THE DESIGN OF AUTOMATED SMART ENERGY WASTE …
Transcript of THE DESIGN OF AUTOMATED SMART ENERGY WASTE …
U6CAU Proceedings Volume 1, Number 1, 122 - 134, September, 2019 Maiden Edition
on Harnessing African Potentials for Sustainable Development, Calabar, Nigeria ISSN 1596-1273
THE DESIGN OF AUTOMATED SMART ENERGY WASTE MANAGEMENT
THERAPY (ASEWMT): AN INNOVATION
Fina O. Faithpraise
*1, Otosi B. Faithpraise
2, Udie A. Celestine
3 and Aloamaka A. Chukwudi
4
*1Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Calabar, Nigeria
2Department of Business Management, University Of Calabar, Nigeria.
3Department of Petroleum Engineering, University Of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
4Department of Computer Engineering, University Of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Efficient management of the distributed energy in homes is the greatest challenge of the power
sector, it is also essential and of utmost importance in most developing nations like Nigeria.
The design of an automated smart Energy waste management therapy is based on Light
Emitting Diode (LED), Light dependent resistor (LDR) and Infrared Pyroelectric sensor to
automatically monitor the transmitted energy and avoid unnecessary waste. The ASEWMT is a
simple circuit fitted with light sensitive sensors and instruction code to monitor energy waste in
various homes. The system is designed to run in automatic mode to control and efficiently
monitor all bulbs including security and streetlight as well as bedrooms bulbs and those find
mostly in public places such as streets, stations, mining, schools, offices and industries where
human control is somewhat limited. It will enhance accurate and automatic turning ON and
OFF of lighting bulbs both day and at dusk where necessary, and will improve energy
efficiency and avoid energy waste thus achieving greater energy management. The system
control is capable of making reasonable adjustment according to seasonal variation based on
the position of the equator at sunset. The ASEWMT has the capability of monitoring, detecting
errors on signal lines and sending emergency respond request to improve efficient
management of electricity consumed. Increased efficiencies can as well result to cut costs
marginally.
Keywords: automatic bulbs, effective management, energy waste, smart control, position of
equator.
INTRODUCTION
Power transmission and its efficient use is of
utmost important in developing countries
(Nigeria) in particular. Up to this moment,
almost all the 36 states in Nigeria including
FCT Abuja are still struggling to have
sufficient power supply (megawatt) to cater
for the needs of its citizenry, yet a greater
drawback is experienced on the failure of
efficient utilization of the transmitted power.
Regrettably, there are still areas identified as
flash points on energy waste which are listed
as: street lights, security lights, bathroom
lights, and lighting in institutions (lecture
theatres and Laboratories). These lighting
systems as enumerated are built to provide
illumination for public places like the airports,
lanes, highways, classrooms, lecture theatre,
laboratories and homes. This sectors or places
have over the years witness manual control of
its switching circuitry. The manual operations
on the control of this lighting systems had
introduced possible infractions and
inaccuracies in the switching responsibilities
of the administrators. The infringements
noticed include delay in operating the control
system; laziness on the part of employees,
disappointment due to unforeseen
circumstances and natural occurrences. A few
of these inconsistencies include Street light
and security bulbs being permanently left to
be on the “ON” position during the day
between the hours of 6am till 6pm or Street
lights and security bulbs are left on the “OFF”
position during the night between the hours of
6pm to 6am. Regrettably, Room bulbs may
remain on the “ON” position 24 hours and
may only change position when there is power
outrage. Offices, Laboratories and lecture
theatre bulbs are left permanently on the
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“ON” position both day and night. The results
of these discrepancies have triggered most
areas to be left on total darkness while other
areas light sources (bulbs) remain
permanently ON and only go OFF where there
is power failure or where the system
malfunction as illustrated on Fig 1. The
Manual operation of our present lighting
system both at home and work places has
profited us nothing rather continuous energy
waste. How can this wastage be curb in order
to improve energy efficiency and power
management? Energy management can simply
be described as the process of tracking and
observing energy usage in order to conserve,
control and reduce energy
Fig. 1: Lighting trend in some flash point areas.
