THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
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Transcript of THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
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THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
THE WORLD’S GREATEST TRAGEDY
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Map of the CongoThe Congo at glance!• Straddles the Equateur• Literally and figuratively the heart of Africa• The fulcrum on which the African continent swings• Bordered by nine countries• 1/4th the size of the US and the size of Western Europe• Second largest rainforest• Untapped reserves of enormous resource• Approx. 60 million inhabitants• Over 200 ethnic groups• Life expectancy 51 years• Almost half the population is less than 15 years old
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Who am I?
Personal• Born and raised in Congo• Came to the USA in 1998• 2 siblings• Love Lady Gaga
Professional• Student Coordinator with FOTC• Activist, Writer• Advocate for the Congo
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A Brief Timeline 20, 000 BC: The Ishango Bones.
Pre-Kongo Civilization.
Kongo Empire (1000 BC).
First European Contact
Slave Trade and Fall of Empire Nzinga a Nkuwu, first
Christian Kongo King (1491)Baptized João I
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Scramble for Africa begins European exploration of Africa (David Livingstone,
Henry Morton Stanley). 1884-85 Berlin Conference. King Leopold's Reign (1885 – 1908).
Henry Morton StanleyAmerican Explorer
David LivingstoneBritish Explorer
Leopold IIKing of Belgium
The Berlin Conference
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The First Holocaust
• Extraction of Rubber• Killing of 10 million Congolese under Leopold’s Rule
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George WashingtonWilliams
Civil War veteran, minister, politician and historian. Travelled to the Congo Free State and his open letter to Leopold about the suffering of the region's inhabitants at the hands of Leopold's agents, helped to sway European and American public opinion against the regime running the Congo under which some 10 million people lost their lives.
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William Henry Sheppard
One of the earliest African Americans to become a missionary for the Presbyterian Church. He spent 20 years in Africa, primarily in and around the Congo Free State, and is best known for his efforts to publicize the atrocities committed against the Kuba and other Congolese peoples by King Leopold II's Force Publique.
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Maria Fearing
Born a slave near Gainesville, Alabama in 1838, she learned to read and write at age thirty-three and worked her way through the Freedman's Bureau School in Talladega to become a teacher. At age fifty-six she went to the Congo, where for more than twenty years she worked as a Presbyterian missionary and eventually established the Pantops Home for Girls. Her students nicknamed her, "mama wa Mputu," (mother from far away) as a symbol of their love and appreciation.
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Other Congo Supporters in the 1890-1908 era
Joseph Conrad (Heart of Darkness), Anatole France, Arthur Conan Doyle, (Crime of the Congo), Mark Twain (King Leopold's Soliloquy), Edmund Dene Morel, and Roger Casement founded the Congo reform association
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Belgian Congo (1908 – 1960) Economic Consolidation and
Extractive relationship
Kimbangu resistance
Independence movements disguised as cultural associations
Paternalistic Political Rule and Role of Christian Mission
Van Bilsen 30 year plan for independence
Belgium accumulates debt in the name of the Congolese people
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Patrice Emery Lumumba Brussels conference
Declaration of Independence
Congo elects Patrice Lumumba as Prime Minister (June 30 1960 Lumumba takes office)
Lumumba’s Independence Day Speech
Lumumba assassinated on January 17, 1961 just over six months after taking office
US, Belgium, French, British and UN Involvement in Lumumba’s assassination
Lumumba’s letter to his wife Pauline
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The Mobutu Era (1960-1997) Mobutu Era (1960 – 1997) Initiated first coup in September
1960 Resistance by Nationalist and
Democratic Forces including the Mulele led resistance
Second coup in 1965 when he assumes the full reigns of power
Reign marked by Kleptocracy Cold War Patron of the West Destruction of the country Overthrown in May 1997
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Laurent Desire Kabila Kabila’s time (1996 – 2001) Rwanda invades in October of 1996
using the Hutu unchecked presence in Congo as the rationale for the invasion
Kabila made spokesperson of Rebellion
May 1997 - Brought to power by Rwanda and Uganda with the help of Angola and the backing of the United States (See 2001 Congressional hearing of Tom Tancredo and Cynthia McKinney)
Kabila assassinated in January 2001 replaced by Joseph Kabila
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The First African World War Launched in 1998 with the
second invasion of Congo by Rwanda and Uganda
Attempt to remove Kabila whom both countries installed in May 1997
Kabila appeals to Zimbabwe, Angola and Namibia for support to resist Rwanda and Uganda
Marked by the systemic rape of Congo’s natural resources
Geopolitics - 8 African Countries implicated
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Quote from Women
We were accompanied by body guards for everything, even when we went to the toilet … We had to be at the disposition of the man who raped us all day. It was always the same man. Even if I did not want to, I had to be his concubine. He always had his gun pointed at me and threatened to kill me if I resisted him. If I posed the least resistance, he would hit me.
Therese
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Central IssueThe ultimate reason for the terrorizing of the women and displacement of entire villages by the perpetrators is to access and control mineral rich land of gold, coltan, tin, niobium and other valuable resources. In fact, two types of systematic rapes are taking place in the Congo; one is the violent raping of women and the second is raping of the resources by multinational corporations; and the two are inextricably linked.
