has to be done to protect our recreation-al facilities.

SPORTS ACTIVITIES DIMINISHING IN HAGADERA

The Refugee NewsletterIssue no. 7

November, 2012

DEVELOPMENT IN REFUGEE CAMPSAND LIVES

REFUGEE OF THE MONTH

HIGHLIGHTS

Mobilized and implemented tailoring class-es for youth out of school with the help of LWF livelihood sector

Organized inter community peace tourna-ment in IFO camp in May/June 2012 where all the sections and communities partic-ipated to promote peace, harmonious co-existence, interaction and love among the different communities in IFO camp since IFO is a multicultural camp

Conduced community forums to sensitize the community on Security and the need to establish community-policing structure to curb rising insecurity in the camp. The chairman further commented” we make differences through exposing truth by jointly identifying and solving crimes in our societies

He spearheaded a one week leadership and governance training of trainers (TOT) in IFO camp on community action plan on sanitation and hygiene promotion.

Following peace building and conflict transformation training held at Matuu in July, 2012 he has conducted focus group discussion on peace and conflict transfor-mation for youth in IFO

Has two films to his name; Khat and the blacksmith. Also won a ‘Best Director Award in The Film festivals (FilmAids)

PHOTO: Liban Rashid during one of his shoots

BPRM

Abdi Abdullahi and many other

refugees finally have a reason to

smile. He has been living in the

world’s biggest refugee camp for over two

decades. Having completed his secondary

education, he and thousands of refugee

youths in Dadaab now have a reason to

celebrate and hope for a brighter future as

Kenyatta University launched a campus in

Dadaab.

Dadaab campus will receive its first students

in January 2013, and is inviting members of

KENYATTA

UNIVERSITY

LAUNCHED IN

DADAAB

the host community as well as refugees.

The university’s objective is to empower

refugees through tertiary education.

It offers diploma, undergraduate

and master’s programs in academic

fields such as Finance, Marketing,

Project Management, education,

Public Administration, Community

Mobilization, Peace and Conflict

Studies and many others. This appears is

the first university campus being set up

for the benefit of a refugee community,

REFUGEETHEDoes the world know about Dadaab?

The Refugee Newsletter

gives a voice to refugee

stories to empower and

inform the community.

by refugee youth under FilmAid’s Participatory Video

Project in Dadaab Refugee Camps

By Abdi Mohamud Ibrahim

The news of the successful

liberation of Somalia by

acombined force of the AMISOM

and the Kenya Defence Forces was

received with joy and tribulation in

Dadaab refugee camps. Families

in the camps sat to listen to news

from both local and international

news stations as word quickly spread

around of the developments in

Somalia.

Somalia, also known as the horn of

Africa has a population of around 10

million people, and has been without

central and effective government

since the dictatorial government

of Ex-president Siad Bare was over

thrown by combined forces of clan

militias in 1991 sending the country

into civil war.

Numerous efforts have since been

made by different countries and

regional organizations to restore

peace and stability in Somalia but

all has been in vain until the recent

entrance of the Kenya Defense

Forces led mission into Somali in the

fight against the alshabab.

Fortunately the previous transitional

federal government of President

Continues on page 6...

Continues on page 5...

HOPE RETURNS TO DADAAB

AS SOMALI IS LIBERATED

SPECIAL FEATURE

GIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN

DADAAB REFUGEE CAMPS

(Page 3...)

ISSUE No. 7

By Tarah

A gift of the

US Government

The Refugee Newsletter

is supported by

BPRM

A bdi Abdullahi and many other refugees finally have a reason to smile. He has been living in the

world’s biggest refugee camp for over two

decades. Having completed his secondary

education, he and thousands of refugee

youths in Dadaab now have a reason to

celebrate and hope for a brighter future as

Kenyatta University launched a campus in

Dadaab. Dadaab campus will receive its first students

in January 2013, and is inviting members of

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY LAUNCHED IN DADAAB

the host community as well as refugees. The university’s objective is to empower refugees through tertiary education. It offers diploma, undergraduate and master’s programs in academic fields such as Finance, Marketing, Project Management, education, Public Administration, Community Mobilization, Peace and Conflict Studies and many others. This appears is the first university campus being set up for the benefit of a refugee community,

REFUGEETHE Does the world know about Dadaab?

The Refugee Newsletter gives a voice to refugee stories to empower and inform the community.

by refugee youth under FilmAid’s Participatory Video

Project in Dadaab Refugee Camps

By Abdi Mohamud IbrahimT he news of the successful liberation of Somalia by acombined force of the AMISOM

and the Kenya Defence Forces was received with joy and tribulation in Dadaab refugee camps. Families in the camps sat to listen to news from both local and international news stations as word quickly spread around of the developments in Somalia.Somalia, also known as the horn of Africa has a population of around 10 million people, and has been without central and effective government since the dictatorial government of Ex-president Siad Bare was over thrown by combined forces of clan militias in 1991 sending the country into civil war. Numerous efforts have since been

made by different countries and regional organizations to restore peace and stability in Somalia but all has been in vain until the recent entrance of the Kenya Defense Forces led mission into Somali in the fight against the alshabab. Fortunately the previous transitional

federal government of President

Continues on page 6...