consumption in buildings. In order to achieve
this, Cost reduction (which represents 25% of
all operating costs in an office building),
Carbon emissions reduction (to meet internal
sustainability goals and regulatory
requirements on environmental health hazard)
and Risk reduction (on energy consumption to
curb energy price increase or supply
deficiencies) which could extremely affect
work productivity and improve development
over time must be ensured. Jim Wallace
(2008). The concern to reduce energy waste
has been a recurrent decimal as many
researchers have considered this option with
minimal successes. Saad et al. (2010),
worked on an Automatic Street light control
system using a microcontroller, where two
kinds of sensors, light and photoelectric
sensors were proposed to turn on and off
streetlights only. Sharath et al. (2015)
designed and implemented Automatic Street
light control with the use of sensors and solar
panel, with a pulse width modulation (PWM)
to control the light intensity of the led. Md.
Sazol, et al., (2018), implemented Automatic
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Lighting Trend
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Street light control system with light
dependent resistor and motion sensor, where
the street lights were switched on just before
the sun set and switched off the next day
morning when there is sufficient light on the
road.
This design consumed huge power
when most of the vehicles were not in motion
during the night. Archana and Mahalahshmi
(2014), deployed led powered intelligent
street lighting system with automatic
brightness adjustment based on climatic
conditions and vehicle movements but with a
group of measuring stations in the street and a
base station located nearby. Shah et al.
(2017), proposed the control of street light
with different light intensity using pic
microcontroller with an infrared (ir)
which sensed the light and automatically
turned ON lights when a car was passing by
and switched OFF lights whenever the car
passed away. Gowdhaman and Surendran
(2017), interfaced an Automatic Street light
control and fault detection system with cloud
storage to switch ON/OFF street lights
through an Internet of Things (IoT) device.
The street light system used a LDR to sense
for ON/OFF switch positions. The changes in
the atmospheric light intensity conditions
were detected by the LDR sensor. If some led
lights went bad and not respond to the signal
from the LDR, the system would generate a
message and send SMS toward member or a
ward serviceman mobile number through
GSM. At the same time, the sensor values
were stored in cloud server. Sharath Patil et
al. (2015), anticipated Sensor-Based
Automatic Street lighting system to detect an
approaching vehicle and switched ON a block
of street lights ahead of the vehicle only, and
when the vehicle moved past a block of street
light it switched OFF the trailing lights to
save energy. During the night all the lights on
the highway remained ON for the vehicles,
but lots of energy was wasted when there was
no vehicular movement. Ambresh et al.
(2015), demonstrated Smart Automatic Street
light system which used a LDR and an IC 555
timer. During the day when sun rays fell on
the LDR, its resistance decreased which
resulted in a low output signifying the street
lights remaining in an OFF state. But at night,
when darkness roseto a certain level then the
resistance of LDR increased which resulted in
a decrease of the voltage at pin 2 of the IC
555 timer thereby activating an output of light
to overshadow the darkness. Rajput et al.
(2013), proposed intelligent street lighting
system using GSM to display real-time data
and nodes controlled by a micro-processor
with embedded sensors, measuring different
parameters like CO2 sensor, fog sensor, light
intensity sensor, noise sensor and GSM
modules for wireless data transmission and
reception between concentrator and PC. Each
node in the network was linked to the main
server via a protocol. The sensor convert
analogue data sensed to digital form,
processed it and then sent to the server. The
nodes transmit data to the master, while the
master collects the data and further send it to
a concentrator and server where the data was
monitored and if necessary transmit the
controlling action to the chip to switch
On/Off the nodes devices. This scenario
increased the life span of the street lights,
reduced power consumption, ease of
monitoring and controlling energy usage.
