The doctrine of Ahla'l-Sunna vs The Salafist Movement [English]

7/28/2019 The doctrine of Ahla'l-Sunna vs The Salafist Movement [English]

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)Ecl sey2 \rutg ges amnf ecl oehsfgmml

ges vecdsgfl ewey# Hm% oehsfgmml

ds fvfr imucl tm vecdsg#)

50275$

Zredsf ifhmc`s tm Ehheg Pgm ges nelf trutg ahferhy ldstdcat ormn frrmr( wgm puts lmwc dccmvetdmc ecldccmvetmrs ecl redsfs gd`g tgf Qucce mo tgf Zrmpgft( Zfeaf if upmc gdn( ecl tgf pfmphf wgm omhhmw dt#

Zredsf ifhmc s tm Ehheg Pgm dc fvfry afctury dcspdrfs e `rmup mo sagmherhy pfmphf tm lfofcl tgf Pey motgf Zrmpgft( Zfeaf if upmc gdn( ormn tgf ldstmrtdmcs mo tgf d`cmrect .. tgmsf wgm aehh tgf nebmrdty moNushdns nusgrdkdlmhetfrs$ ecl nuiteldj dccmvetmrs$ ecl keodrldsifhdfvfrs$( oehsfhy ahedndc` tget tgfy

ehmcf erf sevfl# Qehutetdmcs ecl `rfftdc`s upmc tgf Zrmpgft( gds Oendhy( ecl gds Amnpecdmcs wgm erf tgffxfnphers ecl `uerldecs mo tgf Qucce#

\gds irdfo iut fxafhhfct immk iy tgf Dreqd sagmher eh.Regewd 57?1.541?$ ds

puihdsgfl dc Fc`hdsg omr tgf odrst tdnf( iy Ehheg's `reaf( tm `dvf mur Nushdnirmtgfr dc tgf Pfst tgf cfafssery gdstmrdaeh ieak rmucl mc dnpmrtect qufstdmcs mo ifhdfo ecl nftgmlmhm`y

wgdag erf aurrfcthy uclfr etteak ormn afrtedc quertfrs mo mur Amnnucdty# Dt ds e amnpecdmc vmhunf tm murtwm immks fctdthflDshenda Lmatrdcf ecl Ifhdfos Eaamrldc` tm Egh eh.Qucce#5[5^

Dshen( dc mur uclfrstecldc` ecl tget mo tgf nebmrdty mo Nushdns( imtg sagmhers ecl cmc.sagmhers(ds tgf Dshen mo Egh eh.Qucce we eh.Beneje .. \gf Zfmphf mo tgf Pey mo tgf Zrmpgft ecl tgf Amnnucdty mo

Nushdns# Agdfo ecl omrfnmst enmc` tgfn erf tgf truf Qeheo mo Dshen2 tgf Amnpecdmcs( tgf Quaafssmrs(ecl tgfdr Quaafssmrs eaamrldc` tm tgf Zrmpgft's smucl geldtg dc Nushdn2 )\gf ifst afctury ds ny afctury(

tgfc tgf mcf omhhmwdc` dt( tgfc tgf mcf omhhmwdc` tget#) Ehh tgf sagmhers uclfrstmml iy tget geldtg tget tgftruf Qeheo wfrf tgf nmlfhs mo gunec ifgevdmr ecl amrrfat ifhdfo omr us Nushdns ecl omr ehh neckdcl( tgettm omhhmw tgfn wes tm omhhmw tgf Zrmpgft( ecl tget tm omhhmw tgf Zrmpgft wes tm eagdfvf sehvetdmc

eaamrldc` tm Ehheg's mrlfr2 )Pgmfvfr mifys tgf Zrmpgft mifys Ehheg)


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tgds nmvfnfct aehh tgfnsfhvfs )Qeheod#) Quag ec eppfhhetdmc ds iesfhfss sdcaf tgf truf Qeheo kcfw cm suagsagmmh es tgf )Qeheod) sagmmh cmr fvfc aehhfl tgfnsfhvfs iy tget cenf; tgf mchy `fcfreh cenf tgfy

rfam`cdzfl omr tgfnsfhvfs wes tget mo Nushdn# Es ec fndcfct sagmher ges stetfl( tgf Qeheodyye ds cmt erfam`cdzfl sagmmh mo tgmu`gt dc Dshen( retgfr( dt rfofrs tm e ihfssfl gdstmrdaeh pfrdml mo mur `hmrdmus pest#

Dc rfehdty( tmley's sm.aehhfl )Qeheod) nmvfnfct( cmw eimut tgdrty yfers mhl( ds tgf nmlfrc

mut`rmwtg mo ec twm.afctury mhl gfrfsy spewcfl iy e sagmher mo tgf Cebl erfe dc tgf Festfrc pert mo tgfEreidec pfcdcsuhe iy tgf cenf mo Nugennel dic jEil eh.Peggei 50:1.5049$# \gds sagmher ges iffcrfoutfl iy e hmc` hdcf mo sagmhers imtg dc gds tdnf ecl murs# \gfdr cenfs ecl tgf tdthfs mo smnf mo tgfdr

fxafhhfct rfoutetdmcs erf omucl dc tgf idihdm`repgy dvfc et tgf fcl mo tgds dctrmluatdmc#

Dc fssfcaf( Qeheodsn ecl Peggeidsn erf tgf senf( iut tgf hettfr ds dlfctdodfl iy dts omuclfr wgdhf

tgf omrnfr tekfs tgf cenf mo tgf Qeheo ecl nekfs dt dts mwc# Tft imtg Qeheodsn ecl Peggeidsn lfpertormn tgf ifhdfo ecl preatdaf mo tgf Qeheo( es tgf prfsfct immk eiuclecthy nekfs ahfer#

Eh.Regewd ldspheys e prmomucl nestfry mo tgf prmmos mo Egh eh.Qucce wgdag gf

prfsfcts dc e ahfer ecl systfnetda styhf# \gf immk ds ldvdlfl dctm amcadsf sfatdmcstreadc` tgf mrd`dcs mo tgf Peggeid-Qeheod nmvfnfct ecl tgf tfeagdc`s tget tgds nmvfnfct prmnmtfs dc

dsmhetdmc mo tgf lmatrdcf mo tgf nebmrdty mo Nushdns# Eotfr e irdfo gdstmrdaeh mvfrvdfw mo tgf ihmmlymrd`dcs mo Peggeidsn ecl tgf )Qeheod) arffl( tgf eutgmr turcs tm dcvfstdètf tgf omucletdmcs mo tgf sgerdjewgdag gevf iffc ter`ftfl iy tgf Peggeid-Qeheod nmvfnfct omr rfvdsdmc( cenfhy2

tgf Peggeid-Qeheod tenpfrdc` mo tgf lmatrdcf mo tgf pdmus Qeheo amcafrcdc` Ehheg's fssfcaf eclettrdiutfs( ecl gds orfflmn ormn imly( sdzf( mr ldrfatdmc;tgfdr rfbfatdmc modbnej sagmherhy amcsfcsus$ ecl qdyes ecehm`y$;tgfdr rfbfatdmc mo tgf smurafs ecl nftgmlmhm`daeh omucletdmcs mo dbtdgellfrdvdc` quehdodfl bul`nfct$

ecl teqhdlomhhmwdc` quehdodfl bul`nfct$#

\gf eutgmr tgfc cerrmws lmwc mc tgf Peggeid-Qeheod preatdaf mo tekodr( wgdag ds tgfdr lfaherdc`Nushdns ucifhdfvfrs( eaamrldc` tm ardtfrde cmt omhhmwfl iy tgf pdmus Qeheo iut lfvdsfl iy nmlfrc.ley

)Qeheods#) \gf eutgmr sgmws tget tgf )Qeheods) wfct mut mo imucls dc amclfncdc` tgf Vnne NushdnAmnnucdty$ mc tgf qufstdmc mo teqhdl( lfaherdc` ucifhdfvfrs ehh tgmsf wgm preatdaf teqhdl( tget ds( tgfnebmrdty mo Nushdns# Odcehhy( tgf eutgmr turcs tm tgf hdcagpdc mo )Qeheod) pgdhmsmpgy2 hfevdc` tgf dbnej motgf truf Qeheo dc lfaherdc` ucifhdfvfrs ehh Nushdns wgm usf tgf Zrmpgft Nugennel's dctfrafssdmc( Zfeaf

if upmc gdn( es e wesdhe mr nfecs mo ihfssdc`#

Eh.Qgeykg Bendh Foofcld eh.Qdqld eh.Regewd wes tgf smc mo tgf Nuotd mo Dreq ecl elfsafclect mo Kgehdl dic eh.Pehdl# Gf wes fluaetfl dc tgf Dshenda sadfcafs agdfohy

iy gds oetgfr ecl( ifsdlfs `mdc` mc tm ifamnf tgf `rfetfst Ereida ecl Zfrsdec pmft mo nmlfrc Dreq( wesehsm e hdtfrery nestfr dc tgf mtgfr twm Dshenda hecùe`fs mo tgf tdnf2 \urkdsg ecl Kurldsg#

Eh.Regewd èvf ferhy prmmos mo gds sagmherhy tehfcts# Iy tgf e`f mo omrty gf gel sfrvfl mc tgf

imerl mo fluaetdmc dc Ie`glel( es tgf ldrfatmr mo tgf stetf prdctdc` moodaf( es fldtmr mo tgf agdfo stetfpuihdaetdmc( eh.Rewre'( ecl es e nfnifr mo tgf Ie`glel amurt mo eppfeh# \gf sfamcl geho mo gds hdof weslfvmtfl tm wrdtdc`( bmurcehdsn( ecl tfeagdc`# Gf teu`gt pgdhmsmpgy ecl Ereida hdtfreturf dc Dsteciuh eclhew dc Ie`glel# E prmhdoda wrdtfr( et mcf pmdct gf lfahdcfl tgf moodaf mo amurt pmft ecl gdstmrdec mo Dreq

moofrfl gdn iy Kdc` Oeyseh# Dc elldtdmc tm tgf eimvf gf wes sadfctdodaehhy dcahdcfl ecl wrmtf pepfrs mcverdmus sadfctdoda tmpdas suag es fhfatrdadty ecl tgf pmwfr mo rfpuhsdmc( ehh tgds lfspdtf e agrmcda ldsfesf mo

tgf spdcf wgdag gel ardpphfl gdn ormn gds twfcty.odotg yfer#

Eimut tgf immk

Eimut tgf eutgmr


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Et tgf turc mo tgf afctury Ereide gel wdtcfssfl tgf rfturc mo tgf Peggeids tm pmwfr ecl tgf mpfcrfifhhdmc mo tgfdr omrafs e`edcst tgf Aehdpg mo tgf Dshenda amnnucdty# Pget wes wmrsf( tgf Peggeid

gfrfsy wes kcmakdc` et tgf `etfs mo Ie`glel( ecl tgf sagmhers mo Egh eh.Qucce spmkf mut dc mrlfr tm stfndts rdsdc` tdlf# Dc 54:6 et tgf e`f mo


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\gf Zrmpgft sedl( Zfeaf if upmc gdn2 )Ny Amnnucdty wdhh sphdt dctm sfvfcty.tgrff sfats# Ehh motgfn wdhh if dc tgf odrf fxafpt mcf `rmup#) \gfy eskfl2 )Pgm erf tgfy( M Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg=) Gf sedl2

)\gmsf tget omhhmw ny wey ecl tget mo ny amnpecdmcs#) 9[9^ \gds ds e rehhydc`.ary tm tgf Odrn Ympf mo5(


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[)Qagmherhy Lfietf Iftwffc tgf Qgerdo ecl Egnel dic Dlrds E`edcst tgf Peggeids mo Cebl( \dgene( ecljEsdr)^#

Leghec( eh.Qeyydl Egnel dic Reycd l# 51:


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Dsteciuh2 Gekdket Kdteifvd( 544


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Kgezifk( Qgeykg Gesec2Eh.neqehet eh.weodyyet od eh.rell jehe eh.weggeidyyeg [)Amnphftf \rfetdsf dcYfoutdc` tgf Peggeids)^#

Nekghuo( Nugennel Geseceyc2 Ydsehet od gukn eh.tewessuh idh.ecidye weh.ewhdye [)\rfetdsf mc tgf

Yuhdc` Amcafrcdc` tgf Vsf mo Zrmpgfts ecl Qedcts es Dctfrnflderdfs)^#

Eh.Nehdkd eh.Guseycd( Eh.nugelldtg Nugennel eh.Gesec dic jEhewd2 Neoegdnu yebdiu ec tuseggeg[)Cmtdmcs tget sgmuhl if amrrfatfl)^


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Eh.Qeqqeoeh.Qgeodjd( Gesec dic jEhd( Dshenda Yfsferag Dctdtutf( Ennec( Bmrlec2 eh.D`getge id eldhhet eh.dstd`getge we eh.rell eh.nuidc jehe nuckdrd eh.tewessuh[)\gf Nfray mo Ehheg dc tgf Zrmmos mo Qffkdc`

Dctfrafssdmc ecl tgf Ahfer Ecswfr tm \gmsf wgm Yfbfat dt)^; Dhqen eh geber hd eh.nutetewdh jehe eh.Esgejdre ndc eh.Iesger[)\gf Qtmcdc` mo Ehh \gmsf Pgm Etteak Esg'erds)^; Uenus sgete'dn eh.Ehiecd we

eh.ehoez eh.nuckere eh.hetd yethuquge od geqq uhene eh.unneg we oulehed'ge we `geyrdgdn###[)Fcayahmpflde mo eh.Ehiecd's Eigmrrfct Fxprfssdmcs Pgdag Gf Vsfs E`edcst tgf Qagmhers mo tgf

Amnnucdty( dts Fndcfct Nfc( ecl Mtgfrs###)^ Ennec 2 Ler eh.Dnen eh.Cewewd( 5441#

Eh.Qewd eh.Ndsrd2Gesgdyet jehe eh.beheheyc [)Amnnfctery mc tgf \eosdr mo tgf \wm Beheh eh.Ldc)^#

Qeyo eh.Ldc Egnfl dic Nugennel2 Eh.Ehiecd Vcvfdhfl2 Ec Fxpmsdtdmc mo Gds Frrmrs ecl MtgfrDnpmrtect Dssufs( 9cl fl# Hmclmc2 s#c#( 544


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EGELD\G MC \GF KGEPEYDB

PGDAG \GF QAGMHEYQ AMCQDLFY

\M EZZHT \M \GF PEGGEIDQ

\gfsf egeldtg erf adtfl dc tgf Qdx Immks mo eutgfctda treldtdmcs omr tgf nmst pert# \gfy gevf iffc amhhetflomr tgf nmst pert ormn tgf omhhmwdc` twm immks wrdttfc dc rfoutetdmc mo tgf Peggeid gfrfsy2

e$ eh.Qeyydl eh.jEhewd dic Egnel dic Gesec dic jEil Ehheg dic jEhewd eh.Gellel2 Ndsieg eh.ecen we

behe' eh.zehen od rell sguieg eh.idljd eh.Cebld eh.hetd elehhe idge eh. jewenn [)\gf Henp mo Arfeturfsecl tgf Dhhundcetdmc mo Lerkcfss Amcafrcdc` tgf Yfoutetdmc mo tgf Frrmrs mo tgf Dccmvetmr Ormn Cebl iyPgdag Gf Gel Ndshfl tgf Amnnmc Zfmphf)^ puihdsgfl 5196G#

i$ eh.Qeyydl Egnel dic Reycd eh.Leghec l# 51:


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5


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56# )\gfrf wdhh if e gu`f amcousdmc wdtgdc ny Amnnucdty# \gfrf wdhh cmt rfnedc mcf gmusf mo tgf Ereisfxafpt tget amcousdmc wdhh fctfr dt# \gmsf wgm ldf ifaeusf mo dt erf dc tgf odrf# \gf gern mo tgf tmcùf dc dt

wdhh if `rfetfr tgec tget mo tgf swmrl#)

5?# )\gfrf wdhh if e ldssfcsdmc dc wgdag pfmphf wdhh if$ lfeo( luni ecl ihdcl tgds nfecs tgfy wdhh ifihdcl ecl cmt sff tgf truf dssuf cmr hdstfc tm tgf vmdaf mo trutg$2 wgmfvfr trdfs tm amctrmh dt( tgf ldssfcsdmc

wdhh amctrmh gdn#)

50# )E sgeytec wdhh eppfer dc Cebl iy wgmsf ldssfcsdmc tgf Ereidec dshecl wdhh quekf#)

57# Mc tgf eutgmrdty mo eh.jEiies2 )E nec wdhh amnf mut mo tgf Peld Eiu Gecdoeg [dc Cebl^ wgmsfeppferecaf ds$ hdkf e iuhh tget huc`fs eèdcst dts ymkf# \gfrf wdhh if nuag sheu`gtfr ecl kdhhdc` dc gds

tdnf# \gfy wdhh nekf tgf pmssfssdmcs mo Nushdns hewouh omr tgfnsfhvfs ecl omr trelf enmc` tgfnsfhvfs#\gfy wdhh nekf tgf hdvfs mo Nushdns hewouh omr tgfnsfhvfs ecl omr imestdc` enmc` tgfnsfhvfs# Dc tget

amcousdmc tgf lfspdsfl ecl tgf hmwhy wdhh ettedc pmsdtdmcs mo pmwfr# \gfdr dlhf lfsdrfs wdhh kffp amnpecywdtg tgfn tgf wey e lm` kffps amnpecy wdtg dts nestfr#)

54# Mc tgf eutgmrdty mo Eiu Qejdl eh.Kgulrd2 )_frdhy dc tgf wekf mo tgds tdnf mo ndcf amnfs e pfmphf wgm

wdhh rfadtf Uur'ec iut dt wdhh cmt `m pest tgfdr tgrmets# \gfy wdhh pess tgrmu`g rfhd`dmc tgf wey ec errmwpessfs tgrmu`g dts querry# \gfy wdhh kdhh tgf Nushdns ecl hfevf tgf dlmhetfrs ehmcf# Do D sew tgfn( vfrdhy Dwmuhl kdhh tgfn tgf wey tgf trdif mo jEel wes kdhhfl [d#f# ehh mo tgfn^#)

