The Description of the Prayer of the...

The Description of the Prayer

of the Prophet

British-Islamic Academy / Hargesia- Somaliland Fiqh - Salah/ Prayer

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The Virtues of Establishing the Prayer

Prayer is from the reasons of aiding the servant in stanying away

from sins and evil.

He – the Most High – says:

هاى عان الفاحشااء واالمنكار ﴿ ةا ت ان ﴾ إن الصلا

“Verily, As-Salât (the prayer) prevents from Al-Fahshâ' (i.e.

great sins of every kind, unlawful sexual intercourse, etc.) and

Al-Munkar (i.e. disbelief, polytheism, and every kind of evil

wicked deed, etc.)”. [Surah al- Ankabut: 45]

Ubaadah bin Saamit said the Messenger of Allah said:

ت اعاالا مان أاحسانا وضوءاهن واصالهن خاس صالاواات افتااضاهن اللقتهن واأاتا ركوعاهن واخشوعاهن كاانا لاه عالاى الل عاهد أان ي اغفرا لاه وامان لوا

باه إن شااءا عاذ ي افعال ف الايسا لاه عالاى الل عاهد إن شااءا غافارا لاه وا لا

"Allah, the Exalted, has made five prayers obligatory. If anyone

performs ablution for them well, offers them at their (right)

time, and observes perfectly their bowing and submissiveness in

them, it is the guarantee of Allah that He will pardon him; if

anyone does not do so, there is no guarantee for him on the part

of Allah; He may pardon him if He wills, and punish him if He

wills. [Reported by Abu Dawood]


Preserving the prayer purifies a person from sin.

On the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah said:

را ببااب أاحادكم ي اغتاسل منه كل ي اوم خاسا مارات هال أاراأاي تم لاو أان ناقاى من دارانه شاىء قاى من دارانه . "ي اب فاذالكا "قاالا . شاىء قاالوا الا ي اب

بن الاطاايا ماثال الصلاواات الامس ياحو الل

" He heard the Messenger of Allah (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) as saying: just see, can

anything of his filthiness remain (on the body of) any one of you

if there were a river at his door in which he washed himself five

times daily? They, said: Nothing of his filthiness will remain (on

his body). He said: That is like the five prayers by which Allah

obliterates sins”. [Reported by Muslim]

From the virtues of establishing the prayer is that which is found in

the Hadeeth of Abu Huraira said the Messenger of Allah said:

ن اهن الصلاواات الامس واالمعاة إلا المعاة كافاراات لماا ب اي باائر ت غشا الكا ماا لا

"The five prayers, and Al-Jumuah (the Friday prayer) to Al-

Jumuah are atonement for what is between them, as long as the

major sins have not been committed."

[Reported by at-Tirmithi]


Facing the Qiblah

(The Ka’Ba in the Sacred Masjid in Makkah)

The first action you must do when you want to pray is to face the

direction of the Ka’ba. This is one of the pillars of the Prayer, such

that the Prayer is not valid without it.

The proof for this is Allaah’s statement:

ا ف اوال ﴿ لاة ت ارضااها اء ف الان وال ي انكا قب قاد ن اراى ت اقالبا واجهكا ف السمايث ماا كنتم ﴾ ف اوالوا وجوهاكم شاطراه واجهاكا شاطرا الماسجد الاراام واحا

“We shall indeed turn you to a Qiblah (prayer direction) that

you will be pleased with. So turn your face towards the

direction of Al-Masjid al-Haraam (in Makkah). Wherever you

(people) are, turn your faces in that direction (for prayer).”

[Surah Al-Baqarah: 144]

Also it is found in the Hadeeth of Abu Huraira that the Messenger

of Allah said:

لاةا فاكاب قبل القب إذاا قمتا إلا الصلاة فاأاسبغ الوضوءا ث است ا“When you stand to pray, perform the ablution completely, and

then turn towards the Qibla and perfom the takbir

(i.e. say Allahu Akbar: which means Allah is the Most Great)".