Faithpraise et al. (2018), proposed electricity
fraud detection system capable of detecting
the presence and absence of light, to improve
energy utilization and curb waste. Xiaohua et
al. (2012) analysed energy management
activities for commercial buildings of a
financial service company in South Africa by
energy efficiency in terms of performance
using POET, Soib and Anwar (2012)
discussed extensively on modality of energy
efficiency and management and Francisco et
al. (2016) proposed ICT solution for
managing energy sources by means of
integration of the energy systems and
monitoring networks. The reports indicated
that most of the design works were based on
street lights, while most of the areas
designated energy waste flash point ( Fig. 1)
were ignored or over looked. This studies is
aimed at proposing a solution to energy waste
and proper power management on the areas
identified as energy waste flash point, by
suggesting an Automated Smart Energy
Waste Management therapy. This is a unique
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model which attempts to address the issues of
energy waste not only on street lights but in
our public institutions, homes security ways,
offices, laboratory, lecture theatre as well as
bedroom lighting system by using a sensing
and designed smart circuit.
Theoretical Modelling of the Control of
Energy waste
Let street lamps and security lamps left
permanently on the “ON” position during the
day between the hours of 6am to 6pm be
represented with ∩. while street and security
ways lamps left on the “OFF” position during
the night between the hours of 6pm to 6am be
represented with Ω. Let offices and room
lamps left on the “ON” position 24 hours and
may only change state when there is power
outrage be represented with ր. Let
laboratories and lecture theatre bulbs left
permanently on the “ON” position both day
and night be represented with ≠. From these
variables, energy waste can be modeled from
the propose equations as thus:
Eq. 1
Where
=Energy waste, = energy waste by
street and security lamps, = energy waste
by room bulbs, = energy waste by
laboratories, lecture theatres and class rooms.
= lamps, = mortality rate of lamps
While equation 2 is a proposed model for
energy waste management
Eq. 2
Where
= Energy saving, =efficiency of
curving energy waste.
From the equation 1 and 2, it is possible to
model and simulate a real time energy waste
management systems as illustrated in the
methodology.
METHODOLOGY
The Automated Smart Energy Waste
Management Therapy (ASEWMT) system
presented here is a designed module which
consist of four subsystems (A sensor node, a
power supply, a control switching circuits and
the output section) which are the devices
under control to determine the ambient
presence of the light and motion signals,
which activate the output to turn on or off as
shown in Fig.2.
As illustrated in Fig. 2, the system consist of a
power supply which is derived from a 12v
transformer via Rectifier Bridge and a three
decoupling capacitors. The supply provides
the needed DC to power the entire circuitry.
This is then followed by the Sensor node
section which consist of light dependent
resistor (LDR) or the Photo resistance that is
used in the monitoring the ambient light level
and an Infrared Pyroelectric sensor (IPS). The
IPS installed is to detect the presence of any
object, which may activate its control to either
the OFF or the ON position (Fig. 3).
Fig. 2: ASEWMT module structure diagram.
SENSOR NODE (Infrared Pyroelectric Light Sensor (LDR))
Control
switching
Power supply
Device under
control
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Fig. 3: Detailed proposed Energy waste management smart building setup
Fig. 4: The circuit diagram of the Automated Smart Energy Waste Management Therapy
SUBLIMINAL APPROACH, was adopted
where lumped matter discipline and (which is
analogous to point mass discipline) basic
discrete electronic components were used to
model real life situations. The discrete
components used in this simulation includes
the following:
The light dependent resistor (LDR): This is
a photo-resistor whose resistance varies
inversely with luminous intensity. This
implies that the higher the luminous intensity
the lower the resistance and in a chain
reaction effects affects the voltage drop across
the LDR at a constant current flow. The
different voltage level for different light
intensity has been used to calibrate the system
such that nominal control of the system is
achieved. This particular components are used
to model the .level of brightness of the
environment (including the walkways, the
classrooms, laboratories and offices) and the
state of the lamp ( the LDR is used as a sensor
to discern if the lamps at the various locations
are been turned on or off as at required). This
is used for fault alert and fault
troubleshooting such that when light falls
upon the LDR, it triggers off the Lighting
controller so that the device to be controlled
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goes off. During the night, it triggers on the
lighting controller to turn on the device that is
under control. The light sensor is further
connected to the control section which is the
main heart of the design. The controlling
circuit consists of a transistor, diodes, and the
output stage which powered the light. Control
circuit monitors the signal from the sensor,
then triggers on the bulbs depending on the
signal it receives from the sensor either to an
OFF state or to an ON position (Fig. 4).