9:# )\gfrf wdhh if tmwerls tgf fcl mo tdnf e pfmphf wgm wdhh sey tm ymu wget cfdtgfr ymu cmr ymuromrfifers fvfr gferl ifomrf# Ifwerf mo tgfn hfst tgfy ndsùdlf ymu ecl irdc` ymu amcousdmc#)

95# )\gfy wdhh pess tgrmu`g Dshen hdkf ec errmw pessfs tgrmu`g dts querry# Pgfrfvfr ymu nfft tgfn( kdhh

tgfn%)


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99# )\gfy erf tgf lm`s mo tgf pfmphf mo Gfhh#)

91# )\gfy rfadtf Uur'ec ecl amcsdlfr dt dc tgfdr oevmr iut dt ds e`edcst tgfn#)

9


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tgf ferhy leys mo Dshen# Nugennel Dic Qejul( `mvfrcmr mo tgds ldstrdat( edlfl Dic jEil eh.Peggei'sfoomrt( omradc` pfmphf tm omhhmw gdn# Mcf Erei trdif eotfr ecmtgfr ehhmwfl dtsfho tm if lfafdvfl uctdh

sfldtdmc ifaenf amnnmcpheaf dc tgf rf`dmc( gds cmtmrdfty `rfw ecl gds pmwfr smmc pessfl ifymclecymcf's amctrmh# \gf cmnelda Ereis mo tgf surrmucldc` lfsfrt oferfl gdn# Gf usfl tm sey tm tgf pfmphf2

)D aehh upmc ymu iut tm amcofss tewgdlnmcmtgfdsn$ ecl tm evmdlsgdrkessmadetdc` pertcfrs wdtg Ehheg dcwmrsgdp$#) \gf pfmphf mo tgf amuctrysdlf omhhmwfl gdn ecl wgfrf gf wehkfl( tgfy wehkfl uctdh gds

lmndcecaf dcarfesfl#

Nugennel Dic jEil eh.Peggei wes imrc dc 5555 ecl ldfl dc 59:0 5?44.5049 AF$# Et tgf

mutsft mo gds aerffr( gf usfl tm `m ieak ecl omrtg tm Nfaae ecl Neldce dc qufst mo kcmwhfl`f# Dc Neldce(gf stuldfl wdtg Qgeykg Nugennel Dic Quheynec eh.Kurld ecl Qgeykg Nugennel Geyet eh.Qdcld l#506:$# \gfsf twm sgeykgs es wfhh es mtgfrs wdtg wgmn gf stuldfl ferhy mc lftfatfl tgf gfrfsy mo Dic

jEil eh.Peggei's arffl# \gfy usfl tm sey2 )Ehheg wdhh ehhmw gdn if hfl estrey; iut fvfc ucgeppdfr wdhhif tgf hmt mo tgmsf ndshfl iy gdn#) Adraunstecafs gel rfeagfl tgds stetf wgfc gds oetgfr jEil eh.Peggei(

e pdmus sagmhers mo tgf rfhd`dmc( lftfatfl gfrfsy dc gds ifhdfo ecl if`ec tm werc mtgfrs eimut gds smc# Gdsmwc irmtgfr Quheynec smmc omhhmwfl sudt( `mdc` sm oer es tm wrdtf e immk fctdthfl eh.Qewejdq tgf

tguclfrimhts$1[1^ tm rfoutf tgf dccmvetdvf ecl suivfrsdvf arffl necuoeaturfl iy Dic jEil eh.Peggei#

Oenmus wrdtfrs mo tgf ley nelf e pmdct mo cmtdc` tgf sdndherdty iftwffc Dic jEil eh.Peggei'sif`dccdc`s ecl tgmsf mo tgf oehsf prmpgfts prmndcfct dc Dshen's dcdtdeh fpmag hdkf Nuseyhdne tgfZrfverdaetmr( Qebeg eh.Eswel eh.Ecesd( \uhedge eh.Eseld ecl mtgfrs mo tgfdr kdcl#


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)\gds stdak dc ny gecl ds ifttfr tgec Nugennel ifaeusf dt ifcfodts nf iy fceihdc` nf tm wehk# IutNugennel ds lfel ecl ifcfodts nf cmt et ehh)# \gds( mo amursf( fxprfssfs cmtgdc` hfss tgec ldsifhdfo ecl

amucts hfèhhy es suag dc tgf omurs sagmmhs mo Dshenda hew#6[6^

Yfturcdc` ehweys tm tgf senf tgfnf( Dic jEil eh.Peggei usfl tm sey tget preyfr omr tgf Zrmpgftwes rfprfgfcsdihf ecl ldshdkfl nekrug$ dc tgf Qgerdje# Gf wmuhl prmgdidt ihfssdc`s mc tgf Zrmpgft ormn

ifdc` rfadtfl mc tgf fvf mo Ordley preyfr ecl tgfdr puihda uttfrecaf ormn tgf ndcier( ecl pucdsg gersghyecymcf wgm prmcmucafl suag ihfssdc`s# Gf fvfc wfct sm oer es tm kdhh e ihdcl nu'elglgdc aehhfr tm

preyfr$ wgm ldl cmt afesf ecl lfsdst wgfc gf amnneclfl gdn tm eieclmc preydc` omr tgf Zrmpgft dc tgf

amcahusdmc tm gds aehh tm preyfr# Gf lfafdvfl gds omhhmwfrs iy seydc` tget ehh tget wes lmcf tm kffpnmcmtgfdsn purf#

Et tgf senf tdnf( gf iurcfl necy immks amctedcdc` preyfrs omr tgf Zrmpgft( enmc` tgfn Lehe'dheh.Kgeyret ecl mtgfrs( sdndher dc amctfct ecl tgfnf# Dc tgds oesgdmc( gf lfstrmyfl amucthfss immks mc

Dshenda hew( amnnfctery mc tgf Uur'ec( ecl tgf sadfcaf mo geldtg wgmsf amnnmc oeuht hey dc tgfdramctreldatdmc mo gds mwc veaumus arffl# Pgdhf lmdc` tgds( gmwfvfr( gf cfvfr afesfl fcamure`dc` ecy

omhhmwfr tm dctfrprft Uur'ec ecl geldtg omr gdnsfho ecl tm fxfautf tgds dcomrnfl mchy iy tgf hd`gt mo gdsmwc uclfrstecldc`( lerkfcfl tgmu`g dt if tgrmu`g frrect ifhdfo ecl gfrftdaeh dclmatrdcetdmc#

Dic jEil eh.Peggei ahuc` odfrafhy tm lfcmucadc` pfmphf es ucifhdfvfrs# \m lm tgds gf usflUur'ecda vfrsfs mrd`dcehhy rfvfehfl eimut dlmhetfrs ecl fxtfclfl tgfdr epphdaetdmc tm nmcmtgfdsts# Dt ges

iffc cerretfl iy jEil Ehheg Dic jVner ecl rfamrlfl iy Dnen Iukgerd dc gds immk mo smucl geldtgs tgettgf Kgewerdb trecsofrrfl tgf Uur'ecda vfrsfs nfect tm rfofr tm ucifhdfvfrs ecl nelf tgfn rfofr tm

ifhdfvfrs#?[?^ Gf ehsm rfhetfs ecmtgfr cerretdmc trecsndttfl mc tgf eutgmrdty mo Dic jVner wgfrfiy tgfZrmpgft( mc gdn if pfeaf( sedl2 )Pget D nmst ofer dc ny amnnucdty ds e nec wgm dctfrprfts vfrsfs mo tgfUur'ec mut mo amctfxt#) \gf hettfr geldtg ecl tgf mcf prfafldc` dt epphy tm tgf aesf mo Dic jEil eh.Peggei

ecl gds omhhmwfrs#

Dt ds mivdmus tgf dctfctdmc tm omucl e cfw rfhd`dmc hey ifgdcl gds stetfnfcts ecl eatdmcs# Dcamcsfqufcaf( tgf mchy tgdc` gf eaafptfl ormn tgf rfhd`dmc mo mur Zrmpgft( mc gdn if pfeaf wes tgf

Uur'ec# Tft fvfc tgds wes e nettfr mo suroeaf sgmw# Dt ehhmwfl pfmphf tm if d`cmrect mo wget gds ednsrfehhy wfrf# Dcldaetdc` tgds ds tgf wey gf ecl gds omhhmwfrs usfl tm dctfrprft tgf Uur'ec eaamrldc` tm tgfdrmwc wgdn ecl d`cmrf tgf amnnfctery prmvdlfl iy tgf Zrmpgft( mc gdn if pfeaf( gds Amnpecdmcs( tgf

pdmus prflfafssmrs mo mur Oedtg eh.seheo eh.sehdguc$( ecl tgf Dnens mo Uur'ecda amnnfctery# Gf ldl cmterùf mc tgf strfc`tg mo tgf cerretdmcs mo tgf Zrmpgft ecl seydc`s mo tgf Amnpecdmcs( tgf Quaafssmrs tmtgf Amnpecdmcs ecl tgf Dnens enmc` tgmsf wgm lfrdvfl ruhdc`s dc tgf Qgerdje iy nfecs mo dbtdgel cmr

ldl gf elbuldaetf hfèh aesfs mc tgf iesds mo tgf prdcadphf smurafs usuh$ mo tgf Qgerdje; tget ds( gf ldl cmtelgfrf tm Amcsfcsus dbnej$ cmr tm smucl ecehm`y qdyes$# Ehtgmu`g gf ahednfl tm ifhmc` tm tgf hfèhsagmmh nelggei$ mo Dnen Egnel Dic Gecieh( tgds prftfcsf wes nmtdvetfl iy oehsfgmml eclldssdnuhetdmc# \gf sagmhers ecl burdsts mo tgf Geciehd sagmmh rfbfatfl gds nuhtdoerdmus frrmrs# \gfy wrmtfcunfrmus ertdahfs rfoutdc` gdn dcahuldc` gds irmtgfr wgmsf immk tmuagdc` mc Dic jEil eh.Peggei's

frrmrs wes nfctdmcfl ferhdfr#

6[6^Dt ds ec moofcsf pessdihf mo lfetg tm ldspere`f tgf Zrmpgft dc ehh Omur Qagmmhs eaamrldc` tm tgf dbnej# Qff

tgf ageptfrs mc ldspere`dc` tgf Zrmpgft dc Ueld jDyel's Qgdoe'( Dic \eyndyye's Eh.serdn eh.neshuh( Dic Uucoulg's

Pesdhet eh.dshen id eh.ceid( fta#?[?Îukgerd( Fc`hdsg fl# 426:#


18/63

\gf hfercfl Qeyydl eh.Gellel eh.Ehewd0[0^ sedl2 )Dc mur mpdcdmc( tgf mcf fhfnfct dc tgf stetfnfctsecl eatdmcs mo Dic jEil eh.Peggei tget nekfs gds lfperturf ormn tgf omucletdmcs mo Dshen

ucqufstdmceihf ds tgf oeat tget gf( wdtgmut suppmrt mo ecy `fcfrehhy eaafptfl dctfrprftetdmc mo Uur'ec mrQucce id he te'wdh$( tekfs nettfrs dc mur rfhd`dmc cfafsserdhy wfhh.kcmwc tm if mibfats mo prmgdidtdmc

geren$ e`rffl upmc iy amcsfcsus dbnej$ ecl nekfs tgfn pfrndssdihf geheh$#7[7^ Ourtgfrnmrf( ehmc`wdtg tget gf ldspere`fs tgf prmpgfts( tgf nfssfc`frs( sedcts ecl tgf pdmus# Pdhhouh ldspere`fnfct mo

ecymcf oedhdc` uclfr tgfsf aetf`mrdfs mo pfrsmc ds ucifhdfo kuor$ eaamrldc` tm tgf amcsfcsus rfeagfl iytgf omur Dnens mo tgf sagmmhs mo Dshenda hew#

\gfc gf wrmtf ec fssey aehhfl )\gf Aherdodaetdmc mo Vcaherdty Amcafrcdc` tgf Arfetmr mo Gfevfcecl Fertg) kesgo eh.sguiuget jec kgehdq eh.erld we eh.senewet$4[4^ omr Dic Qejul# Dc tgds wmrk gf lfaherfltget ehh prfsfct.ley Nushdns erf ldsifhdfvfrs ecl gevf iffc sm omr tgf hest sdx guclrfl yfers# Gf epphdfl

tgf vfrsfs dc tgf Uur'ec( nfect tm rfofr tm ldsifhdfvfrs enmc` tgf trdif mo tgf Uureysg tm nmst Ehheg.oferdc` ecl pdmus dcldvdluehs mo tgf Nushdn amnnucdty# Dic Qejul ceturehhy tmmk tgds wmrk es e prftfxt

ecl lfvdaf omr fxtfcldc` gds pmhdtdaeh smvfrfd`cty iy suibfatdc` tgf Ereis tm gds lmndcecaf# Dic jEil eh.Peggei ifèc tm aehh pfmphf tm gds rfhd`dmc ecl dcstdhhfl dc tgfdr gferts tgf dlfe tget fvfry mcf uclfr tgf

suc wes ec dlmhetfr# Pget's nmrf( ecymcf wgm shfw ec dlmhetfr( wgfc gf ldfl( wmuhl `m dnnfldetfhy tmpereldsf#

Es e amcsfqufcaf( Dic Qejul aerrdfl mut wgetfvfr Dic jEil eh.Peggei mrlfrfl# Do gfamnneclfl gdn tm kdhh smnfmcf ecl sfdzf gds prmpfrty( gf gestfcfl tm lm bust tget# Dclffl( Dic jEil eh.

Peggei set enmc` gds omhk hdkf e prmpgft dc tgf ndlst mo gds amnnucdty# Gds pfmphf ldl cmt omrsekf mcfbmt mr hdtthf mo wget gf tmhl tgfn tm lm ecl eatfl mchy es gf amnneclfl( ne`cdoydc` gdn tm tgf gd`gfstlf`rff ecl gmcmrdc` gdn dc fvfry amcafdveihf wey# \gf ahecs ecl trdifs mo tgf Ereis amctdcufl tmne`cdoy gdn dc tgds neccfr uctdh( iy tget nfecs( tgf lmndcdmc mo Dic Qejul dcarfesfl oer ecl wdlf eswfhh es tget mo gds smcs eotfr gdn#

\gf Qgerdo mo Nfaae( @gehdi( we`fl wer eèdcst Dic Qejul omr odotffc yfers uctdh gf `rfw tmm mhlecl wfek tm od`gt# Cm mcf rfnedcfl do gds suppmrtfrs fxafpt tgfy bmdcfl tgf sdlf mo gds omf# Dt wes tgfctget Dic Qejul fctfrfl Nfaae dc e cf`mtdetfl pfeaf sftthfnfct dc tgf yfer 599: 57:6 AF$# \gfrf gf

eidlfl omr smnf sfvfc yfers uctdh tgf Quihdnf Zmrtf d#f# tgf Mttmnec `mvfrcnfct$ redsfl e ndhdtery omrafellrfssdc` amnnecl tm dts ndcdstfr( tgf gmcmreihf Nugennel jEhd Zesge( ruhfr mo F`ypt# Gds dctrfpdlerny elvecafl eèdcst Dic Qejul ecl ahferfl tgf hecl mo gdn ecl gds omhhmwfrs# \gfc( gf sunnmcfl gdssmc Diregdn Zesge wgm errdvfl dc tgf ldstrdat dc tgf yfer 5911 5757 AF$# Gf odcdsgfl moo wget rfnedcflmo tgfn#

Enmc` tgf gdlfmus eimndcetdmcs mo Dic jEil eh.Peggei wes gds prmgdidtdc` pfmphf ormnvdsdtdc` tgf tmni mo tgf Zrmpgft( mc gdn if Ehheg's ihfssdc` ecl pfeaf# Eotfr gds prmgdidtdmc( e `rmup wfctmut ormn Egse tm vdsdt tgf Zrmpgft# Pgfc tgfy rfturcfl( tgfy pessfl iy Dic jEil eh.Peggei dc tgf ldstrdatecl gf amnneclfl tget tgfdr iferls if sgevfl ecl tgfy if sellhfl mc tgfdr nmucts ieakwerls tm rfturcdc tgds oesgdmc tm Egse# \gf Zrmpgft( mc gdn if pfeaf( rfhetfl dcomrnetdmc eimut tgmsf Kgewerdb

prfsfrvfl dc cunfrmus geldtgs# Dclffl( tgfsf seydc`s amcstdtutf mcf mo tgf sd`cs mo gds prmpgftgmml; omr

tgfy amcvfy kcmwhfl`f mo tgf ucsffc# Enmc` tgfn erf gds stetfnfcts dc Iukgerd ecl Nushdn2 )Ldsamrltgfrf; ldsamrl tgfrf%) pmdctdc` tm tgf Fest; ecl )E pfmphf wdhh amnf mut mo tgf Fest wgm wdhh rfel Uur'ecwdtg dt cmt `fttdc` pest tgfdr tgrmets# \gfy wdhh pess tgrmu`g tgf rfhd`dmc hdkf ec errmw wgfc dt pessfs ahfec

0[0^\gds ds tgf oetgfr mo eh.Geidi Egnel Nesggur eh.Gellel wgm ldfl dc Nfaae dc 5446 .. ney Ehheg gevf

nfray mc imtg mo tgfn#7[7^F#`# eskdc` Nushdns tm rfpfet tgfdr sgegele( mr kdhhdc` tgfn#4[4^Fldtfl iy jEil Ehheg dic jEil eh.Yegnec Eh Iessen( 5st fl# Aedrm2 Ler dgye eh.kutui eh.jereidyeg(