Continues on page 5...

HOPE RETURNS TO DADAAB AS SOMALI IS LIBERATED

SPECIAL FEATUREGIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN DADAAB REFUGEE CAMPS(Page 3...)

ISSUE No. 7

By Tarah

A gift of theUS Government

The Refugee Newsletter is supported by

BPRM

A bdi Abdullahi and many other

refugees finally have a reason to

smile. He has been living in the

world’s biggest refugee camp for over two

decades. Having completed his secondary

education, he and thousands of refugee

youths in Dadaab now have a reason to

celebrate and hope for a brighter future as

Kenyatta University launched a campus in

Dadaab. Dadaab campus will receive its first students

in January 2013, and is inviting members of

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY LAUNCHED IN

DADAABthe host community as well as refugees.

The university’s objective is to empower

refugees through tertiary education.

It offers diploma, undergraduate

and master’s programs in academic

fields such as Finance, Marketing,

Project Management, education,

Public Administration, Community

Mobilization, Peace and Conflict

Studies and many others. This appears is

the first university campus being set up

for the benefit of a refugee community,

REFUGEETHE

Does the world know about Dadaab?The Refugee Newsletter

gives a voice to refugee

stories to empower and

inform the community.

by refugee youth under FilmAid’s Participatory Video

Project in Dadaab Refugee Camps

By Abdi Mohamud IbrahimT he news of the successful

liberation of Somalia by

acombined force of the AMISOM

and the Kenya Defence Forces was

received with joy and tribulation in

Dadaab refugee camps. Families

in the camps sat to listen to news

from both local and international

news stations as word quickly spread

around of the developments in

Somalia.Somalia, also known as the horn of

Africa has a population of around 10

million people, and has been without

central and effective government

since the dictatorial government

of Ex-president Siad Bare was over

thrown by combined forces of clan

militias in 1991 sending the country

into civil war. Numerous efforts have since been

made by different countries and

regional organizations to restore

peace and stability in Somalia but

all has been in vain until the recent

entrance of the Kenya Defense

Forces led mission into Somali in the

fight against the alshabab.

Fortunately the previous transitional

federal government of President

Continues on page 6...

Continues on page 5...

HOPE RETURNS TO DADAAB

AS SOMALI IS LIBERATED

SPECIAL FEATUREGIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN

DADAAB REFUGEE CAMPS(Page 3...)

ISSUE No. 7

By Tarah

A gift of theUS Government

The Refugee Newsletter

is supported by

The

NewsletterREFUGEE

SPORTS

NEWSFEATURES

Refugee of the month

Fun and GAMESOpinion My Take

Get your story published in The Refugee every month by sending us your article on or before 15th day of the monthto therefugee.news@yahoo.com or dropping them off at any of our FilmAid field offices

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For Great Reads on

REFUGEE PHOTOS OF THE MONTH

By Ali Mohamed Abili (Maktub)

By: Moulid Hujale-IFO.

By Hassan Yussuf Mohamud

Long ago there lived people in a certain village called Bella. The village was so small that

the people knew each other by names. Majority of the people were youth. This is because Bella people had a tradition of killing their old ones.When a person gets old, he or she was taken to a lonely place far away form the village where they starved to death. They believed that the aging people brought curses to the young. Akoyo lived in the other side of the village with his parents. He was a very wise young man who loved his parents so much. His father taught him all the traditions of the Bella people. It was only then when he started to plan for his parents. Every morning he went into the forest and never told his parents where he was going.

His parents were so scared that their son was planning to kill them. They could not rest during the day or sleep when it was dark. One morning Akoyo woke up very early in the morning. He

BELLA VILLAGE

ENTERTAINMENT

saddled the donkeys and woke his parents. He put hem on the back of the donkeys and rode them deep into the forest. He explained to his frightened parents that he was not going to kill them but he was taking them to a place he had prepared for them in the forest.Akoyo would visit his parents every morning. One day, his parents warned him of a fore coming drought. He instructed him to harvest all crops and store them in the granary. When the drought came, it left many animals and people dead. Akoyo and his family survived the drought. He then married a girl from his neighboring village and lived happily ever after. He was prosperous and he revealed to people who asked what the secret to his prosperity was- Old age brings wisdom, and for this Akoyo was made the ruler and old people were never killed again.

Email your kids stories and drawings to therefugee.news@yahoo.com and have them published.

The Refugee Newsletter is Designed and Published by FilmAid International & supported by UNHCR & BPRM. It is written by the refugee community for the community. For any suggestions, comments, or questions, please email therefugee.news@yahoo.com or visit any FilmAid Offices in Dadaab.

The Refugee NewsletterIssue no. 7

November, 2012

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SODUKU

GAMESFUN

By Mengesha Bongo