Light emitting diode: These components
serves as the various lamps to be switched
ON and OFF respectively at the required
time. It is used to model the lighting system
of the classroom, offices and security lights.
For these simulation the Red LED is used.
Infrared Pyroelectric Sensor PIR sensor: the PIR sensor is used to detect
the motion and proximity of persons or
moving objects and animals around the
vicinity. . For the street light and security
lamps it is used to supply minimum and
maximum power to the lighting system as at
when required. For the offices, laboratories
and classroom it is used to turn the lighting
system ON or OFF as at when required for
instance when a person enter into the
perception range of the sensor, the sensor will
detect current light value and turn on the
lamps. If the light is insufficient, bulb
controlled by the sensor node will be turned
on at a varied voltage level sufficient enough
to illuminate the area occupied by the
persons. In case of any eventuality (after the
on state command of turning on the light is
given, the light value will be detected again,
and if the light is still insufficient, order of
turning on the light will be given again. If the
light is still insufficient after 3 times, then the
node is judged to be damaged). When people
leave the perception range, there is a delay
time for the light to be turned off. In terms of
information that state of the sensor node
storage bulb changes, when control checks
this sensor node, the current state will be sent
to the control (if control does not receive the
reply, the sensor node will be judged to be
damaged). The control then activate the
emergency response by sending an error
message of fault detection. This message will
prompt decisive action to be taken. That is
manually turning on or off via original switch
of the circuit until repairs are carried out.
PUSH BUTTON: The PUSH Buttons are
used to model the power supply line to the
lighting systems. It is used for fault detection
troubleshooting and analysis.
The Control System The control system adopted consist of a
closed loop type control in which feedback
are sent and received in real time. The model
is designed using the Atmega 328 based
Arduino board. This particular board is
chosen because it's a quick to use project
modelling board both in simulation and in
real time modelling, its high speed, high
memory and low power consumption
features, low cost as it’s easily affordable and
easy to maintain. The controller comprises of
an Arduino board which is a low power
consumption controller board based on 8 bit
Atmega microcontroller operating on
16MHZ. The controller is 5v powered it has
digital and analog I/O pins for taking in and
giving out digital and analog signals
respectively. It also has pins for PWM and
Universal synchronous and asynchronous
Receiver and Transmitter (USART). The
basic function of the controller is to take
signals from the input transducer analyse the
signal and use the result from the analysis to
perform control actions such as switch on the
lamps, troubleshoot and localize faults and
send system real time state or condition to the
remote monitoring system through the
USART pins (Fig. 4).
The Sensor Node or Transducer model
The different transducer used for this design
serves for both input and output signals. The
input transducers includes photo resistors
(light dependent resistor LDR), Push buttons,
Light emitting diode LED., Virtual terminal
and PUT sensor. This transducers are
combined and sectioned to model the street
walk way and the office respectively.
The street-walk way (street light or
security light) model
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The components consist of:
2 LDRs (LDR1 STREET LUMEN SENSOR
and LDR4 STREET LAMP SENSOR): The
street LUMEN sensor is used to sense the
luminous intensity of the walkway via the
light from the Sun radiation. This LDR
determines when it's daylight and when it is
dark hours or dusk. And sends the signal to
the controller which uses the signal to
determine if the street light should be turned
OFF or ON respectively. The Lamp lumen
sensor is used to give feedback to the
controller if the lamps has been turned ON or
OFF when as required and the controller uses
such signals to determine if there is a fault or
not.