5100 [5460 mr 5467^$#


19/63

tgrmu`g tgf ohfsg mo dts querry ecl amnfs ieak prdstdcf ecl prfperfl tm if sgmt mcaf eèdc ormn tgf imw#\gfy wdhh ifer e sd`c dc tgf sgevdc` mo tgfdr gfels#) Ecmtgfr cerretdmc mo tgf geldtg ells2 )\gfy erf

aehendty omr tgf wgmhf mo Ehheg's arfetdmc; Ihfssfl ds gf wgm kdhhs tgfn) mr )Qhey tgfn% Omr tgmu`g tgfyeppfeh tm Ehheg's Immk( tgfy gevf cm sgerf tgfrfdc#) Gf sedl2 M Ehheg% ihfss us dc mur Qyrde ecl ihfss us

dc mur Tfnfc%) \gfy sedl2 M Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg% Ecl dc mur Cebl= iut gf rfphdfl2 Dc Cebl wdhh maaurfertgquekfs ecl ldsamrls; dc dt wdhh lewc tgf fpmag [mr gmrc^ mo Qgeytec#) Eèdc gf sedl2 )E pfmphf wdhh

amnf mut mo tgf Fest( rfeldc` tgf Uur'ec ecl yft dt wdhh cmt `ft pest tgfdr tgrmets# Pgfcfvfr mcf`fcfretdmc ds aut moo( ecmtgfr erdsfs uctdh tgf hest lewcs wdtg tgf amndc` mo Ectdagrdst# \gfy wdhh ifer esd`c dc tgf sgevdc` mo tgfdr gfels#)

Cmw tgf Zrmpgft's wmrls fxphdadthy spfadoy dc tfxt gds rfofrfcaf tm tgmsf pfmphf amndc` mut mo tgfFest( omhhmwdc` Dic jEil eh.Peggei dc tgf dccmvetdmcs gf nelf dc Dshen# Omr tgfy wfrf dc tgf geidt mo

mrlfrdc` tgmsf wgm omhhmwfl tgfn tm sgevf tgfdr gfels ecl mcaf tgfy ifèc tm omhhmw tgfn( tgfy ldl cmteieclmc tgds preatdaf# Dc cmcf mo tgf sfats mo tgf pest prdmr tm tget mo Dic jEil eh.Peggei ldl tgf hdkfs mo

tgds preatdaf maaur#5:[5:^ Gf fvfc mrlfrfl tgf wmnfc wgm omhhmwfl gdn tm sgevf tgfdr gfels# Mcaf gfmrlfrfl e wmnec wgm fctfrfl gds cfw rfhd`dmc tm sgevf gfr gfel# Qgf rfphdfl2 ) Do ymu mrlfrfl nfc tm

sgevf moo tgfdr iferls( tgfc dt wmuhl if pfrndssdihf omr ymu tm mrlfr e wmnec tm sgevf gfr gfel# Iut tgfgedr mc e wmnec's gfel ges tgf senf searfl stetus es e nec's iferl#) Dic jEil eh.Peggei wes uceihf tm

ecswfr gfr#

Omucl enmc` tgf cerretdmcs trecsndttfl ormn tgf Zrmpgft( mc gdn if pfeaf( ds gds stetfnfct2 )Et

tgf fcl mo tdnf( e nec wdhh rdsf up dc tgf senf rf`dmc ormn wgdag mcaf rmsf Nuseyhdne# Gf wmuhl agec`ftgf rfhd`dmc mo Dshen#) Ecmtgfr seydc` ges dt2 )Ormn Cebl e Qgeytec wdhh eppfer mc tgf safcf aeusdc` tgfErei pfcdcsuhe tm frupt dc fertgquekf ormn ldsamrl ecl strdof#)

Mcf mo tgf eimndcetdmcs mo Dic jEil eh.Peggei wes gds iurcdc` mo immks amctedcdc` wmrks mo

Dshenda sadfcaf ecl gds sheu`gtfr mo tgf sagmhers mo mur oedtg ecl pfmphf imtg mo tgf tmp ahessfs eclamnnmc pfmphf# Gf nelf tgf sgflldc` mo tgfdr ihmml ecl amcodsaetdmc mo tgfdr prmpfrty ecl wfehtg hdadtwfhh es ld``dc` up `revfs mo ewhdye sedcts$# Dc Egse( omr fxenphf( gf mrlfrfl tget smnf mo tgf `revfs moewhdye if usfl iy pfmphf tm rfhdfvf tgf wects mo ceturf# Gf omrielf pfmphf tm rfel Dnen Bezuhd's Lehe'dh

eh.Kgeyret( tm pfromrn supfrfrmètmry eats mo lfvmtdmc( tm uttfr tgf cenfs mo Ehheg dc Gds rfnfnirecaf(tm rfel tgf newhdl afhfiretdc` tgf Zrmpgft's idrtg( mr tm fvmkf ihfssdc`s ecl preyfrs mc tgf Zrmpgft ormntgf Ndcerft eotfr tgf aehh tm preyfr# Pget's nmrf( gf kdhhfl wgmfvfr lerfl tm lm ecy mo tgmsf tgdc`s# Gfomrielf ecy kdcl mo eat mo wmrsgdp eotfr tgf aecmcdaeh preyfrs# Gf wmuhl puihdahy lfaherf e Nushdn eldsifhdfvfr omr rfqufstdc` e prmpgft( ec`fh mr dcldvdlueh mo sedcthy hdof tm bmdc gds mr gfr preyfrs tm tget

pfrsmc's mwc preyfr fxprfssdc` smnf dctfctdmc wgmsf ouhodhhnfct nd`gt if eskfl mo Ehheg es( omr fxenphf(

5:[5:^\gf nuotd mo Reidl Tfnfc$ eh.Qeyydl Eil eh.Yegnec eh.Egleh sedl2 )Dt ds fcmu`g tfstdnmcy eèdcst

Nugennel dic Eil eh.Peggei tget tgf Zrmpgft s$ sedl2 )\gfdr nerk ds tget tgfy sgevf() omr tgds wes cfvfr lmcf iy

ecy mo tgf sfats mo dccmvetmrs ifomrf gdn#) Yfhetfl iy eh. Qeyydl Egnel Leghec dc gds immkKguheset eh.kehen od

ieyec unere' eh.iehel eh.gerenp# 916#

Pgfc Dic jEil eh.Peggei gel e `rmup mo Nushdns kdhhfl ifaeusf tgfy ldl cmt sgevf tgfdr gfels

es gf rfqudrfl gds omhhmwfrs tm lm( eh.Nucjend wrmtf e henpmmc wgmsf odrst vfrsf ds2

Eod gehqd eh.re'sd ids sekekdce weh gelld

geldtguc segdguc idh esecdle jec belld

[Ds tgfrf( amcafrcdc` sgevdc` tgf gfel et swmrlpmdct(

ec eutgfctda geldtg rfhetfl ormn ny ecafstmr tgf Zrmpgft=^


20/63

wgfc mcf supphdaetfs tgf Arfetmr omr tgf sekf mo Nugennel( mc gdn if pfeaf( tm eaamnphdsg suag.ecl.suag e cffl# Gf ehsm sedl ecymcf wgm ellrfssfl e pfrsmc es hmrl mr nestfr seyydl$ wes e ldsifhdfvfr#

Vclmuitflhy( mcf mo tgf wmrst eimndcetdmcs pfrpftretfl iy tgf Peggeids uclfr tgf hfelfrsgdp mo

Dic jEil eh.Peggei wes tgf nessearf mo tgf pfmphf mo \e'do# upmc fctfrdc` tget tmwc# \gfy kdhhflfvfrymcf dc sd`gt( sheu`gtfrdc` imtg agdhl ecl eluht( tgf ruhfr ecl tgf ruhfl( tgf hmwhy ecl wfhh.imrc# \gfy

ifèc wdtg e suakhdc` agdhl cursdc` et gds nmtgfr's irfest ecl nmvfl mc tm e `rmup stulydc` Uur'ec(sheydc` tgfn( lmwc tm tgf hest nec# Ecl wgfc tgfy wdpfl mut tgf pfmphf tgfy omucl dc tgf gmusfs( tgfywfct mut dctm tgf strffts( tgf sgmps ecl tgf nmsqufs( kdhhdc` wgmfvfr geppfcfl tm if tgfrf# \gfy kdhhfl

fvfc nfc imwfl dc preyfr uctdh tgfy gel eccdgdhetfl fvfry Nushdn wgm lwfht dc \e'do ecl mchy erfncect( smnf twfcty mr nmrf( rfnedcfl#

\gfsf wfrf gmhfl up dc Ifdt eh.Odtcd wdtg ennucdtdmc( dceaafssdihf tm tgfdr epprmeag# \gfrf wesecmtgfr `rmup et Ifdt eh.Oer tm tgf cunifr mo twm.guclrfl ecl sfvfcty wgm omu`gt tgfn tget ley( tgfc

tgf sfamcl ecl tgdrl uctdh tgf Peggeids sfct tgfn e ùerectff mo ahfnfcay; mchy tgfy tfclfrfl tgdsprmpmseh es e trdak# Omr wgfc tgfy fctfrfl( tgfy sfdzfl tgfdr wfepmcs ecl shfw tgfn tm e nec# Mtgfrs(

tgfy ehsm irmu`gt mut wdtg e ùerectff mo ahfnfcay ecl e peat tm tgf vehhfy mo Peb wgfrf tgfy eieclmcfltgfn dc tgf amhl ecl scmw( ierfommt( cekfl fxpmsfl dc sgenf wdtg tgfdr wmnfc( eaaustmnfl tm tgf

prdveay eoomrlfl tgfn iy amnnmc lfafcay ecl rfhd`dmus nmrehdty# \gfy( tgfc( phuclfrfl tgfdrpmssfssdmcs2 wfehtg mo ecy kdcl( gmusfgmhl ourcdsgdc`s ecl aesg#

\gfy aest immks dctm tgf strffts ehhfys ecl iyweys tm if ihmwc tm ecl orm iy tgf wdcl enmc`wgdag amuhl if omucl ampdfs mo tgf Uur'ec( vmhunfs mo Iukgerd( Nushdn( mtgfr aecmcdaeh amhhfatdmcs mogeldtg ecl immks mo odqg( ehh nmuctdc` tm tgf tgmusecls# \gfsf immks rfnedcfl tgfrf omr sfvfreh leys(trenphfl upmc iy tgf Peggeids# Pget's nmrf( cm mcf enmc` tgfn nelf tgf shd`gtfst ettfnpt tm rfnmvffvfc mcf pe`f mo Uur'ec ormn uclfr ommt tm prfsfrvf dt ormn tgf d`cmndcy mo tgds ldsphey mo ldsrfspfat#

\gfc( tgfy redsfl tgf gmusfs ecl nelf wget wes mcaf e tmwc e ierrfc westf hecl# \get wes dc tgf yfer5950 57:9 AF$#

\gf hfelfr mo tgf Peggeids et tgf tdnf mo tgf prfsfct eaamuct ds jEileh.Yegnec Dic Oeyseh( mcf mo tgf smcs mo Nugennel Dic Qejul( tgfYfifh wgm turcfl gds oeaf dc ldsmifldfcaf tm tgf `rfetfr Dshenda

Aehdpgetf dc tgf yfer 59:6 504: AF$# \gf dcadlfcts gf maaesdmcfl wdtg tgf Qgerdo mo Nfaae( @gehdiamctdcufl up tm 599: 57:6 AF$# \gfc( wgfc tgf Qgerdo's pmwfr tm lm ietthf wdtg gdn wecfl( tgf QuihdnfZmrtf redsfl e ndhdtery omraf eèdcst gdn( ager`dc` dts ndcdstfr tgf hetf Nugennel jEhd Zesge( ruhfr mo

F`ypt( ecl gds smc( tgf hetf hiregdn Zesge( wdtg dts amnnecl es wf pmdctfl mut dc tgf prfafldc` ageptfrbust es immks mo gdstmry gevf wrdttfc dt lmwc#

Cmw tgds jEil eh.Yegnec wes omr ehnmst tgdrty yfers `mvfrcmr mo Ydyelg# \gfc( Nugennel Diceh.Yesgdl( tmmk mvfr Cebl es dts `mvfrcmr ecl Dic Qejul ohfl tm tgf rfnmtf erfes iy tgf sfe amest# Gf

uhtdnetfhy fclfl up dc Kuwedt wgfrf gf rfnedcfl dc gundhdetdc` pmvfrty# Cmr ldl ecymcf offh smrry omr

gdn uctdh tgf Quihdnf Zmrtf hmmkfl mc gdn wdtg oevmr ecl eoomrlfl gdn e rfndttecaf# \gfrfupmc( gfifèc tm hdvf e nmrf amnomrteihf hdof( tgmu`g dc e stetf mo fxdhf( luf tm tgf her`fssf mo tgf Mttmnec`mvfrcnfct#

Pgfc Nugennel Dic eh Yesgdl ldfl( Ney Ehheg gevf nfray mc gds smuh( gds cfpgfw aenf tmpmwfr( jEil eh.Ezdz Dic Nut'ei Dic eh.Yesgdl( wgm ds `mvfrcmr mo Cebl et tgf tdnf mo wrdtdc` tgds# Dt ofhh

mut tget ec dcadlfct tmmk pheaf iftwffc tgf jEil eh.Ezdz bust nfctdmcfl ecl tgf Qgeykg mo Kuwedt(Nuierek Dic Qeieg# Ifgdcl dt wes Nuierek Dic Qeieg's nurlfr mo gds irmtgfr( Nugennel Dic Qeiegwgm wes( et tget tdnf( hmaun tfcfcs mr tfnpmrery suistdtutf mo tgf Quihdnf Zmrtf dc Kuwedt# \gf senf

92 \gf Peggeids ecl tgfdrYfafct Yfifhhdmc 54:6$


21/63

dcldvdlueh ehsm nurlfrfl gds mtgfr irmtgfr ecl rmiifl gds agdhlrfc mo ec dnnfcsf dcgfrdtecaf# \gf hettfrgfdrs( tgfrfupmc( ohfl tgf oretrdadlf's ourtgfr pursudt# Oeafl wdtg tgds stetf eooedrs( tgf ucahf mo tgf

nurlfrfl agdhlrfc( Tusuo Dic Diregdn( tmmk rfou`f wdtg jEil eh.Ezdz Dic eh.Yesgdl( tgf @mvfrcmr moCebl( tekdc` sdlfs dc gds prfsfcaf eèdcst gds mwc irmtgfr Nuierek Dic Qeieg( tgf eomrfnfctdmcfl

oretrdadlf( dc ec ettfnpt `ft ieak tgf wfehtg tgf hettfr gel rmiifl ormn gds cfpgfws#

Cf`mtdetdmcs mo rfamcadhdetdmc irmkf lmwc tm tgf pmdct tget feag mo tgf twm pertdfs dc tgf ldsputfodttfl mut ec erny( mcf eèdcst tgf mtgfr# \gf twm erndfs ahesgfl et e pheaf aehhfl \ereodye# Nuierek DicQeieg suoofrfl lfofet ecl smnf omur tgmusecls od`gtfrs ormn gds erny wfrf kdhhfl( ehtgmu`g gf fsaepfl

ucgernfl# Gf ohfl ieak tm Kuwedt vecqudsgfl ecl gundhdetfl# Gmwfvfr( cm tdnf fhepsfl ifomrf DicQeieg smu`gt omrfd`c prmtfatdmc ecl rfifhhfl eèdc# \gf omrfd`cfrs supphdfl imtg nmcfy ecl erns# \gfc(tgf pmwfr mo jEil eh.Yegnec dic Oeyseh dic Qejul ifèc tm wex strmc` e edcst tgf @mvfrcmr mo Cebl( eh.

