Praerit Garg, Co-founder & PresidentMargaret Dawson, Vice President

Distributed & Decentralized Cloud

www.symform.com

How much digital data are we creating every

second?

It’s all about the data

➡58 Gigabytes of data created every second

➡35 Zettabytes of digitally stored data by 2020

➡ That’s enough data to fill a stack of DVDs reaching from the Earth to the moon and back — about 240,000 miles each way.

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But…

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The ‘Cloud’ Will Save Us!

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Only one problem

Cloud is powered by massive centralized infrastructure

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Cloud driving massive data center build out

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Over 500,000 data centers worldwide covering 290m sqft or 6,000 football fields

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www.symform.com

What percentage of North American energy consumption do those data centers account

for?

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➡ Have to build for peak usage; excess capacity lying idle

➡ Power consumption issues

• 2% of North American energy consumption goes to servers and data centers

• 2% of global carbon footprint is data centers used to power cloud computing

• Google uses 260 million watts continuously across the globe -- equivalent to the power used by all the homes and businesses in a city of 200,000 people.

➡ Energy grid management

➡ Potential security and physical vulnerabilities (e.g. fire)

➡ Costs - data centers are expensive to build and maintain

➡ Bandwidth bottlenecks

Issues with over centralization

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9 ZB 4502015

2020 35 ZB

0.8 ZB 1602009

And we can’t keep pace with data growth . . .

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Good news . . .

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The Internet is already highly distributedInternet Users by Country

Billions of devices sitting on the edge

Data distributed across devices, networks, data centers, and geos

➡ Multi-tenant architecture

➡ Distributed database

➡ Virtualization

➡ Multi-threading

➡ Multi-core CPUs

➡ Parallel processing

➡ Distributed file systems

➡ Distributed Load Balancing

➡ RAID algorithms

Cloud Computing is driving distributed models:

You are already using distributed systems

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➡ System or process optimization

➡ Improved performance - faster

➡ Increased reliability & fault tolerance

➡ Lower costs

➡ Increased efficiencies

➡ Easier scalability or expansion

➡ Continuous or near continuous operations

And we’re realizing benefits

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www.symform.com

What’s the largest distributed & decentralized

system in the world?

Distributed alone is not enough . . .

Distributed only will not keep up with our data growth

Still heavily based on centralized models with distributed components

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Need to go beyond distributed to decentralized

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Unused instances

Over provisioning

Under use of reserved instances

Orphaned services

Millions of dollars invested and wasted

Contributing source: Mat Ellis

Why?

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➡ No central hub or owner

➡ Power of large numbers

➡ Organic, demand driven growth in capacity

➡ Leverages existing infrastructure and devices on edge

➡ Shared information

➡ Concept of “Contribution” to the community

➡ Assume everyone / every node is “untrusted”

➡ Geographic spread of:• Ownership & participation

• Costs

• Management overhead

• Risks

How to think about Decentralization

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There are good examples of

decentralization today

Good news . . .

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www.symform.com

Do you have an example of a decentralized

system?

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➡ Linux – a Unix-Based operating system

➡ Apache — a leading server software and scripting language on the web

➡ MySQL — a database management system

➡ PHP — a widely used open source general-purpose scripting language

➡ Blender — a 3D graphics and animation software

➡ OpenOffice.org – an office suite software with word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation capabilities

➡ Mozilla — a web browser and e-mail client

➡ Perl — a programming/scripting language

➡ Wikipedia — Online encyclopedia open for anyone to update and revise content

Open Source Movement

Decentralized Development

Programmers who support the open source movement philosophy contribute to the open source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development.

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Skype is the largest telephone company in the world but has almost no centralized infrastructure

Decentralized Communications

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Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)

Decentralized Processing

World Community Grid

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Decentralized Cloud StorageWhat if we aggregated all the unused capacity across servers, desktops and storage devices on the edge of the Internet to build a global storage network?

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➡ CMOs often have as much IT purchasing power as CIOs

➡ Employees are buying rogue platforms, applications and devices

Alas . . . Also already here

Decentralized IT budgets

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Whoa! . . . “This is chaos for enterprise IT”

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➡ IT Policy and governance

➡ Security and compliance mandates

➡ Definition of “trust”

➡ API management

➡ Shared services (SOA)

➡ Vendor evaluation guidelines

➡ Data analysis aggregation (search, e-discovery & reporting)

What Stays Centralized?

Doesn’t mean loss of centralized control or IT power

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➡ Desire for Control

➡ Geo-political differences

➡ Random expertise

➡ Data security and encryption

➡ Integration

➡ Need more open API’s

➡ Consistent Quality of Service

Issues with decentralization

We are still in early stages

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www.symform.com

How much digitally stored data will there be

by 2020?

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We still need data centers

Data centers are ideal for:

➡ High volume, low latency transactions

➡ Data warehousing

➡ Search

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➡ Assumption of “untrusted” should be your security principle today

➡ Worry less about where the data is and on how to control access

➡ Be the source of centralized policy and governance

To Leverage Distributed & Decentralized Models

But we can look for opportunities

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Today’s Cloud: Centralized Data Centers

Apple

Google

Amazon

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Tomorrow’s Cloud: Decentralized Grids

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www.symform.com

Q&A

www.symform.com

Thank Youmargaret@symform.com

praerit@symform.com

Cloud Connect Advisory Council

CloudNOWAdvisory Council