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![Page 1: The Design of a Framework and Associated Tools to Facilitate the Integration of Multi-sourced Built and Natural Datasets within National SDI Initiatives.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062318/551af45a5503466b6a8b650e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Design of a Framework and Associated Tools to Facilitate the
Integration of Multi-sourced Built and Natural Datasets within
National SDI Initiatives
Submitted by:
Hossein Mohammadi
Supervisors:
Dr Abbas Rajabifard
Prof Ian Williamson
May 2006
PhD Confirmation
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2 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Acknowledgement
Uni Melb, Dept. Geomatics Research Partners of ARC-Linkage
project on Integration (DSE, DoL, GA)
WA and PSMA
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3 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Acknowledgement
Confirmation Panel Prof Ian Bishop Prof Ian Williamson Dr Abbas Rajabifard Ms Jude Wallace
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4 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Presentation Outline
Introduction Overview Problem Hypothesis Aim Objectives Background Integration Issues Integration and Interoperability Research Design Progress To-date Time Table Overall Thesis Structure
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5 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Introduction
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6 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Definition
Data Integration The integration is not only to geometrically and
topologically match data, and having the correspondence of attributes, but also the establishment of all legal, policy, institutional and social mechanisms in order to facilitate the integration of data.
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7 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Overview
Spatial Technology is growing dramatically
Citizens and governments are recognizing the value of “Spatially-enabled” Societies
Demands are growing among Broader Range of SI Users towards more value-added spatial products & services
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8 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Overview
Sustainable Development through its Social, Economical and Environmental objectives & Governance is not achievable unless there is the ability to monitor the Impacts of Human Activities on the Environment.
Sustainable Development
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9 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Overview
SDI development and progress to-date (Evolving)
SDIs aims to Facilitate Access, Sharing and Use of spatial data and services by a broad range of users (SI specialists, governments, citizens,…)
But
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10 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Problem
Inconsistencies, heterogeneities, interoperability, vertical integration, legal, institutional, policy and social issues hinder effective data integration of built and natural datasets.
Land-Use
Cadastre
Transportation
Topography
Satellite Image
Utility
GPS Network
DEM
Pilot Area
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11 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Problem
Emergency management
Land Administration
Navigation Services
Utility management
Urban Planning
Environmental Protection
…
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12 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Scenario 1
Nationally consistent data (PSMA’s Experience)
Inconsistencies in Data Model, Metadata, Standards, Specifications, Collaboration Model, and IP issues in Victoria, NSW, GA, …
• G-NAF• CadLite• Transport and Topography• Admin Boundaries• Points of Interest
IDM
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13 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Scenario 2
Hazard management, Tsunami (EICU’s Experience)
Utilities
Bathymetry
Buildings Data
Critical Infrastructures
Datasets:
Cadastre
Access Network
Underground Features
…
Gaps of Data, No Vertical Topology, Currency, Collaboration, Data Exchange Policy,…
Bathymetry Building Data
Cadastre Utilities
Created and Owned by Users
NO Nation-wide DataNO Metadata
Data Barely Exists
Not Completely Fits to Utility and Access Network
PrivacyPoor Attribution
Restrict PrivacyDifferent Custodians
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14 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Problem
Despite the growth in spatial technology and the development of SDIs to facilitate
the sharing, access and use of spatial datasets, the integration of multi-sourced
datasets of the built and natural environments, is not being achieved
effectively from both technical and non-technical perspectives.
Despite the growth in spatial technology and the development of SDIs to facilitate
the sharing, access and use of spatial datasets, the integration of multi-sourced
datasets of the built and natural environments, is not being achieved
effectively from both technical and non-technical perspectives.
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15 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Hypothesis
The development of a framework and an improved data model focussing on both technical and non-technical aspects of data integration within the context of a National SDI will facilitate more effective integration of built and natural environmental datasets.
The development of a framework and an improved data model focussing on both technical and non-technical aspects of data integration within the context of a National SDI will facilitate more effective integration of built and natural environmental datasets.
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16 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Aim
This research aims to develop a framework, and integration data model together with associated
tools to facilitate the integration of built and natural environmental datasets (in particular
cadastral and topographical data) in the context of National SDI initiatives.
This research aims to develop a framework, and integration data model together with associated
tools to facilitate the integration of built and natural environmental datasets (in particular
cadastral and topographical data) in the context of National SDI initiatives.
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17 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Objectives
1. Investigate and understand the problems and issues in integrating multi-sourced datasets in National SDIs within Australia and related International case study countries.
2. Identify barriers and criteria for data integration 3. Develop a framework and guidelines for the integration of
built and natural environmental datasets.4. Develop an integration data model and associated tools
(eg web-service) for the integration of built and natural environmental datasets.
5. Test the framework, data model and tools through the development of a prototype.
1. Investigate and understand the problems and issues in integrating multi-sourced datasets in National SDIs within Australia and related International case study countries.
2. Identify barriers and criteria for data integration 3. Develop a framework and guidelines for the integration of
built and natural environmental datasets.4. Develop an integration data model and associated tools
(eg web-service) for the integration of built and natural environmental datasets.