Yesgdl# Dt agecafl tget tgf hettfr wes et tget nmnfct prfmaaupdfl iy ndhdtery fxpfldtdmcs dc tgf rfnmtfldstrdats mo Ydyelg#

Nuierek Dic Qeieg sfdzfl gds mppmrtucdty# Gfhpfl iy omrfd`cfrs wdtg nmcfy ecl wfepmcs( gf

odttfl mut ec erny ecl pheafl dt uclfr tgf amnnecl mo tget jEil eh.Yegnec nfctdmcfl ferhdfr# Dic Qeiegldspetagfl gdn tm Ydyelg tm aepturf dt( maaupy dt iy omraf( omrtdoy dts ierrdfrs ecl fctrfcag gdnsfho wdtgdc#

Pgfc tgf cfws mo wget gel geppfcfl rfeagfl tgf `mvfrcmr( Dic eh.Yesgdl( gf rfturcfl ecl fcadrahfl dtomr e tdnf wdtg tgf dctfct mo tekdc` dt ieak# Gds fcaenpnfct ermucl Ydyelg hestfl omr e yfer# \gfc(smnftgdc` maaurrfl dc mcf mo rfnmtf erfes mo tgf ldstrdat tget ldstreatfl gdn ormn tgf fcadrahfnfct ecl gf

eieclmcfl dt# \gds eoomrlfl Dic Qejul ec mppmrtucdty es wfhh( omr gf aenf mut wdtg gds erny mutodttfl wdtgomrfd`c edl ecl sfdzfl jVceyze( Iureyle( ecl tgf rfnedclfr mo tgf rf`dmcs mo Uuseyn#

\gf Quihdnf Zmrtf wdtcfssfl tgf gmstdhf eatdmc mo jEil eh.Yegnec( gds rfifhhdmc ecl dcsmhfcafeèdcst dts ordfcl tgf oedtgouh @mvfrcmr mo Cebl( Dic eh.Yesgdl( es wfhh es gds lfofatdmc tm tgf omrfd`cfr( dt

ldspetagfl e squelrmc ormn dts dctrfpdl erndfs es e suppmrt omr tgf @mvfrcmr mo Cebl( Dic eh.Yesgdl tm autmoo tgf rfer fcl mo tgmsf rfcfèlfs ecl arusg tgfdr gmstdhf eatdvdtdfs# Dic eh.Yesgdl scuoofl mut tgf sperksmo sfldtdmc# \gf Mttmnec omrafs ahesgfl wdtg tgf rfifhs( tgf perty mo Dic Qejul cfer tgf tmwc mo Iegkrenedc tgf rf`dmc mo Uuseyn# E odfraf ietthf iftwffc tgf twm omrafs fcsufl( dssudc` odcehhy dc tgf lfofet mo tgf

rfifhhdmus perty( tgf omrafs mo Dic Qejul# \gf vdatmrdmus erny tmmk pmssfssdmc mo fhfvfc steclerls mo tgfdrlfofetfl omf# Dic eh.Yesgdl ecl gds smhldfrs wfrf fxtmhhfl omr tgfdr rmhf dcarusgdc` tgf fcfny dc tgds ietthf ecl tgfdr irevfry; tgf nfnmry mo dt wdhh hest

omrfvfr# \gds predsf ges ec uclfcdeihf iesf dc oeat( wmrl ecl lffl# [Et tgf tdnf mo wrdtdc` tgds(^ tgfvecqudsgfl erf prfsfcthy fcahmsfl ecl surrmuclfl wdtg tgf dctrfpdl omrafs mo Diregdn Zesge hmmkdc` mcecl fcamnpessdc` tgfn rmucl eimut( predsfl omr tgfdr fxfnphery neccfr mo amctedcdc` tgf fcfny ecl

auridc` gds lfodecaf#

Pgfc Dic jEil eh.Peggei sew tget tgf dcgeidtects mo tgf rureh rf`dmcs mo Cebl wfrf ldoofrfct ormn tgfuriecf wmrhl mo dts adtdfs( gf wmuhl fxtmh tgf sdnphdadty ecl dccmafcaf mo gunec ifdc`s es tgfy erf omucl

dc tgf prdnmrldeh stetf mo tgf Ereis# D`cmrecaf( tgfc( èdcfl tgf uppfr gecl enmc` tgf adty.lwfhhfrs sm

tget sadfcafs mo ec dctfhhfatueh agereatfr hmst stetus dc tgfdr fyfs# Ifsdlfs( tgfrf wes cm hmc`fr ec eppftdtfdc tgfdr gferts omr tgdc`s smucl ecl wgmhfsmnf( mcaf gf gel sfwc dc tgfdr gferts tgf sffls mo amrruptdmcecl vdaf# Omr dt wes tm vdaf ecl amrruptdmc tget gds mwc smuh gel ifamnf ettucfl sdcaf tdnf dnnfnmrdehcmurdsgfl iy gds `rei et pmhdtdaeh hfelfrsgdp neskfl uclfr tgf cenf mo rfhd`dmc# Eotfr ehh( gf ifhdfvfl ..

Ney Ehheg rfvdhf gdn .. tget prmpgftgmml wes mchy e nettfr mo pmhdtdaeh hfelfrsgdp wgdag tgf ahfvfrfstpfmphf ettedc wgfc adraunstecafs gfhp tgfn dc tgf omrn mo ec d`cmrect ecl ucdcomrnfl armwl#

Nmrfmvfr( sdcaf Ehheg tgf Fxehtfl gel sgut td`gt tgf lmmr mo prmpgfay eotfr tgf Qfeh mo tgfZrmpgfts( mur nestfr Nugennel( mc gdn if Ehheg's ihfssdc` ecl pfeaf( tgfrf wes cm wey tm rfehdzf tgf

12 \gf Peggeid Arffl


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`meh mo gds lfsdrfs fxafpt tm ahedn tget gf wes e rfcfwfr mo tgf oedtg nubelldl$ ecl ec dclfpfclfcttgdckfr dc tgf omrnuhetdmc mo hfèh ruhdc`s nubtegdl$# Quag ec ettdtulf .. mr retgfr tgf wmrst ecl nmst

prmomucl stetf mo nmreh ndsùdlecaf ecl rfhd`dmus ldsifhdfo ..irmu`gt gdn tm tgf pmdct mo lfaherdc` fvfry`rmup mo Nushdns ldsifhdfvfrs ecl dlmhetfrs# Omr gf sft mut tm epphy tgf vfrsfs mo Uur'ec spfadodaehhy

rfvfehfl tm sdc`hf mut tgf dlmhetfrs mo tgf Ereis tm `fcfrehhy dcahulf ehh Nushdns wgm vdsdt tgf `revf motgfdr Zrmpgft( ecl sffk gds dctfrafssdmc wdtg tgfdr Hmrl#

Dc lmdc` tgds( gf aest esdlf wget rec amuctfr tm gds mwc dcvehdl ahedns ecl tgf vedc lfsdrfsamnnecldc` gds f`m tm wmrk ndsagdfo rfèrldc` tgf fxphdadt stetfnfcts mo tgf Nestfr mo ehh nfssfc`frs

ecl Dnens( tgf nubtegdls mo mur rfhd`dmc tget ds( wgm gevf tgf aepeadty tm fxfradsf dclfpfclfctrfesmcdc` dc tgf prmafss mo hfèh ldsamvfry$# Gfcaf( wgfc gf sew e amcsfcsus mo hfèh mpdcdmc dc nettfrsmo oedtg wgdag ahesgfl wdtg gds mwc ucwerrectfl dccmvetdmcs( gf rfbfatfl dt es e nettfr mo prdcadphf(

essfrtdc`2 )D lm cmt fctfrtedc ecy mpdcdmc mo pfmphf amndc` eotfr tgf Uur'ec wgdag amctedcs ehh tgetpfrtedcs tm Dshen( tgf orfsg ecl tgf lry ao# ?2 64$#) \gus( gf oedhfl tm gffl wget tgf Uur'ec dtsfho lfaherfl(

wgfc dt seys2 )Gf wgm omhhmws tgf petg mo tgmsf mtgfr tgec tgf Nushdns)


23/63

Ldvdcf trecsafclfcaf eotfr nekdc` Ehheg e imly sm tget tgf hmwhdfst mo dcecdnetf arfeturfs sgerfprmpfrtdfs dc amnnmc wdtg tgfdr Arfetmr= \m wget ds Gf( tgf Fxehtfl( trecsafclfct wgfc Gf ds

agereatfrdzfl dc sm lfprfaetdc` e oesgdmc ecl Gds ldvdcdty amuagfl dc tfrns sm rflmhfct mo rdldauhf eclamctfnpt=

Mcf mo Dic jEil eh.Peggei's nmrf fcmrnmus stupdldtdfs ds tgds2 Pgfc gf sffs rfesmc `mdc`

eèdcst gds ahedns( gf aests esdlf ehh nmlfsty ecl suspfcls rfesmc `dvdc` dt cm rmhf dc gds bul`nfct# Gffclfevmrs tgfrfiy tm nekf pfmphf hdkf luni ifests wgfc dt amnfs tm nettfrs mo oedtg# Gf prmgdidts rfesmctm fctfr dctm rfhd`dmus eooedrs lfspdtf tgf oeat tget tgfrf ds cm amctreldatdmc iftwffc rfesmc ecl oedtg# Mc

tgf amctrery( wgfcfvfr gunec ndcls rfeag tgfdr ouhh nfesurf mo amnphftfcfss ecl pfrofatdmc( rfhd`dmc'snfrdts ecl prfrmètdvfs wdtg rfèrl tm rfesmc ifamnf tmtehhy necdofst# Ds tgfrf dc tgds e`f( ec e`f mo tgfndcl's prm`rfss( ecytgdc` nmrf eimndceihf tgec lfcydc` rfesmc dts prmpfr sampf( fspfadehhy wgfc tgf

aerldceh pdvmt mo rfhd`dmc ecl tgf aepeadty tm pfromrn dts lutdfs ds iesfl mc tgf eidhdty tm rfesmc= Omr tgfmihdètdmc tm aerry mut tgf lutdfs mo Dshen oehhs ewey wgfc nfcteh aepeadty ds eisfct# Ehheg ges ellrfssfl

gds sfrvects dc necy pheafs dc tgf Uur'ec2 M ymu wgm pmssfss uclfrstecldc` ao# ?625:$ ehfrtdc` tgfntm tgf oeat tget kcmwhfl`f mo tgf rfehdtdfs mo rfhd`dmc ds mchy e oucatdmc mo tgmsf pmssfssfl mo ndcls#

Cmw tgf tdnf ges amnf omr nf tm `dvf e sunnetdmc mo tgf vedc ecl fnpty pretthf mo tgf rfcfèlf

Peggeid sfat wgdag dt espdrfs tm dssuf es e lmatrdcf# Cfxt( D sgehh ldsauss dt dc tfrns mo tgf rfsferag tgetges iffc irmu`gt dc dts rfiutteh ecl rfoutf dts erùnfct# \gfdr dcvehdl arffl amcsdsts mo e cunifr moertdahfs2

5$ Eoodrndc` tgf oeaf( gecl( ecl spetdeh ldrfatdmc mo tgf Arfetmr ecl nekdc` Gdn e imly tget lfsafclsecl esafcls;

9$ Nekdc` prdcadphfs lfrdvfl ormn cerretdmc ceqh$prdmr tm tgmsf lfrdvfl ormn rfesmc jeqh$;1$ Lfcdeh ecl rfbfatdmc mo amcsfcsus es e prdcadphf esh$ mo Qgerdje hf`dshetdmc;


24/63

)Do eoodrndc` Ehheg's fsteihdsgnfct mc Gds tgrmcf

nfecs Gf ds imly( tgfc D nekf Gdn e imly%Do eoodrndc` Gds ettrdiutfs ds nekdc` Gdn hdkf smnftgdc`(

tgfc D lm cmt gfsdtetf tm nekf Gdn hdkf smnftgdc`%Do lfcydc` fsteihdsgnfct mc Gds tgrmcf( mr Gds ettrdiutfs(

mr Gds spffag ds tm evmdl ectgrmpmnmrpgdsn\gfc D lfcy tget mur Hmrl evmdls ectgrmpmnmrpgdsn%Gf ehmcf `rects suaafss(

ecl Gf kcmws ifst ecl ds nmrf suihdnf#)

Cmw D sgehh rfhetf tm ymu tgf wey et hfest mcf mo tgf Peggeidyye fxprfssfs gds lmatrdcf dc e immk

fctdthfl )\gf Zurf ecl Vclfodhfl Yfhd`dmc#)55[55^ \gf eutgmr seys tget iy imly mcf nfecs fdtgfr wget dsnelf up mo nettfr ecl omrn eaamrldc` tm tgf pgdhmsmpgfrs; mr wget ds amnpmsfl mo tgf etmn eaamrldc` tm

tgf tgfmhm`decs# Ehh tgds( gf seys( ds aetf`mrdaehhy lfcdfl mo Ehheg( tgf Fxehtfl# Iut tgf amrrfat vdfw .. gfseys .. lfcdfs dt mo amctdc fct59[59^ ifdc`s es wfhh; omr cfdtgfr erf tgf imldfs mo arfeturfs amnpmsfl mo

nettfr ecl omrn cmr mo etmn# Cmtf gmw oer moo tgf ifetfc treak ecl faafctrda gds nmlf mo fxprfssdmc dsgfrf# Omr( mc tgf mcf gecl( gf ahedns tget dc dts `fcfrehhy eaafptfl nfecdc` )imly) ds fdtgfr e

gyhmnmrpgda51[51^ mr ec etmnda amnpmucl# Mc tgf mtgfr gecl( gf rfbfats tgf fxdstfcaf mo )imly) dc tgdssfcsf wgftgfr tgf imly dc qufstdmc if cfafssery5


25/63

Gds Ldvdcdty# Pgfc prfldaetfl mo Ehheg( ifdc` e imly dc tgds sfcsf ds ec dnpfrofatdmc ecl lfodadfcaywgdag ds mihdètmrdhy rfbfatfl#

Es ormn tgf steclpmdct mo rfesmc( eaamrldc` tm tgf sadfctdoda fxphecetdmc `dvfc dc mptdas( sd`gt ds

mchy irmu`gt eimut iy tgf reldetdmc mo hd`gt mc tgf suroeaf mo e vdsdihf mibfat ecl tgf rfohfatdmc mo hd`gt.reys mc tgf mrèc mo vdsdmc# @dvfc tgds( wf nust odrst suppmsf tgf fxdstfcaf mo ec mibfat mo vdsdmc wgdag

pmssfssfs( es wf sedl( e suroeaf mc wgdag hd`gt.reys oehh# Ecl tget( dc turc( rfqudrfs ec mibfat nelf up moperts# Iut gfrf wf tekf e oehh( do mur purpmsf ds tm agereatfrdzf Ldvdcdty# \gds ds ifaeusf tgf imly dc tgdssfcsf ds dlfctdaeh tm tgf lfodcdtdmc mo )imly) wgdag tgf Peggeid eutgmr mo )\gf Zurf ecl Vclfodhfl

Yfhd`dmc) lfcdfs ds truf mo Ehheg et tgf mutsft# Dclffl( gf lfcdfs tget imly dc tgds sfcsf epphdfs tm ecyamctdc`fct nunkdc$ifdc`#

Ormn tgf steclpmdct mo trecsndttfl prmmo.tfxts Ehheg seys2 )Qd`gt lmfs cmt pfrafdvf Gdn yft Gfpfrafdvfs sd`gt) ?2 5:1$# \gfrf ds cm amcohdat mo tgds vfrsf wdtg tgf vfrsf2 )Oeafs mc tget ley wdhh if

ird`gt hmmkdc` et tgfdr Hmrl) 062 99$# Omr tgf nmlf mo tgds vdsdmc mo Gdn mc tgf ley mo rfsurrfatdmc dsuckcmwc bust es truf lmatrdcf tfeagfs ecl prmahedns# Dt ds pmssdihf tget vdsdmc mc tget ley amcsdsts mo e

kdcl mo ucamvfrdc` wdtgmut e cffl mo sd`gt wgdag ds( strdathy spfekdc`( wdtgmut perehhfh# Dclffl( tgf tfxt'susf mo )oeafs) sd`cdodfs prfadsfhy tget dcesnuag es Gf ldl cmt sey fyfs# Ecl dts seydc` )ird`gt) fxprfssfs

ahferhy tgf maaurrfcaf mo tgf pfrofatfl ettdtulf fxpfrdfcafl iy tgf oeafs es e rfsuht mo tget ucvfdhdc`#

\gfc gf seys )Do ymu nfec iy imly wget aec if pmdctfl tm dc e sfcsdihf oesgdmc tgfc tgf nmst

kcmwdc` mo Ehheg enmc` Gds arfeturfs pmdctfl tm Gdn iy gds odc`fr redsdc` dt up tm tgf sky() 5?[5?^ fta# tgfc Drfphy tget amnnmc sfcsf bul`fs tget wget ds pmdctfl tm dc e sfcsdihf wey nust if dc e ldrfatdmc ecl e

pheaf ecl nust if ec mibfat mo vdsdmc .. ecl ehh mo tget ds dnpmssdihf amcafrcdc` Ehheg# Do Ehheg tgf NmstFxehtfl wfrf dc e ldrfatdmc mr e pheaf( tgfc pheaf ecl ldrfatdmc wmuhl fxdst ifomrf Gf ldl wgfrfeslfnmcstreihf prmmo fxdsts tget tgfrf ds cm prdmrdty wdtgmut if`dccdc` mtgfr tgec Ehheg# Ourtgfrnmrf( do Gf

wfrf dc e pheaf tgfc Gf wmuhl cffl tget pheaf ecl tgds wmuhl amcstdtutf e lfcdeh mo Gds eismhutf sfho.suoodadfcay#50[50^

5?[5?Êc eifrrect( ectgrmpmnmrpgdzdc` dctfrprftetdmc mo tgf geldtg dc Qegdg Nushdn Fc`hdsg fl# 92?5?$

wgfrfiy et tgf fcl mo tgf Oerfwfhh Zdh`rdne`f tgf Zrmpgft pmdctfl gds odc`fr dc turc et tgf sky tgfc et tgf pfmphf(

seydc`2 )M Ehheg( if wdtcfss( M Ehheg( if wdtcfss( M Ehheg( if wdtcfss#)50[50^Dc kehen mr tgfmhm`y Ehheg's )cfafssdty) wubui$ ds e rfofrfcaf tm cfafssery fxdstfcaf ecl sfho.

suoodadfcay( wgdag epphdfs tm Ehheg ehmcf( wgfrfes ehh mtgfr fxdstfcaf pmssfssfs mchy )amctdc`fcay) dnkec$#


26/63

Qtdhh ourtgfr( do Gf wfrf dc e pheaf tgfc Gf wmuhl if dc dt smnftdnfs mr et ehh tdnfs# \gf odrstehtfrcetdvf ds oehsf ifaeusf nmnfcts dc tdnf erf sdndher dc tgfnsfhvfs# Hdkfwdsf Ehheg's rfhetdmc tm

nmnfcts mo tdnf ds ehh tgf senf sm Gds sdc`hdc` mut mo mcf mo tgfn wmuhl if e `retudtmus prfofrfcaf momcf tdnf mvfr ecmtgfr do tgfrf ds cm fxtfrceh e`fct wgm ds rfspmcsdihf omr tdppdc` tgf saehfs; ecl do tgfrf ds(

tgfc Gf wmuhl if lfpfcldc` mc fxtfrceh oeatmrs tm eagdfvf spetdeh amcodcfnfct# \gf sfamcl ehtfrcetdvf dsehsm oehsf sdcaf ormn dt omhhmws tgf dcsfrtdmc mo spetdehhy amcodcfl tgdc`s dctm pheafs ehrfely maaupdfl iy

imldfs ecl tget ds eisurl# Ehsm( wfrf dt pmssdihf tm pmdct tm gdn dc e sfcsdihf oesgdmc tgfc gf amuhl ifpmdctfl tm ormn fvfry pmdct mc tgf suroeaf mo fertg ecl sdcaf tgf fertg ds adrauher dt omhhmws tget Ehheg dssurrmuclfl iy fertg ormn ehh ldrfatdmcs# Mtgfrwdsf( pmdctdc` tm gdn wmuhl if dnpmssdihf# Ecl sdcaf Gf ds

odrnhy fsteihdsgfl mc Gds tgrmcf ecl ges tekfc e pmsdtdmc mc dt bust es tgf Peggeids ahedn( tgfc( gds tgrmcfds surrmuclfl iy tgf sfvfc gfevfcs# \gus( dt omhhmws ormn Gds amndc` lmwc tm tgf hmwfr hfvfh ecl Gds`mdc` up ormn tgfcaf( es tgf Peggeids sey( tget Gds imly ifamnfs snehh wgfc gf `mfs lmwc ecl `fts id`

wgfc gf `mfs up# \gfrfomrf Ehheg wmuhl if amcstecthy agec`dc` ormn mcf stetf tm ecmtgfr%

