The Development of the Atomic Theory
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The Development of the Atomic Theory
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The Development of the Atomic Theory. Write 1-2 paragraphs that describe one specific example where science has altered the course of society (history), or society has changed the direction (focus, etc.) of science. Make sure to write clearly and include specifics. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Development of the Atomic Theory
The Development of the Atomic
Theory
Write 1-2 paragraphs that describe one specific example where science has altered the course of society (history), or society has changed the direction (focus, etc.) of science.
Make sure to write clearly and include specifics.
Please cite any sources you use.
Does History drive Science?
OR
Does Science drive History?
Examples of the Interplay of Science and History:
Atomic bomb – even today
The Automobile
Priestley’s lab
Lavoissier’s demise
Back to the beginning…
Of civilization itself…
List the 4 origins of civilization on earth:
Hint: all were located in “fertile river valleys”
China
India
The Middle East
This stela depicts an Assyrian archer
Geographically speaking:
Some questions to ponder:
Which of the four “died out”?
Who do “we” trace our roots to?
What’s the next chapter in our story of atoms?
ΩΨΔΘΣΚ
It’s Greek to me…
Greek ElementsFire
Water
Air
Earth
Democritus (460-371 B.C.) formulated the first atomic
hypothesis (theory): All matter consists of smallest (indivisible) entities (atoms), separated by empty space.
Richard Feynman remarked that this is the most important and far-reaching hypothesis ever formulated about nature.
Democritus’ Atomic TheoryMatter composed of tiny particles
These particles are “un-cuttable” (atomos)
Called the particles “atoms”
No scientific evidence or proof
Aristotle Disagreed with
Democritus Matter is continuous No atoms Ideas persisted 2000
years Why?
The Roman Empire Romans “took over” from
the Greeks Peak of Roman Empire
around the year zero Split into 2 empires
Rome Constantinople
Final collapse Rome 410 Constantinople 476
The fall of the Roman Empires
Western -- Rome
Eastern – Constantinople
Following slide: Map of Roman Empire in the Second Century A.D.
The Middle AgesApproximately 500 AD – 1450 ADNo real progressFeudalismPlaguesCrusadesHow they thought…
The AlchemistsGoals
ConnectionsExplorationFairy talesModern Literature
Actual Benefits
Joseph Wright of Derby (1734-97)The Alchymist in Search of the Philosophers' Stone discovers Phosphorus, 1771.
Alchemists goals
To turn cheap stuff into gold
Immortality
Newton and AlchemyThe real news is … just how much and for
how long alchemy/chymistry was among Newton’s major activities. … which has shown that it was part of the intellectual scenery of the time. The news is that although Newton is a familiar name and a hero of modern science, the world he lived in and the ways he – and his contemporaries – thought are, by and large, very unfamiliar to us today.
Quoted from: http://whewellsghost.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/newton-and-alchemy-a-constant-surprise/
Art in the Middle Ages
The RennaissanceWhen
Changes in…
What REALLY changed?
A little art quiz…
Raphael 1513
Madonna and Child, , about 1290 - 1295
Master of St. Cecilia Italian
Mona Lisa
1503-1506
Leonardo da Vinci
St. Luke, about 1330s
Simone Martini Italian,
Lady with Ermine
1483-90
Leonardo da Vinci
the Sistine Chapel
1508-1512
Michaelangelo
Bindo Altoviti c. 1515
Raphael
Madonna and Child, ca. 1326
Simone Martini (Italian [Siena], ca. 1284–1344)
A short commercial for the Getty Museums…
The Getty Villa
The Getty Museum
Robert Boyle
1627-91
First Modern Chemist
Robert Boyle
A fragment of the code that Boyle used to disguise the names of chemicals in his experimental notes
Robert Boyle
His air pump in the background
Boyle’s Law, 1662
Joseph Priestley (1733–1804)
Jacques Alexandre César Charles
1746 - 1823
Wrote very little
“Charles the Geometer”
Charles Law, 1802 (reported by Gay-Lussac)
Frightened peasants attacking Charles’ balloon
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
1778 - 1850
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Jean-Baptiste Biot in their balloon on 24 August 1804.
Lavoissier
Father of ChemistryFranceFamily lifePolitical tiesThe end…
Joseph Proust
The Law of Definite Proportions
1790’s
Law of Definite Proportions
states that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
Allows us to write chemical formulas:
H2O, Na2CO3, C6H12O6
Law of Multiple Proportionsstates that the same elements can
combine in DIFFERENT ratios, forming DIFFERENT compounds.
Is H2O an example?
H2O AND H2O2 or: CO2 AND CO
1800 – What do we have?
Law of Conservation of Matter
Law of Definite Proportions
Law of Multiple Proportions
What Next?
Many ScientistsGreat AcheivementsNo unityNo understanding
John Dalton English school
teacher Worked with
gases and weather
“Daltonism” A Timeline of the
Atomic Theory
Dalton’s Atomic Theory -- 1803
1. All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible, particles called atoms.
2. Atoms of the same element are the same; atoms of different elements are different.
3. Atoms combine in small whole-number ratios to form compounds. (the Law of Definite Proportions)
4. Atoms are rearranged in chemical reactions.
The Size of Atomshttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/sci
enceopticsu/powersof10/index.html
The End
