THE DIAPHRAGM TYLER POSTMAN. THE BASICS OF THE DIAPHRAGM It is part of the respiratory system It is...
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Transcript of THE DIAPHRAGM TYLER POSTMAN. THE BASICS OF THE DIAPHRAGM It is part of the respiratory system It is...
THE BASICS OF THE DIAPHRAGM
• It is part of the respiratory system
• It is found in the thoracic cavity or chest
• Separates the chest from the abdomen
• Is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle
• Controls air movement
ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM
• Three main parts
• Sternal
• Two muscle slips arising from the posterior surface back of the xiphoid process
• Costal
• The inner surfaces of the costal cartilages and adjacent proportions of the lower six ribs on either side
• Lumbar/Vertebral
• Arising from upper three lumbar vertebrae; forms the right & left crura & the arcuate ligaments
SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM
• Main parts are:
• Central Tendon
• Right & left crus
• Right & left dome
• Right and left crura (muscle columns that help attach the diaphragm)
OPENINGS IN THE DIAPHRAGM
• There are three openings
• The Aortic
• Is found between the crura, aorta,
thoric duct, and azygos vein
• Esophageal
• Is found level to the T10 vertebra
in some muscle fibers from the right crus
• Venal Caval
• Is found level to the T8 vertabra in the central tendon
FUNCTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM
• It controls the air intake and exhale for the lungs
• It contracts into a flat dome shape and this makes
more room for the air which fills the lungs
• When relaxed, it decreases the volume and pushes out the air
• As it contracts it also pushes out the ribs which also allows for more air
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• The diaphragm is part of the respiratory system
• This is due to the fact that it aids in the
breathing process
• Without the diaphragm we would not be able
to breath
• It is the most important muscle in the entire
respiratory system
MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM
• Diaphragmatic Hernia
• Is a birth defect where there is an opening in the diaphragm which allows the abdominal organs into the chest cavity near the lungs
• Symptoms can be: Bluish colored skin (from lack of oxygen), fast breathing, or fast heart rate
• This can be treated by surgery to put the abdominal organs back in their place and to close he opening in the diaphragm
MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM
• A - Plain X-ray of the thorax of a newborn with diaphragmatic hernia. There are bowel loops into the left hemi-thorax, the mediastinum is displaced to the contralateral side and the space occupied by the lung is reduced.
• B - small bowel loops can be seen entering the thorax through the orifice.
• C - seen after reducing the contents of the hernia.
• D - At autopsy, extreme left lung hypoplasia and less severe right lung hypoplasia were discovered.
• Diaphragmatic Hernia Pictures
MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM
• Hiccups
• Is a involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm accompanied by the approximation of the vocal folds and closure of the glottis of the larynx.
• It is a common condition in normal individuals and occurs after eating or drinking as a result of gastric irritation of the vagus nerve endings.
• It can also be a symptom of disease such as pleurisy, peritonitis, pericarditis, or uremia.
SOURCES
• http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc06.html#full-d escription
• http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/respiratory_system.php
• http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5292/1265/
• http://www.bmc.org/thoracicsurgery/diseasesandconditions-diaphragm.htm
• http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=File:Gray0391.jpg
• http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/298107-overview
• http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Respiratory_System_-_Diaphragm
• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001135.htm