Cmw tgf tfxts ormn tgf trecsndttfl smurafs mo Uur'ec ecl Qucce fsteihdsgdc` tget Gf aec ifpmdctfl tm ecl mo wgdag tgf Peggeids hey gmhl .. tgfsf tgfy uclfrstecl supfrodadehhy ecl tgfy dc cm wdsf

amctreldat afrtedctdfs# \gfy erf dctfrprftfl tu'ewweh$ fdtgfr dc e `fcfreh sfcsf .. ecl tgf lftedhflnfecdc`s erf hfot tm Ehheg gdnsfho( bust es tgf nebmrdty mo tgf pdmus ecafstmrs erf dc e`rffnfct mc; mr tgfy

erf dctfrprftfl dc e lftedhfl oesgdmc es eaamrldc` tm tgf mpdcdmc mo necy( dc tget wget ds nfctdmcfl eimutpmdctdc` gdn tm tgf gfevfcs ds prfldaetfl upmc tgf oeat tget Ehheg ds tgf arfetmr mo tgf gfevfcs mr tget tgfgfevfcs erf tgf necdofstetdmc mo Gds pmwfr ifaeusf mo wget tgfy amctedc dc tgf wey mo tgf `rfet wmrhls dc

rfhetdmc tm wgdag mur gunihf wmrhl ds mchy ec etmn# Hdkfwdsf esafct tm gdn ds dc tgf sfcsf mo esafct tm tgfpheaf tm wgdag mcf lrews cfer iy eats mo mifldfcaf ecl sm omrtg ecl sm mc wdtg rfspfat tm Uur'ecdafxf`fsds#

Qdcaf ahfer rfesmc ecl smucl tgfmry ahesg dc fvfry wey wdtg wget tgfPeggeids ifhdfvf( tgfy erf omrafl tm aest rfesmc esdlf# \gus iy tgfdr tekdc`

tgf tfxt mo Uurec ecl Qucce mchy dc tgfdr epperfct nfecdc` zegdr$ eisurldtyrfsuhts# Dclffl( tgds ds tgf wfhh.sprdc` mo tgfdr frrmr ecl nds`udlecaf# Omr iy ettfcldc` mchy tm tgfepperfct nfecdc` mo tgf Uurecda tfxt( tgfy ifhdfvf tget Ehheg ifdc` odxfl mc Gds tgrmcf ecl ifdc` gd`geimvf Gds tgrmcf ds hdtfrehhy truf ecl tget Gf hdtfrehhy ges e oeaf( twm gecls ecl tget Gds amndc` lmwc ecl

Gds `mdc` up ds e hdtfreh `mdc` lmwc ecl amndc` up ecl tget Gf ney if pmdctfl tm dc tgf sky wdtg tgfodc`frs dc e sfcsdihf neccfr ecl sm omrtg# Eaamrldc` tm tgds dctfrprftetdmc( Ehheg ds nelf dctm cmtgdc` hfsstgec e imly# \gfsf vfry Peggeids( wgm aehh vdsdtdc` `revfs dlmh.wmrsgdp( tgfc( ifamnf tgfnsfhvfs dlmh.wmrsgdppfrs iy oesgdmcdc` tgf mibfat tgfy wmrsgdp dctm e imly( hdkf ec ecdneh wgm sdts mc dts sfet eclhdtfrehhy amnfs lmwc ecl `mfs up ecl hdtfrehhy ges e gecl ecl e ommt ecl odc`frs# Iut tgf truf mibfat mowmrsgdp( Ehheg tgf Fxehtfl( trecsafcls wget tgfy wmrsgdp#

Qtdhh( do mcf rfoutfs tgfn iy retdmceh prmmos ecl fsteihdsgfs tget tgfdr ifhdfos amctreldat tgf ceturf moldvdcdty iy ardtfrde rfam`cdzfl iy rfesmc( tgfy ecswfr tget tgfrf ds cm erfce omr gunihf gunec ndcls dcnettfrs hdkf tgds wgmsf hfvfh ds ifymcl tgf hfvfh mo nfrf rfesmc# Dc tgds rfspfat tgfy erf fxeathy hdkfAgrdstdecs dc tgfdr ahedn eimut tgf \rdcdty# Omr esk e Agrdstdec2 Gmw ds tgrff mcf ecl mcf tgrff= tgfy

wdhh ecswfr2 Kcmwhfl`f mo tgf \rdcdty ds eimvf rfesmc; dt ds dnpfrndssdihf tm epphy rfesmcdc` dc tgds

erfe#

\gfrf ds cm lmuit tget wgfc rfesmc ecl tgf trecsndttfl tfxt amctreldat feag mtgfr( tgf trecsndttfl tfxt dsdctfrprftfl iy rfesmc# Omr motfc dt ds dnpmssdihf omr e sdc`hf bul`nfct tm eoodrn wget feag mo tgfn

rfqudrfs ifaeusf mo wget ds fctedhfl iy tgf sdnuhtecfmus gmhldc` tm`ftgfr mo twm amctreldatmryprmpmsdtdmcs# \ekdc` mcf sdlf mr tgf mtgfr( dc mtgfr wmrls( lmfs cmt rfhdfvf tgf amcohdat# Mc tgf amctrery(

mcf nust agmmsf fdtgfr prdmrdty mo tgf trecsndttfl tfxt mvfr rfesmc mr rfesmc mvfr tgf trecsndttfl tfxt#Cmw tgf odrst mo tgfsf twm ehtfrcetdvfs ges tm if dcvehdl sdnphy ifaeusf dt rfprfsfcts tgf dcvehdletdmc motgf rmmt iy tgf irecag#

62 Gmw tgf Peggeids

Aest Esdlf Yfesmc


27/63

Ahferhy( mcf aec eoodrn tgf trecsndttfl tfxt mchy iy vdrtuf mo rfesmc# \get ds ifaeusf eoodrnetdmc mo tgf

Arfetmr( kcmwhfl`f mo prmpgfay ecl tgf rfst mo tgf amcldtdmcs mo e trecsndttfl tfxts smuclcfss erf mchyouhodhhfl iy edl mo rfesmc# \gus rfesmc ds tgf prdcadphf ifgdcl tgf trecsndttfl tfxt mc wgdag dts smuclcfss

lfpfcls# Qm( do tgf trecsndttfl tfxt ds `dvfc prfaflfcaf mvfr rfesmc ecl dts hf`eh dnphdaetdmc fsteihdsgfliy dtsfho esdlf ormn tgf fxfradsf mo rfesmc( tgfc tgf rmmt wmuhl if dcvehdletfl iy tgf irecag# Ecl ormn

tget tgf dcvehdletdmc mo tgf irecag wmuhl omhhmw es wfhh# Omr tgf smuclcfss mo tgf trecsndttfl tfxt dslfrdvfl ormn tgf bul`nfct mo rfesmc( wgmsf amrruptdmc ds nelf pmssdihf wgfc rfesmc ds dcvehdletfl#

Yfesmc( tgfc( ds cmt aut moo iy tgf smuclcfss mo tgf trecsndttfl tfxt# Gfcaf( dt omhhmws tget lfaherdc` tgftrecsndttfl tfxt smucl iy nekdc` dt prdmr tm rfesmc amcstdtutfs cmtgdc` hfss tgec tgf vmdldc` mo dtssmuclcfss# Iut( do nekdc` smnftgdc` smucl eaamnphdsgfs dts amrruptdmc( wf oeaf e amctreldatdmc2 tgf

trecsndttfl tfxt( tgfc( ds dcvehdl# \gfrfomrf( do tgf prdmrdty mo tgf trecsndttfl tfxt mvfr rfesmc lmfs cmtfxdst mc tgf iesds mo tgf prfafldc` er`unfct( tgfc wf gevf lftfrndcfl tget rfesmc ges prdmrdty mvfr tgf

trecsndttfl tfxt# Ecl tget ds wget wf sft mut tm prmvf#

Mcaf mcf rfehdzfs tgds( mcf ehsm rfehdzfs wdtgmut qufstdmc tgf cfafssdty mo dctfrprftdc` tgf Uurecda vfrsfswgfrf tgf epperfct sfcsf amctreldats rfesmc wgfc tgf sedl vfrsfs erf misaurf ecl lm cmt rfofr tm tgdc`s

tget erf kcmwc wdtg afrtedcty yeqdcet$# Mc tgf mcf gecl( tgfrf ds `fcfreh dctfrprftetdmc wgfrf tgf lftedhflaherdodaetdmc ds hfot tm Ehheg teowdl teosdhdg$# \gds ds tgf sagmmh mo tgf nebmrdty mo tgf Zdmus Ecafstmrs momur Oedtg eh.Qeheo$# Mc tgf mtgfr gecl( wf gevf dctfrprftetdmc wgdag sfts mut tgf tfxts nfecdc` dc e nmrf

pfrspdaumus oesgdmc# \gf nebmrdty mo hetfr sagmhers eh.kgeheo$ omhhmw tgf hettfr# Dc tgfdr vdfw2

\gf tfrn tm odrnhy fsteihdsg es dc tgf vfrsf mo Uurec2 \gf Ehh.Nfradouh ds odrnhy fsteihdsgfl mcGds tgrmcf 9:257$ nfecs Gf tmmk pmssfssdmc mo dt dstewhe$# \gds ds suppmrtfl iy tgf wmrls motgf pmft wgm sedl2 jEnr tmmk pmssfssdmc qel dstewhe$ mo Dreq wdtgmut ihmmlsgfl mr swmrl#

Ehhegs seydc`2 Ecl ymur Hmrl amnfs wdtg ec`fhs reck mc reck 74299$ nfecs gds pmwframnfs#57[57^

Gds seydc`2 Vctm Gdn `mml wmrls esafcl 1625:$ nfecs2 `mml wmrls phfesf Gdn# 54[54^ Omr tgfwmrl ds ec eaadlfct omr wgdag( iy dtsfho( hmamnmtdmc ds dnpmssdihf#

Gds seydc`2 Pedt tgfy omr ceu`gt fhsf tgec tget Ehheg sgmuhl amnf uctm tgfn dc tgf sgelmws mo tgfahmuls wdtg tgf ec`fhs= 9295:$ nfecs tget Gds pucdsgnfct sgmuhl amnf uctm tgfn# 9:[9:^

Gds seydc`2 \gfc Gf lrfw cfer ecl aenf lmwc uctdh gf wes twm imws hfc`tg mr cferfr 6127.4$nfecs tget tgf Zrmpgft aenf cfer Gdn iy vdrtuf mo gds mifldfcaf# \gf hfc`tg mo twm imw.hfc`tgs dse pdatmrdeh rfprfsfctetdmc dc sfcsdihf oesgdmc mo wget tgf ndcl uclfrstecls#Dc tgf Zrmpgfts seydc` dc Iukgerd ecl Nushdn2 Ehheg amnfs lmwc tm tgf cferfst gfevfc ecl seys2

wgm ds rfpfctdc`( D sgehh turc tm gdn( ecl wgm sffks omr`dvfcfss( D sgehh omr`dvf gdn tgf amndc`lmwc sd`cdodfs Ehhegs nfray#95[95^ Gf spfadodfs cd`gt ifaeusf dt ds tgf tdnf mo sfahusdmc ecl verdmuskdcls mo eats mo gundhdty ecl wmrsgdp ecl sm omrtg( es omucl dc necy vfrsfs mo tgf Uurec eclcerretdmcs mo tgf Zrmpgft#

Qdcaf tgf vfry suistecaf mo tgf Peggeid arffl amctreldats wget tgf cmihf

Amnpecdmcs( tgf `rfet Nubtegdls ecl tgf tmtehdty mo tgf Vhene gevf rfeagfl

57[57^Mr Gds rfwerl( es Dnen Egnel dctfrprftfl dt# Qff Ieygeqd's smucl rfpmrt dc Dic Ketgdr's eh.Idleye we eh.cdgeye

5:2190 ecl Dic eh.Bewzd'sLeoj sguieg eh.tesgidg Qeqqeo fl#$ p# 51#54[54^Mr Gds eaafptecaf( es dctfrprftfl iy Eiu Geyyec dc \eosdr eh.iegr eh.nugdt021:1$ ecl Ieygeqd dc Dic Geber's

Oetg eh.Ierd 512


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e amcsfcsus mc( tgfy nust rfbfat Amcsfcsus es e prdcadphf esh$ mo Dshenda hf`dshetdmc ecl lfcy dtsprmietdvf vehuf es e iesds omr preatdaeh epphdaetdmc# Dc amcsfqufcaf( tgfy gevf lfaherfl ldsifhdfvfr ecy

Nushdn wgm seys \gfrf ds cm `ml iut Ehheg ecl Nugennel ds tgf Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg mtgfr tgectgfnsfhvfs ifaeusf Nushdns vdsdt tgf `revfs mo prmpgfts ecl ewhdye( ecl esk Ehheg omr smnftgdc` omr tgf

sekf mo e prmpgft#

\gfy prmcmucaf tgds lfaheretdmc mo ucifhdfo lfspdtf tgf oeat tget tgf Nushdn Amnnucdty gesrfeagfl e amcsfcsus tget wgmfvfr ertdauhetfs tgf twmomhl tfstdnmcy mo oedtg mr sgegele( tgf mrldcecafs motgf rfhd`dmc ifamnf dnnfldetfhy idcldc`# Es wf gevf sffc ormn tgf geldtg2 D gevf iffc mrlfrfl tm od`gt

pfmphf uctdh tgfy sey2 \gfrf ds cm `ml iut Ehheg ecl tgf geldtg2 Dt ds suoodadfct tget omhk sey2 \gfrf ds cmEhheg iut Ehheg ds suoodadfct# Dic Ueyydn ges sedl2 Nushdns gevf rfeagfl e amcsfcsus tget wgfc tgfldsifhdfvfr seys 2 \gfrf ds cm `ml iut Ehheg ecl Nugennel ds tgf Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg( gf fctfrs Dshen#

Omr tget rfesmc( tgfrf ds e `fcfreh e`rffnfct tget wgfc tgf epmstetf epmstetdzfs iy ec eat mo dlmhetry(rfpfctecaf ds eaamnphdsgfl iy uttfrecaf mo tgf sgegele#

Ourtgfrnmrf( Peggeids amcsdlfr sffkdc` tgf dctfrafssdmc mo tgf Zrmpgft eotfr gds lfetg ec eat mo

ldsifhdfokuor$ fvfc tgmu`g e amcsfcsus ehhmwdc` dt ds dc pheaf# Et tgf senf tdnf( tgfy sey omhhmwdc` eclfnuhetdc` tgf hfèh ruhdc`s mo mcf mo tgf omur nubtegdls( Dnen Eiu Gecdoe( Dnen Qgeodjd( Dnen Nehdk

ecl Dnen Egnel Dic Gecieh ds prmgdidtfl# Es e rfsuht( ecymcf( tgfy sey( ney lfrdvf hfèh ruhdc`sdstdciet eh.egken$ ldrfathy ormn tgf Uur'ec eaamrldc` tm tgfdr aepeidhdty; cmtwdtgstecldc` tgf fxdstfcafmo amcsfcsus tm tgf foofat tget cm mcf ds aepeihf mo ifdc` ec Dnen dc tgf rfhd`dmc mr sagmmh mo hew uchfss

gf setdsodfs tgf ardtfrde omr e sagmher aepeihf mo hfèh rfesmcdc` nubtegdl$# Dt ds cmt up tm ecymcf tm tekformn Uur'ec ecl Qucce uctdh gf ges setdsodfl tgmsf ardtfrde iy bmdcdc` dc gdnsfho tgf quehdodaetdmcs mo tgfnubtegdlwgdag erf( sdnuhtecfmushy( tgf amcldtdmcs modbdtgel#

Dbtdgel ds tgf e`rffnfct mo tgf nubtegdls mo tgf Nushdn amnnucdty dc e afrtedc `fcfretdmc mc e

nettfr mo rfhd dmc mr lm`ne# E amrmhhery tm tgds ds tget amcsfcsus mc ecy nettfr ds eisfct eotfr tgfldseppferecaf mo e `fcfretdmc mo nubtegdls# Pgdhf tgds ds tgf aesf( mcf kcmws tget do cm amcsfcsus ges

iffc e`rffl upmc( tgfrf fxdsts e pmssdidhdty dc feag `fcfretdmc mo rfeagdc` e sftthfnfct mc qufstdmcs eimutwgdag e ahfer ruhdc` dc Uur'ec ecl Qucce ds eisfct ecl wgdag nubtegdls mo tgf pest gevf cmt ldsaussfl#

Amcsdlfr tgfsf fxenphfs# E nec gfers dt sedl tget tgf fertg ds nmvdc` ermucl tgf suc# Pdtgmuttgdckdc`( gf seys2 Do tgf fertg ds nmvdc` ermucl tgf suc( tgfc ny wdof ds ldvmrafl( sdcaf tgfrf ds cm ahferfvdlfcaf dc Uur'ec ecl Qucce omr eoodrndc` tgf fertg's nmvfnfct ermucl tgf suc# \gf uhene mo tgfNushdn amnnucdty tgfrfomrf cffl tm nekf e ahfer prmcmucafnfct rfèrldc` tgds qufstdmc# Gfcaf( tgfdramcsfcsus rfèrldc` tgf fertg's nmtdmc lmfs cmt fxdst uctdh e qufstdmc hdkf tgds ds sftthfl#

Mr( suppmsf e nec oests( rdldc` dc e iehhmmc dc tgf edr ifomrf tgf sfttdc` mo tgf suc ecl gf ds hdotfldctm tgf edr uctdh gf errdvfl et tgf gfd`gt mo tfc tgmusecl ndhfs# \gfc tgf suc sfts mc fertg ecl tgf pfmphfmc hecl irfek tgfdr oest iut tgf suc ds cmt eisfct ormn gds fyfs wgfc gf ds dc tgf edr iy rfesmc mo tgffertg's rmuclcfss# Ds dt pfrndttfl omr gdn tm irfek oest ecl dt ds mihdètmry omr gdn tm prey sehet eh.