2 LEDs (light emitting diode): The 2 LEDs
are used to model how much of the Lamps
light will be turned ON. During evening time
when there is no user around one of the LEDs
is turned ON to indicate minimum power
consumption. And the other is turned ON
when there is a user to indicate maximum
power consumption.
1 PIR2 sensor: The PIR sensor is used to
sense when a user is available. This is
indicated by the 1(RED) and 0 (BLUE),
indications at the test terminals.
1 push button: The PUSH BUTTON is used
to model the power lines parameters such as
breakers, cables, fuses and switches. The
states of the PUSH BUTTON indicates if
there's a fault or no fault at any of the power
line parameters. The open state indicates a
fault, an open circuit fault. While the close
state indicates no fault. This signals are fed to
the controller respectively.
The Office model
This consists of the following:
2 LDRs (LDR2 OFFICE LUMEN SENSOR
and LDR3 OFFICE LAMP SENSOR): The
office LUMEN sensor is used to sense the
luminous intensity of the office via the light
from the Sun radiation.
This LDR determines when it's bright hours
and when it is dark hours. And sends the
signal to the controller which uses the signal
to determine if the street light should be
turned OFF or ON respectively. The Lamp
lumen sensor is used to give feedback to the
controller if the lamps has been turned ON or
OFF when as required and the controller uses
such signals to determine if there is a fault or
not.
LEDs,(light emitting diode): The LED is
used to model the office lamps. It's turned ON
when there is a user and OFF when there is no
user.
1 PIR1 sensor: The PIR1 sensor is used to
sense when a user is available. This is
indicated by the 1(RED) and 0 (BLUE),1
indicates at the test terminals.
1 push button:. The PUSH BUTTON is used
to model the power lines parameters such as
breakers, cables, fuses and switches. The
states of the PUSH BUTTON indicates if
there's a fault or no fault at any of the power
line parameters. The open state indicates a
fault, an open circuit fault. While the close
state indicates no fault. This signals are fed to
the controller respectively. .
REMOTE MONITORING: A universal
asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART)
system was deployed for remote monitoring
ALGORITHM: The algorithm used to
develop this system is a traditional type of
algorithm, where a set of functions that will
respond to the input signal in order to give the
required output has been defined and hard
coded into the ROM of the controller chip.
And the program software is developed using
C++ programming language on the Arduino
IDE this is owed to the various advantages of
the C++ language which includes but are not
limited to; it’s a higher programming
language and is quick to debug and
understand and its portability.
Working Principles of the System Assuming a situation where the original
lighting circuits of the four systems under
consideration (Lecture Theatre, Laboratories,
Security ways and Offices) are not changed,
the two sensor signals entering the control
should be connected on every lamp for
1 PIR2 sensor: The PIR sensor is used to
sense when a user is available. This is
indicated by the 1(RED) and 0 (BLUE),
indications at the test terminals.
1 push button: The PUSH BUTTON is used
to model the power lines parameters such as
breakers, cables, fuses and switches. The
states of the PUSH BUTTON indicate if
there's a fault or no fault at any of the power
line parameters. The open state indicates a
fault, an open circuit fault. While the close
states indicates no fault. These signals are
fed to the controller respectively.
The Office model
2 LDRs (LDR2 OFFICE LUMEN SENSOR
and LDR3 OFFICE LAMP SENSOR): the
office LUMEN sensor is used to sense the
luminous intensity of the office via the light
from the Sun radiation.
This LDR determines when it's bright hours
and when it is dark hours. And sends the
signal to the controller which uses the signal
to determine if the street light should be
turned OFF or ON respectively. The Lamp
lumen sensor is used to give feedback to the
controller if the lamps has been turned ON or
OFF when as required and the controller uses
such signals to determine if there is a fault or
not.
