www.thalesgroup.com OPEN

The development of air defence solutions to counter ever-evolving threats 29 November 2018

Ian Briggs

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Contents

▌ Where are we now?

Historic VSHORAD requirements

Current air defence landscape in which we operate

▌ Where are we going?

How are the air defence threats evolving?

The challenge for missile designers

- Customer pull

▌ How do we get there?

System-level approach to concept development

Engineering-level concept design

- Technology push

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FGAs

Where are we now?

▌ Existing VSHORAD requirements

Relatively few targets

Well-defined target set

Traditional near-peer enemy

- Led to the creation of highly-specialised effects

Attack helicopters Cruise missiles

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Where are we now? STARStreak-HVM

▌ STARStreak-HVM

Innovative approach to the customer needs

High Velocity Missile

- Mach 3 following two-stage motor burn

- Delivers 3 high-energy hittiles to maximise the

probability of hit

- Darts penetrate the target before warhead detonation

Minimises chance of reaction from targets

Not susceptible to countermeasures

Designed to be highly effective against FGAs and late unmasking targets

Effective range of 7 km

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Where are we now? LMM

▌ LMM

Complementary missile to STARStreak-

HVM

Multirole

- Surface-to-air (CS-GBAD)

- Air-to-surface (FASGW-L)

- Surface-to-surface (land and maritime

force protection)

Additional capability against UAS and

point-defence against cruise missiles

- Addition of a blast fragmentation

warhead and proximity fuze

Effective out to 6 km

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Anti radiation missile

ATGW

Attack Helicopter

Air ground missile

Ground attack aircraft

Sub, Super Sonic Cruise

Where are we now? STARStreak-HVM & LMM

Class 2 UAV

Altitu

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Range

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Anti radiation missile

Tactical Ballistic missile

300mm Rocket

120mm Rocket

120mm mortar

Glide bomb

ATGW

Attack Helicopter

Air ground missile

Ground attack aircraft

Sub, Super Sonic Cruise

Where are we going? Changing landscape of air defence

Hypersonic Cruise

Class 2 UAV

Class 3 UAV

Traditional CS-GBAD

Altitu

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Range

C-UAS

Micro UAV

Nano UAV

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Changing landscape of air defence

▌ Rapid evolution of threat capability and application

▌ Proliferation of smaller targets

UAVs, including swarms

▌ Trend towards increased standoff of the traditional threat

What are the implications of increased range?

- Do we need a different approach to guidance and identification?

- Places increased demand on guidance accuracy

Gives the target low observability

- Implications for sensors

▌ Cannot guarantee air superiority

May have time-limited pockets of superiority

Expect persistent UAVs

Need to increase combat mass

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▌ Global picture: multiple international customers

Each with different requirement sets within the air defence landscape

▌ Importance of having an agile response

Ability to maintain or reduce time-to-action despite increasing complexity of

response (critical decision chain)

Changing landscape of air defence

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Changing landscape of air defence

▌ Expect the airspace to be saturated

Need increased combat mass to counter the increased diversity of threat

Expect multiple simultaneous targets

- Places increasing strain on the Fire Control System rather than the effector

- Lends itself to a coordinated system-level approach

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Changing landscape of air defence - summary

▌ Important to recognise that the traditional threat set still exists

Likely to still be a need for STARStreak/LMM-type capability

Range has been extended

- Does our approach change?

– Target the munition rather than platform?

– Change our CONOPS approach?

– How do we define a mission success?

It now exists within a much more complex and challenging air defence landscape

- The threat has reacted and adapted to current air defence measures

- We need to pre-empt the enemy response

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▌ How do we get there?

Part 1: Concept development approach

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Concept development approach

▌ Concept design cycle

Customer requirements

Sub-systems

- Requirement pull

- Technology push

Air Defence solutions

- Effectors

- Fire Control System

- Detection

- Decision-making

Operational Assessment

- Thales Battlelab

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▌Thales Battlelab

Virtual prototyping tool

- Hardware-in-the-loop

environment

- Explore situations with customers

– Individual platforms

– Overall solutions

– System of Systems

- Develop/demonstrate CONOPS

- Quick turnaround

Also inform new concepts at an early stage of the design cycle

- Allows the user to be an integral part of the process

Concept development approach

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Concept development approach

▌ We can implement spiral development cycles

Shorter development timelines

Faster turnaround

Requires a highly-skilled workforce

▌ Exploit commonality, modularity, re-use

Modular family of weapons to cover a wide number of targets/ranges – ‘layered approach’

Leads to a flexible solution to meet a wide range of customer needs

Allows for adaptability if requirements change

Lends itself to future subsystem upgrades

Plug-and-play operation

Ability to re-use well-proven technology

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▌ How do we get there?

Part 2: Concept design

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Concept design

ACCURACY v COST v MASS

REQ

s

INCREASED STAND-OFF

MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS

TARGETS

FIRE & FORGET (FIRE & MOVE)

DATA COORDINATION

TEC

H A

REA

S

ROCKET MOTOR GUIDANCE PLATFORM WARHEAD

NOVEL PROPELLANTS

THRUST MANAGEMENT

TERMINAL CONTROL

SMALLER TARGETS

TEC

H S

OLU

TIO

NS

TRADITIONAL

NOVEL SOLUTIONS

(EMP/DEW, etc)

DIRECTED EFFECT

IMPROVED ACCURACY

LASER BEAM RIDING

MULTI-CHANNEL BEAM RIDING

SEMI-ACTIVE BEAM RIDING

SEEKERS

REMOTE UNITS

INTELLIGENT ALGORITHMS

TARGET MANAGEMENT

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▌ Conclusions

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Conclusions

▌ We can expect an evolutionary threat development

Multiple small targets, RAM, etc.

Traditional threat set still exists, but at increased stand-off

▌ Need to be able to address this evolution of the threat

Develop our evaluation processes

Build and maintain a UK-level experienced skills base

Use technology awareness to influence the customers’ direction

▌ Develop innovative solutions to meet the customer requirements

Layered, modular approach

Maximise coverage

Make better use of digital technology

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