Ne`grdi= \gds ds ec fxenphf wgfrf tgfrf ds cm ahfer ruhdc` upmc dc Uur'ec ecl Qucce# Dt omhhmws( tgfc(

tget tgf uhene mo e `fcfretdmc nust aherdoy e bul`nfct mo tgdc`s hdkf tgds ecl e`rff upmc dt# Ecl wget wfsey e`rffs wdtg Dnen @gezehd's lfodcdtdmc mo dbnej# Gf lfodcfs dt es e`rffnfct mo tgf amnnucdty moNugennel s$ upmc e afrtedc nettfr ecl wget ds nfect iy e`rffnfct ds tgf necdofst ecl ucgdllfce`rffnfct mo dts uhene#

\gmsf tget lfcy dbnej ahedn2 tgf maaurrfcaf mo suag e amcsfcsus ds dnpmssdihf# \gfy lfluaf

fvdlfcaf omr tgfdr lfcdeh iy erùdc` tget e`rffnfct mo tgf uhene prfsuppmsfs tgfdr ifdc` fquehhy pheaflwdtg rfèrl tm tgf hfèh sdtuetdmc dc qufstdmc# \gfdr ifdc` saettfrfl dc rfnmtf amuctrdfs mvfr tgf oeaf mo tgffertg prfahulfs tgds# Pf rfoutf tgds mibfatdmc iy rfbfatdc` tgf rfesmcdc` tget tgf uhene's ifdc` sprfel


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eirmel ds ec dnpfldnfct tm tgfdr e`rffnfct dc vdfw mo tgf ucamcldtdmceh$ strdatcfss mo tgfdr sarutdcy moQgerdje fvdlfcafs#

\gmsf rfbfatdc` dbnej ahedn ourtgfr tget e`rffnfct ds iesfl fdtgfr mc ec dcldaetdmc lehdh$ dc tgf

smurafs wgdag ds lfadsdvf qet'd$ mr mc e spfauhetdvf mcf zeccd$# Imtg( tgfy sey( erf dcvehdl# \gf lfadsdvfdcldaetdmc ds dcvehdl ifaeusf( tgfy sey( do dt wfrf fxdstfct tgfrf wmuhl if cm cffl omr rfamursf tm

e`rffnfct dc tgf odrst pheaf; ecl tgf spfauhetdvf dcldaetdmc ds dcvehdl ifaeusf e`rffnfct mc e ruhdc` dsdnpmssdihf sdcaf tfnpfrenfcts ldoofr ecl pmdcts mo vdfw ldoofr mut mo cetureh geidt# Mur ecswfr ds erfbfatdmc mo imtg tgfdr mibfatdmcs# Yfèrldc` tgf lfadsdvf dcldaetdmc tgfrf ds cm cffl mo trecsndttdc` dt

sdcaf amcsfcsus ds strmc`fr tgec dt( ecl omr tgf fhdndcetdmc mo ldoofrfcaf fctedhfl tgrmu`g dts trecsndssdmc#Pdtg rfèrl tm tgf spfauhetdvf dcldaetdmc( tgfdr mibfatdmc lmfs cmt stecl up ifaeusf mo tgf pmssdidhdty moamcsfcsus ifdc` tmm mivdmus omr fdtgfr ldoofrfcafs mo tfnpfrenfct ecl-mr pmdct mo vdfw tm prfvfct dt#

Mchy dc wget ds ndcutf ecl misaurf hdf dnpfldnfcts tm rfeagdc` amcsfcsus#

Dc ourtgfr mibfatdmc( tgfy ahedn2 Fvfc do wf `rect fsteihdsgnfct mo amcsfcsus dc dtsfho( tgfckcmwhfl`f mo tgfdr e`rffnfct wmuhl stdhh if dnpmssdihf# \gfy erùf tget dc tgf geidtueh amursf mo tgdc`s

tgfrf ds cm agecaf mo eoodrnetdmc mo e hfèh ruhdc` amcafrcdc` tgds tgdc` mr tgf mtgfr lfaherfl iy fvfrydcldvdlueh nfnifr mo tgf uhene dc tgf wmrhl# Hdkfwdsf( tgfy erùf tget dc tgf geidtueh amursf mo tgdc`s

trecsndssdmc mo e amcsfcsus ds dnpmssdihf ifaeusf dts trecsndssdmc ormn sdc`hf dcldvdluehs ds cmtamcvfyfl ecl tgf amcsfcsus lmfs cmt dssuf dc preatdaeh epphdaetdmc# Mcf sdnphy aeccmt amcafdvf mo e tgdc`

ifdc` sm wdlfhy kcmwc tget hydc` eimut dt ds dnpmssdihf tewetur$ .. tgfy ahedn .. dcesnuag es suag e

sdtuetdmc wmuhl dcvmhvf tgf cfafssery fquehdc` mut mo pmdcts mo vdfw mc e `dvfc stetf mo eooedrs wdtg tgfrfsuht tget prm ecl amc pmsdtdmcs ecl e ndllhf pmsdtdmc wmuhl if ucofesdihf# Nmrfmvfr( dt ds uchdkfhy tget

pfmphf dcomrnfl mo smnftgdc` sm wfhh.kcmwc tget hydc` eimut dt ds dnpmssdihf tm gevf sffc ecl gferl ehhtgf uhene dc fvfry amuctry ecl dc tget oesgdmc tm gevf trecsndttfl dt ormn tgfn( `fcfretdmc tm `fcfretdmc(uctdh dt rfeagfs us#

\m imtg tgfdr erùnfcts tgfrf ds mcf ecswfr# Dts prmaflurf amcsdsts dc aeusdc` mcf tm lmuit tgettgfrf fxdsts e amcohdat wdtg wget ds cfafssery# Omr dt ds wfhh kcmwc dc e lfadsdvf neccfr tget tgfAmnpecdmcs ecl tgf Quaafssmrs rfeagfl e amcsfcsus mc tgf prdmrdty mo e lfadsdvf dcldaetdmc mvfr e

spfauhetdvf mcf ecl tget tgds ds tgf aesf mchy iy rfesmc mo dts ifdc` fsteihdsgfl wdtg tgfn ecl dtstrecsndssdmc tm us# Ourtgfrnmrf( dbnej amcstdtutfs e prmmo dc tgf vdfw mo ehh tgf uhene fxafpt tgfNu'tezdhdtf eh.Cezzen ecl smnf mo tgf Kgewerdb# \gf prmmo mo dts fvdlfctdery ceturf gubbdyye$ ds tget tgfye`rff upmc tgf lfadsdvf afrtedcty mo tgf frrmr mo amctreldatdc` dbnej# Dbnej tgfrfomrf amucts es prmmo dcQgerdje hf`dshetdmc ifaeusf austmn trecsomrns tgf e`rffnfct mo e cunifr mo necy rfam`cdzfl uhene ormntgf stetus mo cmc.lfadsdvf tm tgf stetus mo lfadsdvf afrtedcty dc e nettfr pfrtedcdc` tm tgf Qgerdje# Iy vdrtuf

mo austmn tgf dnphdaetdmc mo e lfadsdvf tfxt cfafsserdhy amucts es lfadsdvf dcldaetdmc tget tm amctreldatdbnej ds frrmr#

Mc tgds pmdct( cm mcf seys gfrf tget tgfrf ds eoodrnetdmc mo dbnej iy dbnej cmr eoodrnetdmc mo dbnejiy e lfadsdvf tfxt wgmsf fsteihdsgnfct ds dtsfho lfpfclfct mc dbnej2 tget wmuhl if tm rfesmc dc e adrahf#

Pf erf seydc`2 wget ds ifdc` ahednfl ds tget tgf oeat mo dbnej dtsfho amcstdtutfs e prmmo omr dbnej# Pget

fsteihdsgfs tgds ds tgf fxdstfcaf mo e lfadsdvf tfxt dcldaetfl iy tgf fxdstfcaf mo e omrneh amcsfcsus( wgdagaustmn prfahulfs wfrf dt cmt omr tget tfxt# \gf fsteihdsgnfct mo tgds omrneh amcsfcsus ecl dts austmnerydcldaetdmcs pmdctdc` tm tgf fxdstfcaf mo e tfxt erf cmt lfpfclfct upmc tgf oeat tget dbnej amcstdtutfs e

prmmo# \gds ds ifaeusf tgf fxdstfcaf mo suag omrneh amcsfcsus ds lfrdvfl ormn tewetur.. wget ds kcmwc es

truf ifymcl lmuit sm tget tgf pmssdidhdty mo pfmphf's amhhusdmc mc e hdf ds prfahulfl .. ecl ifaeusf tgfomrneh fvdlfcaf dcldaetdc` e tfxt ds lfrdvfl ormn tgf austmn#

Enmc` tgf fvdlfcafs omr tgf prmietdvf vehuf mo dbnej ds tgf Zrmpgft's stetfnfct( mc gdn if pfeaf2


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)Ny amnnucdty wdhh cfvfr e`rff mc frrmreh.kgete'$#)

\gf amctfct mo tgds geldtg ds sm wfhh.kcmwc tget dt ds dnpmssdihf tm hdf eimut dt nutewetdr$99[99^ sdnphyifaeusf dt ds prmluafl dc sm necy cerretdmcs( omr fxenphf2

)Ny amnnucdty wdhh cmt amnf tm`ftgfr mc e nds`udlecaf);91[91^

)E rmup mo ny amnnucdty wdhh amctdcuf dc trutg uctdh tgf lewcdc` mo tgf Gmur);9


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sedl#97[97^ \gfy sey tgds dcldaetfs tget dbnej lmfs cmt amuct es fvdlfcaf# \gf ecswfr ds Nujelg ldl cmtnfctdmc dt mchy ifaeusf et tget tdnf dbnej ldl cmt yft amcstdtutf e omrneh prmmo dc aesf mo oedhdc` tm sftthf

upmc e smuraf wdtg rfspfat tm Uur'ec ecl Qucce# Dt lmfs cmt omhhmw tget dbnej ldl cmt ifamnf e prmmo dc dtsmwc `mml tdnf ecl eotfr tekdc` dts pheaf es e smuraf#

Peggeids rfbfat ecehm`y qdyes$ dc hfèh rfesmcdc` bust es tgfy rfbfatamcsfcsus# Iy rfbfatdc` dt( gmwfvfr( tgfy mchy dctfcl tm ldsarfldt tgfeutgmrdty mo tgmsf truhy aepeihf mo dclfpfclfct rfesmcdc` dc lfrdvdc` hfèh

ruhdc`s dc tgf Nushdn Amnnucdty( tget ds( tgf nubtegdls mo tgf omurrfam`cdzfl sagmmhs mo Dshenda hew# \gf Peggeids ehhf`f tget tgf nubtegdls aest esdlf tgf Uur'ec eclQucce ecl mpfretf mchy mc tgf iesds mo tgfdr pfrsmceh mpdcdmcs tm tgf pmdct mo ardtdadzdc` tgf Dnens mo tgf

Vnne omr usdc` qdyes es e prmmo dc Qgerdje# \gfy lfcmucaf iy seydc` tget tgf Dnens ifhdfvf tget tgfrfhd`dmc mo Dshen ds lfodadfct ecl tget tgfy amnphftf dt iy rfesmcdc` hdkf mo dbnej ecl qdyes# Omr tgds( tgfy

adtf tgf Uur'ecda vfrsf2 )\gds ley D gevf pfrofatfl omr ymu ymur rfhd`dmc) 621$# \gfy sey wf odclwgetfvfr ds cfafssery omr hdof ahferhy stetfl dc tgf Uur'ec# Qm wget cffl lm wf gevf omr qdyes# \gf tfxts

tekf dc tgf wgmhf mo hdof's fvfctuehdtdfs( tgfy ahedn( wdtgmut cffl mo lfrdvetdmc dstdciet$ ecl ecehm`y#

Dt ds enezdc` tget tgf Peggeids( omr tgf sekf mo aehuncy eèdcst nubtegdls wgm eaafpt qdyestgfnsfhvfs( prmaffl tm tmy wdtg tgf wmrl mo Ehheg ecl vfrsfs mo Uur'ec ecl necdpuhetf tgfn( agec`dc`tgfn ormn tgfdr amrrfat nfecdc` ecl dctfrprftdc` tgfn eaamrldc` tm tgfdr mwc pessdmc ecl wgdn# Ecl yft

tgfy gevf cm dctfrprftetdmc mo tgf supfrodadeh sfcsf mo tgf vfrsfs mo tgf Uur'ec tget lmfs cmt ldspere`f tgfArfetmr .. dc kffpdc` wdtg tgfdr hdtfrehdsn eaamrldc` tm wgdag Ehheg ds fsteihdsgfl odrnhy mc Gds tgrmcfecl ges gecls ecl e oeaf# \gfy sey tget tgf nubtegdls mpfretf eaamrldc` tm tgfdr mwc mpdcdmcs( fvfctgmu`g tgfy `m sm oer es tm ehhmw tgf d`cmrect rdooreoo mo tgmsf pmssfssdc` tgfdr oedtg tm amnnfct upmc tgfPmrl mo Ehheg eaamrldc` tm tgfdr mwc hdndtfl uclfrstecldc`#

Udyes ds tgf fquetdc` mo tgf irecag wdtg tgf rmmt wdtg rfspfat tm tgf aeusf mo tgf hfèh ruhdc`# Dtsfssfctdeh fhfnfcts erf omur2

5$ tgf mrd dceh rmmt wgdag ds tgf mibfat mo amnperdsmc;9$ tgf irecag mr suisdldery aesf ifdc` hdkfcfl tm rmmt;1$ tgf ruhdc` `mvfrcdc` tgf rmmt;


32/63


33/63

Es omr gds ahedn mo eismhutf dbtdgel( dt ds purf sdhhdcfss mc gds pert ecl sgenfhfss dnpulfcaf wdtg

rfèrl tm tgf Erei hecùe`f sdcaf gf wes cmt dc gds tdnf mcf mo tgmsf rfam`cdzfl omr ifdc` omrfnmst dckcmwhfl`f# Mc tgf amctrery( gf wes cmt fvfc cunifrfl enmc` tgmsf wgm wfrf amcsdlfrfl iy nestfrs dc

tgf Geciehd nelggei es gevdc` ecy wfd`gt wgetsmfvfr( cmt tm nfctdmc ifdc` amcsdlfrfl ec eismhutfnubtegdl dc tgf rfhd`dmc#

Dbtdgel ges amcldtdmcs wgdag tgf uhene gevf e`rffl upmc wdtgmut fxafptdmc ecl dt ds cmtpfrndssdihf omr ecy dcldvdlueh tm if ec dnen dc tgf rfhd`dmc ecl dc ecy mo tgf sagmmhs mo Dshenda Hew(

uchfss gf ges ouhodhhfl tgfn#

5$ Gf nust if e nestfr mo tgf hecùe`f mo tgf Ereis( kcmwdc` dts ldoofrfct

ldehfats( tgf dnpmrt mo tgfdr pmfns( tgfdr prmvfris( ecl tgfdr austmns# 1:[1:^

9$ Gf nust gevf e amnphftf resp mo tgf ldoofrdc` mpdcdmcs mo tgf sagmhers ecl burdsts mo

Dshen#15[15^

1$ Gf nust if e burdst gdnsfho( hfercfl dc tgf Uur'ec( gevdc` nfnmrdzfl dt ecl kcmwdc` tgf

ldoofrfcaf mo tgf sfvfc rfeldc`s mo tgf Uur'ec wgdhf uclfrstecldc` dts amnnfctery( ifdc` ewerf mo wgetds ahfer ecl wget ds misaurf dc dt( wget dt eirmètfs ecl wget ds eirmètfl iy dt( ecl tgf stmrdfs mo tgf

prmpgfts#


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Kcmw tget pfmphf gevf e`rffl `fcfretdmc eotfr `fcfretdmc ecl afctury eotfr afctury tget tgf

Nubtegdl Dnens mchy lfrdvf hfèh ruhdc`s ormn tgf Uur'ec ecl tgf Qucce eotfr tgfy gevf amnphftfhystuldfl tgf Qucce ecl dts sadfcafs ecl tgf Uur'ec wdtg rfspfat tm dts ruhdc`s ecl uclfrstecldc`( dc e wey

ucnetagfl iy tgmsf wgm omhhmwfl tgfn dc hetfr tdnfs# Mc tgf amctrery( tgf uhene( `fcfretdmc eotfr`fcfretdmc( tekf gmhl mo wget tgfy sedl ( sagmhers mo tgf aehdifr mo eh.Cewewd( eh.Yeodjd( \eqd eh.Ldc eh.