[Reported by Muslim]


Standing for Prayer

Once we have made the intention to perform the Allah created all

of us so that we can worship Him. The Messenger of Allah said:

﴾ واقوموا لل قاانتيا ﴿ "And stand before Allâh with obedience [and do not speak to

others during the prayers]" [al-Baqarah: 238]

The proof for this is the Hadeeth of `Imran bin Husain that the

Messenger of Allah said:

تاستاطع ف اعالاى جانب تاستاطع ف اقااعدا، فاإن لا صال قاائما، فاإن لا"Pray while standing and if you can't, pray while sitting and if

you cannot do even that, then pray Lying on your side."

[Reported by al-Bukhaari]

The proof for this is the Hadeeth of `Aisha that the Messenger of

Allah said:

كاانا يصال ي لايل طاويل قاائما والايل طاويل قااعدا واكاانا إذاا ق اراأا قاائما راكاعا ق اراأا قااعدا راكاعا قااعداقاائما واإذاا

He used to pray for a long time standing and for a long time

sitting in the night, and when he recited the Qur'an while

standing, he would bow himself from the standing position, and

when he recited while sitting, he would bow from the sitting

position. [Reported by Muslim]


Prayer Whilst Wearing Shoes

The proof for this is the Hadeeth of Abu Huraira that the

Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said:

لياجعالهماا بايا رجلايه أاو إذاا صالى أاحادكم فاخالاعا ن اعلايه فالا ي ؤذ بماا أاحادا ا ليصال فيهما

“When any of you prays and takes off his sandals, he should not

harm anyone by them. He should place them between his feet or

pray with them on”. [Reported by Abu Dawood]

The Obligation of Praying Towards a Sutrah

Abu Huraira narrates that the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said:

هاا الا ي اقطاع الشيطاان عالايه صالاتاه إذاا صالى أاحادكم إلا ستاة ف اليادن من

"When anyone of you prays toward a Sutra (i.e. a screen or

veil), let him get close to it and not allow the Shaitan to sever

his prayer for him". [Reported by Abu Dawood]


The Prophet explained to us the required height of the Sutrah in

the Hadeeth narrated by Talha that the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said:

يه مثلا مؤخراة الرحل ف اليصال واالا ي باال مان مار إذاا واضاعا أاحادكم بايا يادا وارااءا ذالكا

" When one of you places in front of him so me. thing such as

the back of a saddle, he should pray without caring who passes

on the other side of it". [Reported Muslim]

The Prohibition of Praying Towards a Grave

Abu Huraira said the Messenger of Allah said:

هاا تالسوا عالاى القبور واالا الا تصالوا إلاي

" Do not pray towards the graves, and do not sit on them".


The Intension

We must rectify our intentions before we begin any act of worship.

The Messenger of Allah said:

إناا لكل امرئ ماا ن اواى إناا األاعماال بلن يات وا“Actions are to be judged only by intentions and a man will

have only what he intended". [Reported by al-Bukhaaree]


Performing the Takbeer Whilst Raising Your Hands

The proof is the Hadeeth of Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah

said:

ت اتاحا يه حيا يكاب حات ياعالاهماا حاذوا إذاا اف التكبريا ف الصلاة رافاعا يادايه واإذاا كابا للركوع ف اعالا مثلا ذالكا مانكب ا

“when he said the opening Takbir of the prayer, raise his hands

until they were level with his shoulders. When he said the Takbir

before bowing he did likewise”.

[Reported by an-Nisaai]

Placing the Right Hand Over the Left on the Chest

On the authority of Tawus:

ه اليمنا عالاى ياده اليسراى كاانا راسول الل صلى هللا عليه وسلم ياضاع يادان اهماا عالاى صادره واهوا ف الصلاة ث ياشد ب اي

“The Messenger of Allah (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) used to place his right hand on his

left hand, then he folded them strictly on his chest in prayer”.