5. Test the framework, data model and tools through the development of a prototype.
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18 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Background Overview
Built and Natural Datasets
Built Natural
CadastreUtilitiesPoints of InterestsTransportAddressesPlanningGeodetic Network…
TopographyWater Bodies/HydrographyVegetationBiodiversity (Flora and Fauna)EnvironmentalImagery..
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19 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Background Overview
Spatial data integration issues Technical Legal Policy Institutional Social
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20 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Integration Issues
Social Issues Cultural Issues Historical Issues Capacity Building and Raising Awareness
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21 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Integration Issues
Institutional Issues Collaboration Funding Model Business Model Awareness of Data Integration and Proper
Data
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22 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Integration Issues
Policy Issues Major Policy Drivers (eg Sustainable
Development, Counter Terrorism, Environment)
Legislation Pricing
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23 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Integration Issues
Legal Issues Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities on
Data Intellectual Property Rights (IP/Copyright) Licensing Access and Privacy
Integrated Data{RRR(ID), IP(ID), …} = Data1{RRR(1), IP(1), …} + Data2{RRR(2), IP(2), …} + … + Data n{RRR(n), IP(n), …}
Data 1 Data 2 Data n
Integrated Data
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24 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Integration Issues
Technical Issues Data Model Interoperability Standards and Specifications Vertical Topology (Across Layers) Coordinate System Format Metadata Data Quality (Currency, Logical Consistency, Accuracy, …)
Geometry
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25 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Technical Issues
Data Model (Feature Type as a Class or as an Attribute: Roads)
NSW’s Data ModelHarmonized Data Model (ICSM)
Integrated Data Model (PSMA)
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26 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Technical Issues
There are at least seven sources of road centre line in Victoria with the different road alignments and mis-matched road names.
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27 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Technical Issues
Feature Level and Theme Level Metadata
NSW: Feature LevelVictoria, GA: Theme Level
(ANZLIC Guidelines)
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28 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Da
ta In
teg
rati
on
Integration and Interoperability
Interoperability is the ability of a system or a product to work with other systems or products without special effort
on the part of the customer Effective Data Integration Needs Interoperability in
Different Dimensions
Policy Interoperability
Institutional Interoperability
Social Interoperability
Legal Interoperability
Technical Interoperability
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29 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Research Design
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 1 Literature Review and Strategy Development
Case Studies Investigation
Case Study, Tools and User Needs Analysis
Framework/Tools Development and Validation
Documentation of Results
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30 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Research Design
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 1 Literature Review and Strategy Development
Case Studies Investigation
Case Study, Tools and User Needs Analysis
Framework/Tools Development and Validation
Documentation of Results
NationalInternational
SDI and its Components, SDI Hierarchy, Organizational Behaviour (Related to Data Integration), Built and Natural Environmental Datasets, Applications, Characteristics, Technical and Non-technical Issues, Spatial data Integration and Interoperability at different levels
SDI and its Components, SDI Hierarchy, Organizational Behaviour (Related to Data Integration), Built and Natural Environmental Datasets, Applications, Characteristics, Technical and Non-technical Issues, Spatial data Integration and Interoperability at different levels
Australian Case study State and national organization visits (Vic, NSW, GA, PSMA) Short-Term projects
Technical assessment of built and natural datasets integration using Victoria and GA datasets
Technical assessment of built and natural datasets integration of NSW and GA datasets
Geo-webservice requirements for data integration (in progress)
Ongoing
ARC-Linkage/ PCGI-AP
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31 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Progress To-date
Some Early Findings of Case Studies Different agencies are at different levels of maturity
in database management and collaborations Cadastral data model is time-variant in contrary to
topographic data model Different data models are used by different
jurisdictions Content of metadata is not adequate for proper
integration & Feature level metadata is more efficient rather theme-based metadata
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32 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Progress To-date
Some Early Findings of Case Studies Diversity and inconsistencies in specifications,
feature categorizing, standards and topology, format, precision, currency, coordinate system, IP, pricing and privacy, etc.
