The Digestive System. The Mouth The Digestive System The Mouth Physical Digestion.
The Digestive System. Your digestive system What is Digestion? ◦ Put it into words… The...
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Transcript of The Digestive System. Your digestive system What is Digestion? ◦ Put it into words… The...
Your digestive systemYour digestive system
What is Digestion?◦Put it into words…
The mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller parts so they can be absorbed into the body.
Your digestive systemYour digestive systemThe digestive system is a series
of organs and glands that break down food into it’s simplest forms for energy
The GI TractThe GI TractThe Gastrointestinal Tract
◦Is the muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, to the anus
◦
The Mouth The Mouth Mastication (chewing) occurs
Liquids added to food by the salivary glands◦Enzyme amylase breaks down starch
Epiglottitis closes off the pathway to the lungs
The EsophagusThe EsophagusUpper Esophageal Sphincter
Peristalsis takes over
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (entrance to the stomach)
The StomachThe StomachStrongest muscle of the GI Tract
Adds liquids, enzymes and grinds food into a semi-liquid mass called chyme
Food exits through pyloric sphincter
The StomachThe StomachDegrades proteins using
Hydrochloric Acid and Pepsin
Has a protective lining which protects the body from gastric juices
The LiverThe LiverCreates Bile which is key to emulsifying fat
◦Bile stored in the gallbladder
Stores glycogen (storage form of glucose)◦Has a role in regulating blood sugar
Stores most minerals and vitamins
Receives all nutrients that are taken in through digestion and packages them for other organs and cells
The Small IntestineThe Small IntestineMade up of the Duodenum,
Jejunum and the Ileum
Bile reaches the chyme from the gall bladder and pancreas
Majority of nutrient absorption occurs here
The small intestine The small intestine
Covered with villi to increase surface area which allows maximum absorption to occur
Pancreas Pancreas Part of your Endocrine system
Secretes enzymes which help further break down energy nutrients
Releases bicarbonate which neutralizes the acidic chyme arriving from the stomach
Large IntestineLarge IntestineAnything that makes it through to
the small intestines
Water and other fluids are absorbed as well as some nutrients
Some fiber is broken down and absorbed by bacteria living here, the rest leaves the body
Common Digestive Common Digestive ProblemsProblemsChoking Acid RefluxUlcersDiarrheaVomitingIrritable Bowel Syndrome
Acid reflux a.k.a. HeartburnThe lower esophgeal sphincter
allows stomach acids into the esophagus
Causes◦Eating/drinking too much◦Tight clothing◦Being overweight◦Change in body position
UlcersWeakening in the lining of the
stomach or intestines
Leads to internal bleeding, very painfulPossibly stomach cancer
Causes◦ Bacterial infection◦ Anti-inflammatory drugs◦ Excessive gastric acid secretion
Other factors affect digestionSleep
◦Repair and maintenancePhysical Activity
◦Improves muscle tone and functionMental State
◦Affects the nerves and hormones during healthy digestion
Variety of foods in one’s diet