Digestion: Process of breaking down food molecules so nutrients can be absorbed.
The Digestive System. 3 functions Digestion – breakdown of food into nutrients that can be...
-
Upload
sabrina-ray -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
1
Transcript of The Digestive System. 3 functions Digestion – breakdown of food into nutrients that can be...
3 functions Digestion – breakdown of food
into nutrients that can be absorbed in the form of molecules
Absorption – passage of nutrients into the bloodstream to be carried to body tissues & cells
Excretion – elimination of waste products
Gastrointestinal Tract Extends from mouth to anus
The gastrointestinal tract consists of the following : Mouth Throat Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum Small bowel Colon Rectum Anus
Other organs of GIT
Liver (hepatobiliary system) Gallbladder Pancreas
These organs lie outside GIT but contribute to the Digestion process
Mouth Food is moistened and chewed (i.e.
mastication) Contains teeth, tongue, Contains hard & soft palate (roof
of mouth) Contains uvula which stops food
entering the nasal cavity with swallowing
Mouth Cont’d
Salivary glands supply saliva with digestive enzymes for food breakdown
Tonsils – located in oropharynx & produce leucocytes
Stomach Hollow organ Lies below diaphragm in upper
abdominal cavity, LUQ It is divided into three (3) sections i) the fundus ii) the body which is the middle section iii) the pylorus (the lower, small end).
Stomach cont’d Gastric juices break down the food into watery
material to make absorption easier Pepsin (an enzyme) also breaks down food
Has 2 sphincters
1. cardiac sphincter – prevents regurgitation into oesophagus 2. pyloric sphincter – controls passage of food into small intestine
Small Intestine Is 6 metres long
Nutrients from broken down food is absorbed through the intestinal walls
3 sections 1. duodenum –connected to pylorus of stomach 2. jejunum – middle section 3. ileum- lower section and joins onto large intestine
Stoma -stomy Stoma means a surgical opening
-stomy is also referred to an operation to form an opening between two parts e.g. stomach to abdomen
Can be an opening from the intestine onto the outside of the body after surgical removal of part of intestine
-stomy
Is joined onto combining forms to add meaning e.g.
Jejun / o / stomy is creation of a new opening through the
abdominal wall into the jejunum
Ile /o / stomy is creation of a new opening through the
abdominal wall into the ileum
-stomyIt is also used with two combining forms for organs & means an opening between twobody parts or organs that would normally beseparated
Gastr / o / enter / o /stomy is a new surgical opening between stomach and small intestine
NB: when the 2 combining forms gastr/o and enter/o are joined the combining vowel is retained
Suffixes
Gram – refers to a drawing or picture
Graphy – refers to the technique of making a recording
Graph – refers to the instrument that make the recording
Word components
Word root Combining form
Meaning
gastr gastr/o stomach
duoden duoden/o
jejun jenun/o
ile ileo /o
Large Intestine (i.e. large bowel)
1 metre long
Water is absorbed through large intestine back into body
waste becomes solid
Large Intestine cont’d
3 major sections
Caecum hold appendix Colon – ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
Word components
Word Root Combining Form
Meaning
caec caec/o a blind ended pouch
appendic appendic/o appendage
col col/o large bowel
sigm sigmoid/o sigmoid colon
rect rect/o rectum
peritone peritone/o peritoneum, membrane covering abdominal organs
Liver
Liver –manufactures & releases bile
Lies in RUQWord Root
Combining Form
Meaning
Hepat hepat/o liver
Chol chol/e bile
Gallbladder Lies inferior surface of liver stores bile & releases bile through
common bile duct into duodenum
Word Root Combining Form
Meaning
cyst cyst/o bladder,combined with chole it refers to gallbladder
choledoch choledoch/o common bile duct
lapar lapar/o soft part between ribs & hipsrefers to the abdomen
Pancreas Lies posterior to stomach Produces juices filled with enzymes to
digest food Releases digestive juices into the
duodenum Secretes insulin which is a hormone is
released when blood sugar levels rise
pg 42
Procedures
Cholecystectomy Cholecystography Colonoscopy Enterectomy Hemicolectomy Laparoscopy Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty pg
44
Prefixes
Prefix Meaning
dys difficult
dyspepsia difficulty with digestion
hypo below
hypoglossal below the tongue
sublingual below the tongue
hyper above.or more than normal
hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
Suffixes
Suffix Meaning
pepsia digestion
ostomy surgical opening
colostomy surgical opening into colon
otomy surgical incision
gastrotomy surgical incision into the stomach pg 45