Quikd( Dic Gezn( Dic \eyndyye( Dic eh.Ueyydn( Dic eh.Bewzd( sagmhers hdkf Oekgr eh.Ldc eh.Yezd( eh.\egewd( eh.Uesdn( eh.Uereod2 ehh wfrf dndtetdc` tgf mpdcdmcs mo tgf Nubtegdls ecl tgfdr omhhmwfrs( lfspdtftgf oeat tget feag mcf mo tgfsf hfeldc` odùrfs ecl tgmsf ifomrf tgfn gel lfhvfl lffp dctm fvfry aetf`mry

mo tgf Dshenda sadfcafs# Tft ecl stdhh( tgfy kcfw tget tgfy gel cmt errdvfl et tgf hfvfh mo lfrdvdc` hew ormnUur'ec ecl Qucce dclfpfclfcthy# Pget's nmrf( tgfy uclfrstmml tgfdr mwc hdndts# Ney Ehheg gevf nfraymc tgf nec wgm kcmws gds nfesurf ecl lmfs cmt `m ifymcl gds prmpfr hfvfh#

Qm gmw ds dt pmssdihf omr ecy mcf mo us ormn tgds hetfr tdnf tm lfrdvf hew ormn Uur'ec ecl Qucce

ecl tm aest esdlf tgf uhene wgm wfrf aepeihf mo lfrdvdc` hew ecl wgmn imtg tgf fhdtf ecl tgf nessfs motgf Nushdns e`rff mc omhhmwdc`=

Dic jEil eh.Peggei's heifhdc` ldsifhdfvfr tgmsf wgm dndtetf tgf mpdcdmc mo tgf Nubtegdls mo tgf

pest( es nfctdmcfl prfvdmushy ds mchy tm dcdtdetf sprfel mo gds ucwerrectfl dccmvetdmc idlje$ dc mur oedtgsm tget gf ney mchy amcsdlfrs Nushdn tgmsf wgm omhhmw gdn# Pmuhl tget D kcfw wget wmuhl geppfc dowf suppmsfl tget pest Nubtegdls gel `mcf estrey( es Dic jEil eh.Peggei ges ahednfl( ecl tgfy gel(

dclffl( `mcf estrey# Pmuhl dt if dcaunifct upmc tgf amnnmc pfrsmc tm preatdaf Dshen wgdhf ifdcùceihf tm kcmw gmw tm lfrdvf hfèh ruhdc`s ormn Uur'ec ecl Qucce wdtg Dic jEil eh.Peggei gevdc` cmtyft iffc imrc tm rfsmhvf tgf ldoodauhty mo tgfdr amcousdmc ecl d`cmrecaf= D lm cmt ifhdfvf tget gf wmuhl


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gevf errdvfl et tgf tfnfrdty tm sey tgmsf pfmphf wfrf hdvdc` dc tgf prdnmrldeh stetf mo cetureh rfhd`dmcodtre$ sdcaf tgfy aenf dc e tdnf prdmr tm e )rfcfwfr mo rfhd`dmc)% 1?[1?^

1?[1?^\gfsf erf tgf rfcfwfrs mo rfhd`dmc eaamrldc` tm Egh eh.Qucce2

5st Afctury2 jVner dic jEil eh.Ezdz ?9.5:5$

9cl2 Eiu Gecdoe 7:.56:$( Nehdk 41.504$( eh.Qgeodjd 56:.9:


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\gf prfsfct wrdtfr kcmws tget omhhmwdc` ec eutgmrdty dc nettfr mo Dshenda preatdaf eh.teqhdl$ dscfafssery dcesnuag es( mrldcerdhy spfekdc`( dt ds dnpmssdihf tget feag dcldvdlueh Nushdn rfeag tgf hfvfh mo

kcmwhfl`f fceihdc` gdn tm lfrdvf hfèh ruhdc`s mo tgf Qgerdje ldrfathy ormn Uur'ec wgfc tgfrf ds cm phedcnfecdc` tfxt ecl gf ds amnphftfhy d`cmrect mo tgf Ereida hecùe`f hdkf cmc.Erei pfmphf suag es Zfrsdecs(

Kurl( Eo`gecs( \urks( ecl mtgfrs wgmsf cunifr dcarfesfs ifymcl tgf cunifr mo Ereis( e oeat mivdmus tmecy mcf wdtg e kcmwhfl`f mo `fm`repgy# \gf sagmhers mo Dshen gevf e`rffl tget dt ds dcaunifct upmc e

pfrsmc wgm ges cmt rfeagfl tgf ste`f mo dbtdgel tm omhhmw ecl dndtetf tgf hfèh ruhdc`s mo e nubtegdl# OmrEhheg ges sedl2 )Esk tgmsf wgm gevf kcmwhfl`f Egh eh.lgdkr$ do ymu lm cmt kcmw#) 5?2


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Kcmw tget tm lfaherf e Nushdn e ucifhdfvfr ds cm snehh nettfr# \gf uhene( enmc` tgfn Dic\eyndyye ecl Dic Ueyydn(14[14^ gevf e`rffl tget tgf d`cmrect pfrsmc ecl tgf mcf wgm nekfs e ndstekf dc

tgds amnnucdty( fvfc do wget ds lmcf nekfs dts pfrpftretmr ec dlmhetfr mr ldsifhdfvfr( ecl tget pfrsmcphfels tgf fxausf mo d`cmrecaf mr tget gf nelf e ndstekf uctdh e prmmo ds fxphedcfl tm gdn dc e huadl ecl

ahfer oesgdmc( e sdtuetdmc hdkf suag e pfrsmc's ds enid`umus#


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\gf sfamcl sfat ds bust tgf mppmsdtf mo tgf odrst# \gfy ahedn tget Ehheg amnpfhs pfmphf tm eat dc eafrtedc wey ecl tget ldsifhdfo ecl ldsmifldfcaf enmc` gunec arfeturfs erf hdkf tgf iheak ecl wgdtf amhmr

mo tgfdr skdcs# Dc tgfdr vdfw( tgf arfeturf ges cm pert tm phey dc lmdc` cmcf mo tgds# Mc tgf amctrery( ehh eatsmo ldsmifldfcaf dc tgfdr vdfw erf esardieihf tm Ehheg# \gf pfrpftretmrs mo suag eats erf tgf omhhmwfrs mo

Dihds wgfrf gf seys2 )Ifaeusf Tmu gevf sfct nf estrey( D sgehh eniusg tgfn) 025?$# Qdndherhy( tgfdlmhetfrs sey2 )Gel Ehheg wdhhfl( wf cmr mur omrfoetgfrs wmuhl cmt gevf iffc dlmhetfrs) ?25


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e `rmup enmc` tgf Nushdns tm if ucifhdfvfrs( nekdc` tgfdr ihmml ecl wfehtg hdadt ifaeusf mo rfbfatfldccmvetdmcs# Omr( gf sedl( tgfrf ney if dc tget `rmup hfss ucwerrectfl dccmvetdmc tgec dc tgf perty

aerrydc` mut tgf lfaheretdmc mo ldsifhdfo# Fvfc do mcf suppmsfs e `rmup tm gevf nelf ucwerrectfldccmvetdmc( dt ds ucwerrectfl omr tgf `rmup wgdag ds mc tgf petg mo tgf Qucce tm lfaherf tgfn ucifhdfvfrs(

sdcaf( pfrgeps( dts dccmvetdmc ds ec mut`rmwtg mo ec frrmr( ecl Ehheg sedl2 )Mur Hmrl lm cmt ihenf us do wfomr`ft mr nekf e ndstekf) 9297?$ ecl2 )\gf ndstekf ymu nekf wdhh cmt if gfhl e`edcst ymu iut wget ymur

gferts mc purpmsf dctfcl) 1126$# \gf Zrmpgft sedl2 )Qurfhy( ges Ehheg omr`dvfc ny amnnucdty frrmr eclomr`ftouhcfss ecl wget tgfy wfrf omrafl tm lm#)


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ecl ifhdfvfl dc tgfn# Iut wgfc ldsestfr ecl ldoodauhtdfs struak( tgfy eieclmcfl tgfn( wmrsgdppfl Ehhegoedtgouhhy ecl sdcafrfhy( ecl rfam`cdzfl tget tgf prmpgfts ecl pdmus amuhl lm tgfn cfdtgfr `mml cmr dhh#

\gf Peggeids epphdfl tgf Uur'ecda vfrsfs rfvfehfl amcafrcdc` tgf

dlmhetfrs tm tgf nmcmtgfdsts mo tgf Amnnucdty mo Nugennel( Ehhegsihfssdc`s ecl pfeaf if upmc gdn( ecl `respfl mc tm tgfsf vfrsfs es e

iesds omr lfaherdc` Nushdns ldsifhdfvfr# \gfy ney if hdstfl esomhhmws2

)Lm cmt aehh mc ecymcf ehmc` wdtg Ehheg) 09257$;

)Ecl wgm ds nmrf estrey tgec mcf wgm dcvmkfs ifsdlfs Ehheg suag es wdhh cmt ecswfr gdn tm tgf ley

mo bul`nfct ecl wgfc neckdcl erf `etgfrfl tgfy wdhh ifamnf fcfndfs omr tgfn( ecl lfcy gevdc`iffc wmrsgdppfl)


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ecl ifcfodt# Mc tgf amctrery( tgfy ifhdfvf tget tgfy erf Ehheg's sfrvects arfetfl iy Gdn# Iy vdsdtdc` tgfdr`revfs ecl dnphmrdc` Ehheg dc tgfdr cenf tgfy mchy dctfcl ifdc` ihfssfl iy nfecs mo tgfdr ihfssdc` omr

tgfy erf ehdvf( cfer tm Ehheg ecl Gf ges sfhfatfl ecl agmsfc tgfn# Gfcaf( gf sgmws nfray tm Gds sfrvectsiy nfecs mo tgfdr ihfssdc` ecl gfevfchy ifcfldatdmc iereke$#

\gf Peggeids sey2 tgf lfofcsf mo tgmsf wgm preatdaf tewessuh ds tgf senf

epmhm`y tgf dlmhetfrs mo tgf Ereis moofrfl es tgf Uur'ec seys lfsardidc`tgf wey tgf dlmhetfrs lfofclfl tgfdr wmrsgdp mo dlmhs2 )Pf mchy wmrsgdp

tgfn dc mrlfr tget tgfy ney irdc` us cferfr) 1421$# Gfcaf( tgf dlmhetfrs lm cmt ifhdfvf tget tgf dlmhs

arfetf ecytgdc`# Yetgfr( tgfy ifhdfvf tget tgf Arfetmr ds Ehheg( tgf Fxehtfl( iy fvdlfcaf mo tgf omhhmwdc`vfrsf2 )Do tgmu esk tgfn( Pgm arfetfl tgfn( tgfy wdhh afrtedchy sey( Ehheg)


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dclfpfclfct `mls hdkf tgf sgdrk mo tgf Rmrmestrdecs# Qfamclhy( tgfrf ds tgf sgdrk mo ldvdldc` dctm perts( tgetds( nekdc`.amnpmucl iut mo e cunifr mo `mls hdkf tgf sgdrk mo tgf Agrdstdecs# \gdrlhy( tgfrf ds tgf sgdrk

mo lrewdc`.cfer( tget ds( tgf wmrsgdp mo smnftgdc` mtgfr tgec Ehheg dc mrlfr tm lrew cfer tm Ehheg dc eahmsfr oesgdmc# \gds ds fxfnphdodfl dc tgf sgdrk mo tgf Zfrdml mo D`cmrecaf prdmr tm Dshen#

\gf kdcl mo sgdrk tget Peggeids nelf epphdaeihf tm tgf Nushdn nekdc` dstd`getge ecl tewessuhecl upmc

wgdag Peggeids iudht tgfdr lmatrdcf mo aehhdc` Nushdns ldsifhdfvfrs ifhmc`s tm tgf tgdrl aetf`mry( tgfsgdrk mo lrewdc`.cfer wgdag tgfBegdhdyyeprmofssfl es dts rfhd`dmc#

\gf stetf mo eooedrs tget lfhdvfrfl tgf Begdhdyye dctm dts omrn mo dlmhetry ds e typf mo setecdasfluatdmc wgfrfiy dts wmrsgdp mo Ehheg dc dts dlmhetrmus neccfr stfnnfl ormn fxtrfnf gunec wfekcfssecl pmwfrhfsscfss; ecl e ifhdfo tget cmt tm lrew cfer tm Gdn iy wmrsgdppdc` tgmsf cferfst tm Gdn( cmihfr

dc Gds sd`gt( ecl nmrf pmwfrouh( hdkf tgf ec`fhs( wmuhl amcstdtutf iel neccfrs# Iut wgfc tgfy misfrvfltgf ldseppferecaf mo tgf mibfats mo tgfdr wmrsgdp fdtgfr amcstecthy mr smnf mo tgf tdnf tgfy oesgdmcfl

dlmhs tm rfprfsfct tgfn; sm tget wgfc tgf mibfats mo wmrsgdp ldseppferfl ormn tgfn( tgfy wmrsgdppfl tgfdrdne`fs#

Do tgds ds odrnhy uclfrstmml( tgfc dt ds ahfer tm tgf rfelfr tget tgf stetf mo tgf dlmhetfrs mo tgf

Begdhdyye lmfs cmt dc ecy wey epphy tm Nushdns dnphmrdc` Ehheg iy tgf nfecs mo prmpgfts ecl tgf pdmus#\gf Ereis mo tgf Begdhdyye elmptfl dlmhs es `mls# )Ehheg) nfecs )Mcf wgm lfsfrvfs wmrsgdp#) \gfy

ifhdfvfl tgf dlmhs lfsfrvfl wmrsgdp# Odrst mo ehh( tgfy ifhdfvfl tget tgfy amuhl lfhdvfr gern ecl ifcfodt#

\gus( tgfy wmrsgdppfl tgfn# \gds ifhdfo mc tgfdr pert phus tgfdr wmrsgdp mo tgfn ds wget aeusfl tgfn tmoehh dctm dlmhetry# Qm wgfc tgf prmmo wes ourcdsgfl tgfn tget tgfsf dlmhs gel cm pmwfr tm gern tgfn mr

ifcfodt tgfn( tgfy sedl2 )Pf mchy wmrsgdp dc mrlfr tget tgfy irdc` us cferfr#) Gmw( tgfc( ds dt pmssdihf omrtgf Peggeids tm essdndhetf tgf ifhdfvfrs wgm lfaherf tget Ehheg ds Mcf tm tgmsf dlmhetfrs mo tgf Begdhdyye=

\gfrf ds cm lmuit tget Erei dlmhetfrs ldsifhdfvfl sdnphy ifaeusf mo tgfdr wmrsgdp mo stetufs eclrfprfsfctetdmcs mo prmpgfts( ec`fhs( ecl ewhdye mo wgdag tgfy omrnfl dne`fs wgdag tgfy wmrsgdppfl ecltm wgdag tgfy ldl seardodaf# \gds wes luf tm tgfdr ifhdfo tget prmpgfts( ec`fhs( ecl ewhdye erf `mls ehdge$ehmc` wdtg \gf Ehheg ehheg$ ecl amuhl( mc tgfdr mwc( lm tgfn ifcfodt ecl gern# \gf Ehheg tgfrfomrf

ourcdsgfl prmmo mo tgf oehsdty mo wget tgfy wfrf seydc` ecl struak pereihfs tm rfoutf tgfdr lmatrdcf wgdagGf ldl dc necy vfrsfs# \gfsf vfrsfs stetf tget tgf mcf Ehheg wgm ehmcf ds fctdthfl tm wmrsgdp cfafsserdhyges pmwfr mvfr rfnmvdc` gern ecl lfhdvfrdc` ifcfodt tm gdn wgm wmrsgdps Gdn; ecl tget wget tgfy dcoeat wmrsgdppfl wfrf mibfats mrd`dcetdc` dc tdnf ecl ectdtgftdaeh tm Hmrlsgdp# Zfrsmcs wgm sffk gfhp eclwgm aehh upmc Ehheg iy nfecs mo prmpgfts erf orff ecl dccmafct mo tgds mrlfr mo dlmhetrmus wmrsgdp ecl

ifhdfo#

Es omr tgf ahedn tget sffkdc` edl dstd`getge$ ds wmrsgdp mo smnfmcf mtgfr tgec Ehheg( dt ds gd`g.geclfl ecl eridtrery# Omr tgf vfrsfs wgdag tgf Peggeids elluaf es prmmo.tfxts .. ehh mo tgfn .. wfrfrfvfehfl tm epphy tm ucifhdfvfrs wgm wmrsgdp smnfmcf mtgfr tgec Ehheg# \gfy dctfclfl iy tgfdr wmrsgdpmo tget mtgfr dcldvdlueh tm amnf ahmsfr tm Gdn# Ourtgfrnmrf( tgfy ifhdfvfl tget tgfrf ds ecmtgfr `ml ehmc`

wdtg Ehheg ecl tget Gf ges e smc ecl e wdof .. fxehtfl fxaffldc`hy gd`g ds Gf ifymcl wget tgfy sey# \gds

ds e pmdct mo ucecdnmus e`rffnfct wgdag cm mcf ldsputfs# \gfrf ds cmtgdc` dc tgf vfrsfs rfvfehflamcafrcdc` tgf ucifhdfvfrs tget wmuhl amuct es fvdlfcaf tget nfrfhy sffkdc` tgf gfhp mo e prmpgft mr sedctwgfc eaamnpecdfl iy oedtg dc Ehheg ds wmrsgdp mo smnfmcf mtgfr tgec Ehheg Gdnsfho#


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\gf Peggeids sey tget suag sffkdc` mo gfhp ds e omrn mo dcvmaetdmc#\gfy adtf tgf geldtg2

)dcce eh.luje guwe eh.jdiele)2 )Dcvmaetdmc .. dt ds wmrsgdp#)


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tgf sfcsf mo cendc` smnfmcf wf odcl2 )Lffn cmt tgf aehhdc` luje$ mo tgf Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg enmc`ymursfhvfs hdkf tgf aehhdc` mo mcf mo ymu tm ecmtgfr) 9