LEDs,(light emitting diode): The LED is
used to model the office lamps. It's turned ON
when there is a user and OFF when there is no
user.
1 PIR1 sensor: The PIR1 sensor is used to
sense when a user is available. This is
indicated by the 1(RED) and 0 (BLUE),1
indicates at the test terminals.
1 push button: The PUSH BUTTON is used
to model the power lines parameters such as
breakers, cables, fuses and switches. The states
of the PUSH BUTTON indicate if there's a
fault or no fault at any of the power line
parameters. The open state indicates a fault, an
open circuit fault. While the close states
indicates no fault. These signals are fed to the
controller respectively. .
REMOTE MONITORING: A universal
asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART)
system was deployed for remote monitoring
and control of this system. In real time USART
based communication devices is a computer
hardware device for asynchronous serial
communication in which the data format and
transmission speeds are configurable. The
electric signalling levels and methods are
handled by a driver circuit external to the
UART, Fig. 4.
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optimal performance. The perception range of
the sensor should be adjusted into the largest
lamp distance of 2 (distances between lamps
are usually not equal, so the largest distance
be selected) according to the actual
requirements. The sensors perceives human
position and current illumination intensity,
which directly controls the light. There is
communication between sensors and the
control circuit, so that the sensor and the
lamps state in all the four systems under
consideration can be reflected to the control.
Every system should have a control with an
administrative linkage for emergency
response in case of any fault detection as
shown in the system control flow chart of Fig.
5.
System Components Calculation
Design Calculations for the current limiting
resistor. From Ohm’s Law:
Eq. 3
The calculation can be reduced to a single
formula:
⁄ Eq. 4
Where
R = resistor value
= supply voltage
= LED voltage drop
= current through LED
Eq. 5
.
Fig. 5: Working Principles of the ASEWMT
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System Testing and Energy Waste Analysis
NLST 2 lecture theatre, Physics laboratory
Rm 1, offices and security lamps were used as
the test module. The lamps in the lecture
theatre, offices, laboratory, classrooms were
connected to the ASEWMT to test, all the
lamps turn ON and OFF appropriately and
accurately.
Test 1: Table 1 shows the output result from
the LDR sensor when it was tested at varying
voltages and luminous intensity levels. The
result shows the state of the environment
changes only when the luminous intensity
level increase from 09 to 10 with the
corresponding voltage level across the LDR
from 1.18volt to 1.57 volts.
Test 2: Output Response to light intensity of
ASEWMT.
Table 2, shows the output result from the PIR
sensor with environmental response to light
intensity.
Test 3. Fault analysis of ASEWMT
Fault examination was performed by querying
the system, when the required output is not
achieved the system carries a self-test to
localize the fault. This self-test is made
possible by the different feedback
mechanisms available in the system.
Test 4. Initial Signal Reading Test for
ASEWMT. Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 show the Initial signal
reading test, system response when the
luminous intensity drops with no one around
both by the walkway and in the offices,
system response when the luminous intensity
drops with someone around both by the
walkway and in the offices and system
response when there is a fault.
Table 1: LDR sensor result for ASEWMT
Luminous intensity
level
Voltage level across
LDR(v)
Environment
state
01 0.01 Extremely dark
02 0.02 Extremely dark
04 0.04 Very dark
05 0.11 Very dark
06 0.21 Dark
07 0.39 Dark
08 0.78 Faintly dark
09 1.18 Very bright
10 1.57 Extremely bright
Table 2: Output Response to light intensity
Environment state (office) PIR state Output (lamp state)
Dark Yes 1 (ON)
Dark No 0 (OFF)
Bright Yes 0 (OFF)
Street/security walkway
Dark Yes 1 (ON Max)
Dark NO 1 (ON Min)
Bright Yes 0 (OFF)
Bright NO 0 (OFF)
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Fig. 7: Initial signal reading system test for ASEWMT
Fig 8: ASEWMT System Response when there are no users.