Social characteristics do play a key role in sharing and integrating data
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33 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Progress To-date
Publications and Presentations Mohammadi H, Rajabifard A., Binns A., Williamson, I.P. (2006),
“Bridging SDI Design Gaps with Facilitating Multi-source Data Integration”, Coordinates, May 2006
Mohammadi H, Rajabifard A., Binns A., Williamson, I.P., National SDI Framework to Facilitate Multi-source Data Integration, (in progress) for ISI journal
Presentation on “ The Integration of Built and Natural Environmental Datasets Within NSDI”, Workshop on the Launch of Project, September 2005, Melbourne
Presentation on “ The Integration of Built and Natural Environmental Datasets Within NSDI”, Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), October 2005, Melbourne
Presentation on “ The Integration of Built and Natural Environmental Datasets Within NSDI”, Land Admin Lecture Series, March 2006
Conferences and Seminars Attended Meeting International Experts and
Research Discussion
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34 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Time Table
Activity2005 2006 2007 2008
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Literature Review
Case Study Visits and Analysis
Confirmation report
Data Model Analysis
Geo-WebService Analysis
Data Model Development
Integration Geo-WebService Development
Framework Development
Thesis Writing
Thesis Submission
International Workshop
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35 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Overall Thesis Structure
Chapter 1 Introduction Statement of Research Problems, Aims, Hypothesis and Objectives
Chapter 2 Spatial Data Infrastructures and Related Concepts and Theory
SDI and its Components, SDI Hierarchy, Organizational Behaviour (Related to Data Integration)
Chapter 3 Built and Natural Environmental Data Production, Characteristics and Applications
Built and Natural Environmental Datasets, Applications, Characteristics, Technical and Non-technical Issues and Arrangements
Chapter 4 Spatial Data Integration Spatial data Integration and Interoperability at different levels
Chapter 5 Methodology and Case Studies Design Methodology Development for National and International Case Studies, Methodology for Analysis and Developments
Chapter 6 Case Study Projects and Analysis Analysis of the Observations, Current Situation, Issues and Problems
Chapter 7 Framework, Design Criteria and Integration Data Model Development
Overall Spatial Integration Framework, Integration Data Model, Integration Geo-webservice Design
Chapter 8 Prototype Development and Testing Development and Testing Framework, Integration Data Model and Geo-webservice
Chapter 9 Conclusion and Future Directions Discussion, Recommendation, Conclusion
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36 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Thanks for your attention
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37 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Outcomes
An Overall Framework to Address Issues and Problems
Integration Data Model
Integration Data Model
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38 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Outcomes
Integration Geo-webservice Federated Databases (Virtual) Physical Integration
Vertical Integration = Cross-thematic topological integrity
Horizontal Integration = Same-theme
Federated Database
DCDB
DTDB
External Data
Interoperability, O
GC Standards
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39 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Overview
Cadastral and Topographic Data Characteristics
Cadastral Topographic
Scale Large - Medium Medium - Small
Custodian State/Local Governments National Mapping Agencies to Councils Different Levels within Jurisdictions
Data Model Time-variant Not Time-variant Not Child-parent Hierarchy
Coordinates Distance and Angle of Coordinates Easting, Northing
Legal Restrict Privacy and IP IssuesFree in Small Scales and IP Rights for Large Scales
Major Use Legal, Fiscal Planning, Military, Development
Currency Short Update Period Long Update Period
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40 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Technical Issues
Discrepancy of Vector and Raster Data
GA: Boundary
Victoria: Image
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41 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Technical Issues
Different Specifications and Standards: Railway, Tank Point and Cableway have been Categorized in Topography category in NSW, No Railway Category in NSW
Data Victoria NSW GA
File NameNo particular category for Tank points
(HY-WATER_STRUCT_POINT)Beside watering places and swimming pools
TankPoint Point_watertank
Category Hydro TopoFD Drainage
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42 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Overview
Completeness
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43 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Overview
Quantitative Benchmarking Through Indicators Duplication of Effort Heterogeneity among Datasets Number of Disparate Non-interoperable
Databases
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44 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Research Design
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 1 SDI, Integration and Interoperability
Technical assessment of
Case Study, Tools and User Needs Analysis
Framework/Tools Development and Validation
Documentation of Results
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45 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Progress To-date
Conferences and Seminars Attended Spatial Interoperability Demonstration Project (SIDP),
June 2005, Melbourne ARC-Linkage Launch Project Workshop, September
2005, Melbourne Simulating Urban Neighbourhood dynamic, August
2005, Melbourne Spatial Information in Victoria, June 2005, Melbourne SSC (Spatial Sciences Institute) Conference,
September 2005 , Melbourne Expert Group Meeting on Sustainability and Land
Administration Systems, November 2005, Melbourne
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46 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Progress To-date
Meeting International Experts and Research Discussion
Mr. Mathew Kistler, Federal Office of Topography, Switzerland, 2005
Prof Michael Goodchild, University of California, USA, 2005 Prof Holger Magel, Technical University Munich, Germany ,
2005 Prof Paul Van der Molen, ICT, The Netherlands , 2005 Dr. Daniel Steudler, Federal Office of Topography, Switzerland ,
2005 Prof Bas Kok, Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands ,
2005 Prof Gerrit Pienaar, South Africa , 2005 Prof Ian Masser, United Kingdom , 2006
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47 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Progress To-date
Some Early Findings of Case Studies Different agencies are at different levels of maturity
in database management and collaborations Cadastral data model is time-variant in contrary to
topographic data model Different data models are used by different
jurisdictions Content of metadata is not adequate for proper
integration & Feature level metadata is more efficient rather theme-based metadata
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48 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Progress To-date
Some Early Findings of Case Studies Diversity and inconsistencies in specifications,
feature categorizing, standards and topology, format, precision, currency, coordinate system, IP, pricing and privacy, etc.
Social characteristics do play a key role in sharing and integrating data
Virtual data repository is a more proper solution for integration of different systems
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49 of 36Geomatics Department-Melbourne University
Background Overview
SDI is an initiative to facilitate data sharing and access through the creation of an environment in which all stakeholders can co-operate with each other and interact with technology to better achieve their objectives.
Rajabifard et al (2001)