[Reported by Abu Dawood]


Opening Supplications

The most authentic supplication for starting the prayer after

saying the opening Takbeer is: What has been reported in the

hadeeth of Abu Hurairah t where he said: “When the Messenger of

Allaah would say the opening Takbeer in prayer, he would remain

silent for a little while before reciting the Qur’aan. When he was

asked about what he said (during that pause), he replied:

غرب عادتا بي الماشرق واالما يا كما با عد ب اين وابايا خاطاايا اللهم بااللهم ن اق ن من الاطاايا كما ي ن اقى الث وب األاب ياض من الدناس اللهم

اء واالث لج واالبااد يا بلما اغسل خاطاايا‘I say: O Allaah, Put a great distance between me and my

trespasses just as You have put a great distance between the

east and the west. O Allaah, Cleanse me of my trespasses just

as a white garment is cleansed of impurities. O Allaah! Wash

away my trespasses with rain, ice and snow.” [Agreed Upon]

Seek Refuge in Allah from Shaytaan

On the authority of Ibn Jubair bin Mut’im that his father said: I

saw the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص when he started the prayer say:

اللهم إن أاعوذ بكا منا الشيطاان الرجيم من هازه وان افخه وان افثه

" O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the accursed Satan, from

his madness, his poetry, and his pride”. [Reprted by Ibn Maajah]


Reciting Quran

Allah - the mighty and Majestic – clarified how the Quran should be

recited by saying:

﴾ وارات ل القرآنا ت ارتيل ﴿ "And recite the Qur'ân (aloud) in a slow, (pleasant tone and)

style." [al- Muzzammil: 4]

The person performing the prayer should begin his or her recitation

of the Quran with Sura al-Faatiha because without this the prayer is

null and void as has come in the hadeeth of Ubada bin As-Samit that

the Messenger of Allah said:

ي اقراأ بفااتاة الكتااب الا صالاةا لمان لا

"When you stand for Prayer say Takbir and then recite from the

Holy Qur'an (of what you know by heart)”.

[Reprted by al-Bukhaari]

In the Hadeeth of Abu Huraira the Messenger of Allah told a man

that once standing for prayer he should recite from wherever of the

Quran he wished:

ث اق راأ ماا ت ا ياسرا ماعاكا منا القرآن

"Then recite from the Holy Qur'an (of what you know by

heart)”.


Bowing

Abu Qatadah decribed the prayer of the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص

saying:

يه عالاى ت ا يه ث ي اركاع واياضاع رااحا يه حات يااذيا بماا مانكب ا فاع يادا ث يكاب فاريايه ث ي اعتادل فالا ياصب راأساه واالا ي قنع ت ا ركب ا

“Then he bowed; placing the palms of his hands on his knees and

keeping himself straight, neither raising nor lowering his head”


Words of Remembrance for the Bowing Position

Hudhaifah reported that the Prophet would say when bowing:

يمظ العا ب ان را حا ب س Glory is to My Lord the Greatest


The lowest amount of times these words should be said in either

the bowing or prostrating positions is three times.


Standing After Bowing

On the authority of Abu Qatadah that the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص :

ه ث ي ارفاع راأساه ف اي اقول دا لمان حا عا الل سا

Then raised his head saying: “Allah listens to him who praise

Him” [Reported by Abu Dawood]

Prostration

On the authority of Abu Qatadah that the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص

would then prostrate by:

يه معتادال ث ي اقول يه حات يااذيا بماا مانكب ا أاكبا "ث ي ارفاع يادا ،الل يه ب ا ن يه عان جا ث ي اهوي إلا األارض ف ايجااف يادا

Then raised his hands so as to bring them exactly opposite to his

shoulders; then uttered: “Allah is most great”; then lowered

himself to the ground (in prostration), keeping his arms away

from his sides [Reported by Abu Dawood]