Fig. 9: ASEWMT System Response when there are users.
Fig. 10: System response when there is or are fault(s).
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Fig.11: Illuminous intensity vs voltage level across the LDR
From the Initial signal reading, the image in
Fig.7, shows the voltage level when the
environment is bright during the day by
illumination from the sunlight. It is observed
that the luminous intensity varies directly
with the voltage drop across the sensing
device. And the result also depicts linear
correlation between luminous intensity to the
sensing device which is why at very bright
day the voltage drop is maximum. Fig. 8,
illustrates the systems response when the
luminous intensity drops. From the result it is
seen that the system automatically responded,
thereby turning on the street light with
minimum power available for consumption
by the lamp and no power available to the
office due to the absence of a user. Fig. 9,
illustrates the systems response when the
luminous intensity drops with the presence of
users. From the result it is seen that the
system automatically responded, thereby
turning on the lamps with maximum power
available for consumption by the street light
and the office lamps due to the presence of
users respectively. Figure 10, illustrates the
actions the system takes when there is or are
fault(s). These actions involves
troubleshooting the fault and localizing the
faults as well as give feedback to a remote
systems or persons responsible for
maintenance.
DISCUSSION
To solve energy waste and power
management difficulty, the researchers
proposed an Automated Smart Energy Waste
Management therapy, an automated system
fitted with the functionality of daily powering
ON and OFF requirements. The operation is
based on the ambient levels of the
environment at any given time of the day. At
dusk when the solar light intensity
progressively reduces, the control switch
progressively increases the light intensity of
the security lamps. Meanwhile at dawn, the
reverse is the case, as the solar light intensity
progressively increases, the control switch
progressively reduces the light intensity of the
security lights it controls. This way the light
remains ON only when at dusk because it is
designed to respond to the ambience level of
the environment. Whereas other systems
which are manually operated shows constant
ON bulbs as long as power remains and only
showed OFF position when there is power
failure and when the bulbs go bad or damage.
The system was able to achieve a 3-phase
electricity network connections on
Laboratories, lecture theatres, security lights
and offices etc. A serious justification of
adopting this design will be shown on the ~
amount of energy waste experience daily,
monthly and all year round and the possibility
of saving some kWh if ASEWMT system is
adopted for use in our institutions and Nigeria
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Inte
nsi
ty V
s V
olt
age
Leve
l
Comparism between luminous intensity and Voltage
Voltage level acrossLDR(v)
Luminous intensitylevel
132
DESIGN OF AUTOMATED SMART ENERGY SYSTEM Part A: Science, Engineering and Technology Faithpraise et al., 2019
at large.
CONCLUSION
The simulation result has shown that smart
power management therapy system can
salvage the excess power wastage and also
troubleshoot to detect and localize faults.
These system can be viewed as an
autonomous system with respect to its self-
dependency to control, manage available
power supply, troubleshoot and localize faults
within the controlled system.
Automatic lighting control system may be
expensive in comparison to normal manual
switching system but return of the investment
is expected in a very short duration as the
equipment longevity is achieve with reduction
in power wastage and corresponding effect on
increase efficiency in power delivery.
This system find its application useful
especially in homes with independent power
sources and those generating their own power
source from solar with backup storage
batteries. Every suppose waste will eventually
be stored up for future use. Future research
will consider powering all the various
systems from a solar battery source or solar
generators.
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Cite as: Fina O. Faithpraise, Otosi B. Faithpraise, Udie A. Celestine and
Aloamaka A. Chukwudi (2019). The design of automated smart energy
waste management therapy (ASEWMT): An innovation. In: Asuquo,
Francis E. (Editor) on Harnessing African Potentials for Sustainable
Development, Calabar, Nigeria, September 2019; UNICAL Press & GIS
Publishers. U6CAU Proceedings (Maiden Edition ) Volume 1, Number 1,
122 – 134.
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