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arfetdmc kgehqec$ ecl ifdc` dbelec$( wgdhf tgf gfhp ormn tgf Zrmpgft ds strdathy dc rfspfat tm sfamcleryaeusetdmc teseiiuiec$ ecl eaqudsdtdmc ormn Ehheg kesiec$#

\gf nmst prmndcfct enmc` tgf sagmhers mo Dshen gevf eakcmwhfl`fl tgf pfrndssdidhdty mo

dstd`getge ecl tewessuhwdtg tgf Zrmpgft( pfeaf if upmc gdn#69[69^ Dts pfrndssdidhdty ds cmt amctrevfcfl iytgf rfpmrt mo Eiu Iekr( ney Ehheg if phfesfl wdtg gdn( wgfrfiy wgfc gf sedl )Ydsf% [phureh^( Pf wdhh

sffk gfhp wdtg tgf Nfssfc fr mo Ehheg ormn tgds gypmardtf() tgf Zrmpgft sedl2

)Dccegu he yuste`getgu id dccene yuste`getgu idhheg)

)Gfhp ds cmt smu`gt wdtg nf( dt ds smu`gt mchy wdtg Ehheg#)

Qdcaf Dic Hugeyje ds pert mo dts agedc mo trecsndssdmc( tgf ldsaussdmc mo dt ds wfhh.kcmwc#61[61^

Pfrf wf tm suppmsf tget tgf geldtg ds smucl( dt wmuhl if mo tgf hdkf mo tgf Uur'ecda vfrsf( )Tmu ldl cmttgrmw wgfc ymu tgrfw( iut Ehheg tgrfw) 7250$ 6


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Cmw wf gevf amnf tm tgf pmdct mo sfttdc` omrtg tgf pfrndssdidhdty mo tewessuh ecl elluadc`fvdlfcaf omr dt# Pf odcl dc tgf Uur'ec2

)M yf wgm ifhdfvf% If wery mo Ehheg ecl sffkeh.wesdhe

.. tgf nfecs tm epprmeag Gdn) 6216$#

Dic jEiies sedl tget eh.wesdhe sd`cdodfs wgetfvfr nfecs mcf fnphmys tm lrew ahmsf tm Ehheg# \gfPeggeids ahedn tget )nfecs) rfofrs fxahusdvfhy tm eatdmcs ecl tgds ds purf eridtrerdcfss# \gf necdofst eclepperfct sfcsf zegdr$ mo tgf tfxt rfofrs tm pfrsmcs lgewet$ cmt eatdmcs# Omr Ehheg seys2 dttequ Ehheg Ofer

Ehheg$ wgdag amcvfys tgf sfcsf mo werdcfss dc lmdc` wgetfvfr Ehheg ges mrlfrfl ecl rfhdcqudsgdc`wgetfvfr Gf ges omridllfc# Do wf dctfrprft )sffk tgf nfecs) dc tfrns mo eatdmcs( tgfc tgf mrlfr mo)sffkdc` tgf nfecs) wmuhl amcsdst dc ec fnpgesds te'kdl$ mo tgf amnnecl2 )If wery mo Ehheg#) \gds ds

ldoofrfct tgec do )sffkdc` tgf nfecs) ds dctfrprftfl tm rfofr tm pfrsmcs# Omr tgfc tgf amnnecl mo teqwe dstm eatuehhy hey e iesds te'sds$ omr mcf's eatdmc ecl tgds ds ifttfr tgec fnpgesds#67[67^

E`edc( Ehheg seys2

)\gmsf uctm wgmn tgfy ary sffk omr tgfnsfhvfs

tgf nfecs mo epprmeag tm tgfdr Hmrl( wgdag motgfn sgehh if tgf cferfst) 50260$#

Dic jEiies sedl tgfy erf Bfsus ecl gds nmtgfr( Ezrefh ecl tgf ec`fhs# Ecl tgf amnnfctery mc tgds vfrsfds tget tgf ucifhdfvfrs wmrsgdp prmpgfts ecl ec`fhs ifaeusf tgfy rf`erl tgfn es tgfdr hmrls# \gus Ehhegseys tm tgfn( )\gmsf wgmn ymu wmrsgdp erf dnphmrdc` Ehheg iy wgm ds cferfr# Gmw( tgfc( lm ymu nekftgfn hmrls wgfc tgfy erf sfrvects dc cffl mo tgfdr Hmrl ecl dnphmrdc` Gdn iy Mcf wgm ds gd`gfr dc recktgec tgfy erf=)

Ehheg ehsm sedl2

)Do tgfy gel mchy( wgfc tgfy wfrf ucbust tm

tgfnsfhvfs( amnf uctm tgff ecl eskfl Ehheg'somr`dvfcfss( ecl tgfc tgf Nfssfc`fr gel eskflomr`dvfcfss omr tgfn( tgfy wmuhl gevf omuclEhheg dclffl Mot.rfturcdc`( Nmst Nfradouh)


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ehdvf( tgfy nedctedc e `fcfreh rfhfvecaf iy tgf `fcfrehdty mo tgf aeusf maaesdmcdc` tgfdr uttfrecaf# Qm tgfvfrsfs tekf dc wgmnfvfr setdsodfs suag e lfsardptdmc wgftgfr gf if ehdvf mr lfel#64[64^

Ecmtgfr fvdlfcaf ds tgf Uur'ecda vfrsf2 )Cmw tgf nec mo gds mwc pfmphf eppfehfl tm gdn [Nuse^

eèdcst gds omf) 97256$# Gfrf Ehheg ettrdiutfs e rfqufst omr gfhp tm e arfeturf wgm ds eskdc` smnfmcf mtgfrtgec Gdnsfho# \gds ds suoodadfct fvdlfcaf omr tgf pfrndssdidhdty omr eskdc` smnfmcf mtgfr tgec Ehheg omr

gfhp#

Do smnfmcf mibfats ecl seys tget tgf gfhp ifdc` smu`gt dc tgfsf tfxts ds ormn smnfmcf ehdvf ecl

wgm ges pmwfr mvfr gds eatdmcs( tgf rfphy ds tget ettrdiutdc` tgf pmwfr tm gdn do dt ds gfhl tm dssuf ormngdn dc e oesgdmc dclfpfclfct mo Ldvdcf essdstecaf ds tgf senf es kuor( tget ds ldsifhdfo# Ecl do dt ds mchyEhheg's pmwfr tm if e aeusf ecl nfecs( tgfc tgfrf ds cm ldoofrfcaf iftwffc hdvdc` ecl lfel# \gus tgf

rfadpdfct( ehdvf mr lfel( pmssfssfs tgf ndreahf es e tmkfc mo rfspfat ecl gmcmr# Do tgf sffkdc` mo edl ds cmtrfhetfl tm Ehheg hdtfrehhy ecl tm smnfmcf fhsf odùretdvfhy( tgf sffkdc` mo gfhp ds omridllfc dc fdtgfr aesf#

Ormn tgds ymu kcmw tgf sfarft mo tgf Zrmpgft's omrneh rfbfatdmc mo sffkdc` gfhp ormn gdnsfho wgfc EiuIekr eh.Qdlldq sedl2 )Ydsf% Pf wdhh esk tgf Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg omr gfhp ormn tgds gypmardtf) ecl tgf

Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg sedl tm gdn2 )Gfhp ds cmt smu`gt ormn nf# Gfhp ds smu`gt ormn Ehheg) lfspdtf tgf oeattget tgf Zrmpgft wes tgfc ehdvf ecl gel pmwfr mvfr gds eatdmcs# Gf mchy dctfclfl tm lfcy tgf sffkdc` mo

gfhp ormn gdn hdtfrehhy ecl dc rfehdty# Omr gf wectfl tm tfeag gds Amnnucdty tget gfhp mchy aec if smu`gt(dc rfehdty( ormn Ehheg#

Pf odcl ecmtgfr fvdlfcaf omrtewessuhdc tgf Uur'ecda vfrsf2

)\gfy lm cmt pmssfss dctfrafssdmc sevf tgmsfwgm gevf nelf e amvfcect wdtg tgfdr Hmrl) 54270$#

64[64Êh.jVtid sedl2 Es D wes sdttdc` iy tgf `revf mo tgf Zrmpgft s$( e Ifludc Erei aenf ecl sedl2

)Zfeaf if upmc ymu( M Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg% D gevf gferl Ehheg seydc`2 )Do tgfy gel mchy( wgfc tgfy wfrf

ucbust tm tgfnsfhvfs( amnf uctm tgff ecl eskfl Ehheg's omr`dvfcfss( ecl tgf Nfssfc`fr gel eskfl

omr`dvfcfss omr tgfn( tgfy wmuhl gevf omucl Ehheg dclffl Mot.rfturcdc`( Nmst Nfradouh)


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Qmnf mo tgf amnnfctetmrs mc Uur'ec sey tget tgf )amvfcect) eh.jegl$ ds tgf pgresf2 )\gfrf ds cm `ml iut

Ehheg ecl Nugennel ds tgf Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg#) \gf nfecdc` mo tgf vfrsf wmuhl if2 )Dctfrafssmrs wdhhcmt dctfraflf fxafpt omr tgmsf wgm sey2 \gfrf ds cm `ml iut Ehheg() tget ds( tgf ifhdfvfrs( hdkf wget wf odcl

wgfrf tgf Uur'ec seys2 )\gfy mchy dctfraflf omr mcf wgm ds eaafptfl) 95297$# Gmwfvfr( tgf rfsuhtdc`nfecdc 2 tgfy lm cmt pmssfss dctfrafssdmc omr ecymcf fxafpt tgmsf wgm nelf e amvfcect fta# ds oer.

oftagfl ecl smnfwget amcstredcfl#

\gf ifst amnnfctery mo Ehheg's stetfnfct )\gfy lm cmt pmssfss) ds )\gfy lm cmt mitedc#) \gfc(

tgf fxprfssdmc mo tgf fxafptdmc )sevf tgmsf wgm###) ds elndssdihf wdtgmut dnphydc` smnftgdc` dc elldtdmc(ecl tgf nfecdc` ds essfrtfl2 )Gf lmfs cmt pmssfss dctfrafssdmc fxafpt tgf mcf wgm seys2 \gfrf ds cm `ml

iut Ehheg#) \get ds( mchy tgf ifhdfvfrs dctfraflf# \gds ds hdkf tgf vfrsf )Ecl tgmsf uctm wgmn tgfy aehh

dcstfel mo Gdn pmssfss cm pmwfr mo dctfrafssdmc fxafpt gdn wgm ifers wdtcfss tm tgf \rutg)


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Eh.Ierr mc tgf eutgmrdty mo Dic jEiies ecl Eiu Cujeyn dc gds Gdhye mc tgf eutgmrdty mo Eces Dic Nehdkrfhetf( es eh.Geodz eh.Quyutd nfctdmcfl dc tgfBendj eh.Keidr#?9[?9^

Ehsm omucl es fvdlfcaf2 eh.\drndlgd( eh.Cese'd( eh.Ieygeqd( ecl eh.\eierecd rfhetf wdtg e smucl

agedc tget e ihdcl nec aenf tm tgf Zrmpgft ecl sedl2 )Zrey tm Ehheg tget Gf rfhdfvf nf#) \gf Zrmpgft sedl2)Do ymu wdsg D wdhh prey( ecl do ymu wdsg ymu ney if petdfct( ecl tget ds ifttfr#) \gfc gf preyfl omr gdn

ecl amnneclfl gdn tm nekf eihutdmc ecl lm gds eihutdmc wfhh ecl uttfr tgds preyfr2 )M Ehheg( D esk ymuecl D ellrfss Tmu iy Tmur Zrmpgft Nugennel( tgf Zrmpgft mo Nfray# M Nugennel( D ellrfss iy ymuny Hmrl dc ny cffl# M Ehheg( eaafpt gds dctfrafssdmc mc ny ifgeho#) \gfc gf rfturcfl ecl `edcfl gds

sd`gt# Eh.Iukgerd prmluafs tgds geldtg dc gds \e'rdkg Idm`repgdaeh Gdstmry$( Dic Nebeg( ecl eh.Gekdn dceh.Nustelrekwdtg e smucl agedc mo trecsndssdmc# Quyutd dc eh.Bend' eh.Keidrecl eh.Qe`gdrnfctdmcfl dtehsm# Dt ds tgfrfomrf fsteihdsgfl tget tgf Zrmpgft amnneclfl tgf ihdcl nec tm dcvmkf gdn ecl dnphmrf

Ehheg iy nfecs mo gdn tm eaamnphdsg gds cffl#

\gf Peggeids ney ahedn tget tgds ds mchy dc tgf hdof mo tgf Zrmpgft ecl tget dt lmfs cmt prmvdlffvdlfcaf omr tgf pfrndssdidhdty mo dnphmrdc` Ehheg iy nfecs mo gdn eotfr lfetg# Pf ecswfr tget tgds

preyfr ges iffc usfl iy tgf Amnpecdmcs ecl tgf Quaafssmrs ehsm eotfr tgf rfpmsf mo tgf Zrmpgft tmeaamnphdsg tgfdr cffls# \gf fvdlfcaf omr tgds ds wget eh.\eierecd ecl eh.Ieygeqd gevf rfhetfl( cenfhy(

tget e nec vdsdtfl jVtgnec dic jEooec( ney Ehheg if phfesfl wdtg gdn( lurdc` tgf tdnf wgfc gf wesAehdpg( amcafrcdc` e afrtedc cffl gf gel iut tgf cmihf Amnneclfr mo tgf Oedtgouh ldl cmt hmmkdnnfldetfhy dctm dt# \gf nec amnphedcfl tm jVtgnec Dic Guceyo wgm sedl tm gdn2 )@m ecl nekf

eihutdmc( tgfc `m tm tgf nmsquf ecl prey dc tgf omhhmwdc` neccfr2 )M Ehheg( D esk ymu ecl ellrfss ymu iyymur Zrmpgft Nugennel( tgf Zrmpgft mo Nfray# M Nugennel( D ellrfss ny Hmrl iy ymu tm eaamnphdsgny cffl#) \gfc nfctdmc ymur cffl#) Qm tgf nec wfct ewey ecl ldl prfadsfhy es gf wes tmhl ecl aenf

ieak tm tgf lmmr mo jVtgnec dic jEooec# \gfc tgf lmmrkffpfr aenf tm gdn( tmmk gds gecl( irmu`gt gdndctm tgf prfsfcaf mo jVtgnec ecl nelf gdn tm sdt lmwc wdtg gdn# jVtgnec sedl2 )\fhh nf wget ymu cffl)

ecl gf nfctdmcfl gds cffl ecl dt wes ouhodhhfl# \gfc tgf Aehdpg sedl tm gdn2 )Pgetfvfr cffl ymu gevf(nfctdmc dt tm nf#) Pgfc tgf nec wfct mut mo gds prfsfcaf gf nft Dic Guceyo ecl sedl2 )Ney Ehhegrfwerl ymu wdtg `mml omr gf wmuhl gevf cmt hmmkfl dctm ny cffl uctdh ymu spmkf tm gdn omr nf#) Iut DicGuceyo sedl2 )Iy Ehheg D ldl cmt spfek tm gdn( iut D wdtcfssfl Ehheg's Nfssfc`fr wgfc tgf ihdcl nec

aenf tm gdn ecl amnphedcfl eimut hmsdc` gds sd`gt#)?1[?1^

Quag ec eat amcstdtutfs tewessuh ecl gf aehhfl upmc gdn eotfr tgf lfetg mo tgf Zrmpgft mc tgf`rmucls tget tgf Zrmpgft ds hdvdc` dc gds `revf ecl gds reck ds eimvf tgf reck mo tgf Nertyrs wgmn Ehhegges fxprfsshy sedl tget tgfy erf hdvdc`( ifdc` prmvdlfl omr( wdtg tgfdr Hmrl#

Ecmtgfr fvdlfcaf omr tewessuh ds wget eh.Ieygeqd ecl Dic Eid Qgeyie rfhetf wdtg e smucl agedcmo trecsndssdmc tget e lrmu`gt eoohdatfl tgf pfmphf lurdc` tgf aehdpgetf mo jVner( ney Ehheg if phfesflwdtg gdn( ecl Idheh Dic eh.Gertg aenf tm tgf `revf mo tgf Zrmpgft ecl sedl2 )M Nfssfc`fr mo Ehheg( eskomr redc omr ymur amnnucdty( omr tgfy erf ifdc` lfstrmyfl#) \gfc tgf Nfssfc fr mo Ehheg aenf tm gdn dc elrfen ecl sedl tm gdn tget tgfy wmuhl gevf wetfr# \gds fvdlfcaf mo murs ds cmt dc tgf vdsdmc mo tgf

Zrmpgft# Fvfc do gds vdsdmc ds truf( tgf hf`eh ruhdc`s mo tgf Qgerdje erf cmt fsteihdsgfl iy lrfens( wgfrf

tgfrf ds rmmn tm aest lmuit mc tgf wmrls mr pfrspdaudty mo tgf lrfenfr# \gf fvdlfcaf wf erf adtdc` hdfs dctgf eatdmc mo mcf mo tgf Amnpecdmcs wgdhf tget Amnpecdmc wes ewekf# \get ds Idheh Dic eh.Gertg wgm

?9[?9^Geytgend seys dc Nebnej eh.zewe'dl2 )\eierecd's agedc amctedcs Yewg dic Qeheg wgm ges smnf

wfekcfss iut Dic Gdiiec ecl eh.Gekdn lfaherfl gdn trustwmrtgy# \gf rfst mo dts sui.cerretmrs erf tgf nfc mo smucl

geldtg#)?1[?1^Qmucl segdg$ geldtg rfhetfl iy Ieygeqd( Eiu Cujeyn dc tgf Nejrdoe( Nuclgdrd \er`gdi 52

7/28/2019 Th

The doctrine of Ahla'l-Sunna vs The Salafist Movement [English]

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