The prostration must have seven parts of the body touching the

ground; the forehead and nose, the two hands, the two knees and

two sets of toes as has been stated in the Hadeeth of Ibn Abbas:

عاة أاعظم واالا أاكف ث اوب واالا شاعرا أمرت أان أاسجدا عالاى ساب I was commanded to prostrate myself on seven bones and not to

fold back clothing or hair. [Reported by Muslim]


And when prostrating the worshipper should say:

ىلا ع األا ب ان را حا ب س Glory is to My Lord the Most High


The worshipper should strive in supplicating Allah much as is found in

the Hadeeth narrated by Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said:

أاالا واإن نيت أان أاق راأا القرآنا رااكعا أاو سااجدا فاأاما الركوع ف اعاظ موا فيه واأاما السجود فااجتاهدوا ف الدعااء ف اقامن أان يستاجاابا الرب عاز واجال

لاكم

And see that I have been forbidden to recite the Qur'an in the

state of bowing and prostration. So far as Ruk'u is concerned,

extol in it the Great and Glorious Lord, and while prostrating

yourselves be earnest in supplication, for it is fitting that your

supplications should be answered. [Reported by Muslim]

Raising from the Prostration

On the authority of Abu Qatadah that the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص :

هااواي ارفاع راأساه واي اثن رجلاه اليسراى ف اي اقعد عالاي حات ي ارجعا كل عاظم إلا ماوضعه

Then raised his head, bent his left foot and sat on it so that

every bone returned to its place properl


He would then prostrate a second time as he did before.


Standing Up Again After the first Unit of Prayer

The Messenger of Allah would then carry out the same actions he

did the first unit throughout the prayer.

ث ياصناع ف األخراى مثلا ذالكا

Then he did the same in the second (rak’ah)


Sitting at the End of the Second Unit of Prayer

for the Tashahhud

The Messenger of Allah would then carry out the same actions he

did the first unit throughout the prayer.

ة الت فيهاا التسليم أاخرا رجلاه اليسراى واق اعادا مت اوار كا انات السجدا إذاا كا عالاى شق ه األايسار

And after prostration which if followed by the taslim

(salutation) he out his left foot and sat on his left hip.



The Words of Remembrance

to be said in the Tashahhud

The most authentic manner of performing the Tashahhud can be

found in the hadeeth of Ibn Mas’ood in which the Prophet said:

“So when one of you sits in prayer, he should say:

م عالايكا أاي هاا النب واراحاة الل التحيات لل واالصلاواات واالطي باات السلاد أان الا إلاها إال ناا واعالاى عبااد الل الصاليا ، أاشها م عالاي اته السلا واب اراكا

واأاشهاد أان مامدا عابده واراسوله اللAll words of glorification are for Allah and all acts of worship

and good deeds are for Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet,

and the mercy of Allaah and His blessings. Peace be upon us

and upon the righteous slaves of Allaah. I bear witness that

there is no god except Allaah and I bear witness that

Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. [Agreed Upon]


Sending Peace and Salutations on the Prophet:

This occurs after the Tashahhud. The best manner of sending

Salaat on the Prophet r can be found in what Abu Mas’ood Al-

Badree reported that Basheer bin Sa’ad said to the Prophet :

“Allaah has commanded us to send Salaat on you, O Messenger of

Allaah. So how do we send Salaat on you?” He replied: “Say:

اللهم صال عالاى مامد واعالاى آل مامد كاماا صاليتا عالاى إب رااهيما واعالاى رك عالاى مامد واعالاى آل مامد كاماا يد ، اللهم با يد ما آل إب رااهيما إنكا حا

يد يد ما راكتا عالاى إب رااهيما واعالاى آل إب رااهيما إنكا حا با“O Allah, bless Muhammad and Muhammad’s family as you

blessed Ibraheem and the family of Ibraheem. O Allah, grant

favors to Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as you

granted favors to Ibraheem; Indeed you are the Praiseworthy

and Glorious”.

