The Digestive System. 3 Functions of the digestive system DIGESTION ABSORPTION ELIMINATION.
The Digestive System
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Transcript of The Digestive System
![Page 1: The Digestive System](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062722/5681392e550346895da0d82e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Presented By: Sam Lund, Donovan Parker, Tom Srebernak
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1. Extract nutrients from food
2. Transform nutrients into useful formsEx. Oreo= Glucose (sugar)
3. Absorb nutrients and distribute them where they are needed
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Ingestion: Intake of nutrients
Digestion: Breakdown of large particles into smaller ones
Absorption: Uptake of nutrient molecules
Defecation: Elimination of undigested residues
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1. Intake- Breaks up food- Moves food through the GI tract (Peristalsis)- Mixes with digestive enzymes
2. Secretion- Release of enzymes and hormones for
chemical digestion and regulation
3. Membrane Transport- Absorption of nutrients from the tissues by
the blood and lymph for transport
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Mechanical: Physical breakdown of food
Chemical: Digestive enzymes hydrolyze food particles to break larger molecules into smaller ones
Some nutrients are absorbed without digestion Vitamins, minerals, cholesterol, water
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Oral Cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine
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6 meters in length
Functions: Chemical Digestion Nutrient Absorption Nutrient
Transportation
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Digestion and absorption of food
Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas Enter the small
intestine via the pancreatic duct.
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Duodenum (25 cm) Food mixes with bile
from the gallbladder. Jejunum (2.5m)
Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.
Ileum (3.6 m) Reabsorbs bile acids.
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1.5 meters long Responsible for absorption of water from
the indigestible residue of food
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Ascending Colon: Descending Colon:
Up the right side Down the left side
Cecum: Sac on Sigmoid Colon:
lower right side S-shaped
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Ascending Colon-Removes water and other nutrients
Transverse Colon-Expulsion of waste materials, continues leaching out
Descending Colon-Absorbs water from fecal matter. Stores food particles that are to be emptied into the rectum.
Sigmoid Colon- Make and eliminate feces. Contains 60 varieties of bacteria
Rectum- Temporary storage for fecal matter before it’s eliminated from the body through the anal canal.
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Functions: A. Ingestion:
Cheeks lips and tongue mobilize food
B. Digestion: Mechanical
Mastication Chemical
3 salivary glands Digests some starches and fat
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Purpose: Pharyngeal constrictors force food down during swallowing
Divided into 3 parts: Epipharynx Mesopharynx Hypopharynx
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Straight Muscular tube about 1 foot long
Purpose: Muscular contraction moves food towards stomach
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Muscular sac on the left side of the peritoneal cavity
Functions: Food storage Mechanical
digestion Chemical
digestion
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Saliva: Amylase: Breaks down starch Lipase: Breaks down fats when it enters the
stomach
Stomach: HCL: Activates enzymes, breaks up foods Pepsin: Digests proteins Renin: Digests milk
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Starches bloodstream
Fats lymph vessels (lacteals)
Proteins bloodstream