Supplicating before the Tasleem

Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allaah said:

“When one of you finishes making the last Tashahhud, he should

seek refuge in Allaah from four things, by saying:

ناة اب القاب ، وامن فت اللهم إن أاعوذ بكا من عاذااب جاهانما ، وامن عاذاناة الماسيح الدجال الماحياا واالماماات ، وامن شار ف ت

Oh Allah I seek refuge in you from the punishment of the

Hellfire; from the punishment of the grave; from the trials of

life and death; and from the evil of the Dajjaal.”



Ending the Prayer with Tasleem

The Tasleem is to end the prayer by looking towards the right then

left saying the words the Prophet used in the Hadeeth of Abdullah

bin Mas'ud.

ينه كاانا يسال م عان عالايكم واراحاة الل السلام ياه األايان ت ي حا م عالايكم واراحاة الل السلا واعان ياسااره ،راى ب ايااض خاد

ه األايسار حات ي راى ب ايااض خاد The Messenger of Allah (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) used to say salam to his right:As-

salamu 'alaykum wa rahmatullah (peace be upon you and the

mercy of Allah) , until the whiteness of his right cheek could be

seen, and to his left: As-salamu 'alaykum wa rahmatullah

(peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah) until the whiteness

of his left cheek could be seen.

[Reported by an-Nisaai]

How many prayer units (Rak’aat) are there in

these five prayers?

(Altogether) there are seventeen prayer units. The Dhuhr Prayer has

four units (rak’aat). The ‘Asr Prayer has four units. The Maghrib

Prayer has three units. The ‘Ishaa Prayer has four units and the

Morning (Fajr) Prayer has two units.

While in the state of traveling, the Dhuhr, ‘Asr and ‘Ishaa Prayers

are shortened to two units, thus making the total eleven rak’aat

(units) altogether.


Prayer must be conducted with ease and

relaxation.

The proof for this is the hadeeth of Abu Hurairah in which the

Prophet spoke to a man who prayed badly.

، فاداخا لا عان أاب هراي راةا، أان راسولا الل صلى هللا عليه وسلم داخالا الماسجداراجل فاصالى فاسالما عالاى النب صلى هللا عليه وسلم ف اراد واقاالا ارجع فاصال ،

فاإنكا لا تصال ، ف اراجاعا يصال ي كاماا صالى ث جااءا فاسالما عالاى النب صلى هللا عليه تصال ثالاث . ف اقاالا واالذي ب اعاثاكا بلاق ماا وسلم ف اقاالا : ارجع فاصال فاإن كا لا

أحسن غارياه ف اعال من . ف اقاالا : إذاا قمتا إلا الصلاة فاكاب ، ث اق راأ ماا ت اياسرا ماعاكا منا القرآن، ث اركاع حات تاطمائن رااكعا، ث ارفاع حات ت اعتادلا قاائما، ث اسجد السا، وااف عال ذالكا ف صالاتكا كل هاا حات تاطمائن سااجدا، ث ارفاع حات تاطمائن جا

Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص entered the mosque

and a person followed him. The man prayed and went to the

Prophet and greeted him. The Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص returned the greeting

and said to him, "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed."

The man went back prayed in the same way as before, returned

and greeted the Prophet who said, "Go back and pray, for you

have not prayed." This happened thrice. The man said, "By Him

Who sent you with the Truth, I cannot offer the prayer in a

better way than this. Please, teach me how to pray." The

Prophet (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) said, "When you stand for Prayer say Takbir and

then recite from the Holy Qur'an (of what you know by heart)

and then bow till you feel at ease. Then raise your head and

stand up straight, then prostrate till you feel at ease during

your prostration, then sit with calmness till you feel at ease (do

not hurry) and do the same in all your prayers.” [Agreed Upon]


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