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StatisticsBerkeley• 66 % said their home had been destroyed or confiscated• 61 % of those polled in the east said they witnessed the violent death of a family member or friend• 34 % said they themselves had been abducted for more than a week• 53 % reported being forced to work or being enslaved by armed groups• 16 % had been sexually violated and 12 percent multiple times
Johns HopkinsSnap Shot of South Kivu Province
• 82% of rape survivors have STDs
• 60% have lost their husbands
• Estimated 30% of rape survivors are HIV positive
• Impunity throughout province – estimated 40,000 case of rape - 38 cases brought to prosecution.
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PrescriptionsIn order to stop the rapes, we must stop the conflict. The rapes are a direct result of the conflict. International pressure can play a role in stopping the conflict which is in fact the best way to help the women. Also, pressure on corporations to make sure that Congo's wealth is not looted and in fact benefit the people is also needed so that the women will have the resources needed to heal and recover from the trauma that they have experienced.
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Current Situation in the Congo
Transitional Government (2003 – 2006)
One + Four (One president and four vice presidents)
Structural flaws of elections in 2006
Rebel groups in the North and East of Congo
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Predators in the Congo Forrest International (George Forrest) Nikanor (Dan Gertler) Katanga Mining (Glencore) Dodge Phelps (Freeport McMoRan) Anvil Mining First Quantum Trinitech & Eagle Wings Kemet HC Starck Citibank American Mineral Fields/Adastra Cabot Corporation OM Group AngloGold Ashanti World Bank International Monetary Fund Heritage Oil Blattner Group Banro Traxis Woldwide Comprehensive List found on Website
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Why Congo Matters
Rich LandUntold Wealth
Poor PeopleHuman Rights Lost
Since 1885, the affairs of the Congo have not been determined by the people of the Congo
The central question is who is going to control Congo's wealth and for whose benefit
The root cause of the conflict in the Congo is the scramble for her immense natural wealth
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Why Congo Matters
Rich LandUntold Wealth
Poor PeopleHuman Rights Lost
Congo has enormous natural, hydro, agricultural and human potential
Congo's resources are vital to the functioning of the world's military, aerospace, technology and electronics industries
Congo's geo-strategic location and spectacular wealth makes it critical to the development and future of the entire African continent
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The Forces Working Against the People of Congo
Local elites Neighboring countries Multilateral Institutions (World Bank, IMF, London Club, Paris
Club) Foreign governments Foreign Corporations
Congo' challenge is both internal and external. We can help through pressure on the outside and support to
groups on the inside.
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Contribute Your Time, Talent and Treasure
What can you do?
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1. Very Brief History of Congo's challenges: A. Control of Own Affairs B. Internal & External Challenges C. Geostrategic Battle D. Fulcrum on which Africa swings E. Enormous Potential - Energy, Hydro, Agriculture, 2nd Largest Rainforest in the World
2. Key note that what is taking place is the latest expression of scramble for Congo's wealth - would be a mistake if we pursue short-term policies that are not even guaranteed to work
3. We know what works - global pressure and attention on all parties involved
4. Optimum Ways to help: A. Global Pressure - appeal to President Obama to take the lead and encourage other nations to engage on what is a scar on the conscience of humanity B. Support local institutions and connecting them to the global flow of information, commerce and ideas
Congo 101
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Congolese connecting to the world
Social Media for Advocacy
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Break the Silence Movement
• Open-source
• Video Messages from Congolese to communities in Canada, Japan, and cities in America
• Use of technology in advocacy
• Translation of collateral in Japanese and Swedish
• Ideas, talents and skills have developed this movement
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Secretary of StateHillary Clinton on Congo
Kinshasa, D.R. CongoAugust 10, 2009
"Use those cell phones to help organize, create political movements, expose crime and violence and corruption, empower the poor with information, access to credit, and social networks."
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US PresidentBarack Obama
“If Africa is to achieve its promise, resolving the problems in the Congo will be critical."
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Yole Africa in Goma
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Yole Africa in Goma
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Jeunesse pour Une Nouvelle Societe in Kinshasa
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5th Graders at the American School of Kinshasa
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Student at Osaka University in Japan
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Young American Youth in Greensboro, NC
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Champlain breaks the
silence!
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WHAT IF CONGO WAS FREE?
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Africa Today
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Alternate African News Tomorrow
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Refugee Camp in Congo today
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Alternate Future Village in Africa
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Alternate Future African Village
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Alternate Future African City
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Africa at Night Today
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Alternate Future Africa at Night
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Congolese Children Today
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Alternate Future Congolese Children
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Which Future Will You Choose?
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HOW FOTC ACHIEVES ITS VISION
1. End Conflict & Worst Humanitarian Crisis
2. Partner with Congolese to control their resources and
determine their affairs
Global Pressure on world leaders and corporate actors
Support local Congolese institutions
Global Education/Mobilization Campaign
Leads to:
Political process backed by the
global community
Global pressure on international forces (corporate, foreign governments, multilateral) fueling the conflict,
weakening the people’s sovereignty, entrenching dependency and deepening
the impoverishment of the people
Strengthening of local Congolese
institutions
FOTC Top 10 Tactics:1. Congo Week2. Break the Silence
Tour3. Fundraising
Campaigns4. Grow support
networks5. Media outreach6. Commentaries and
policy papers7. Letter Writing
campaigns8. Cultural events9. Delegations to
Congo10. Open source
participation at several levels
Executed on massive global
scale (100 countries, 1,000 communities)
FOTC Strategy
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Get Involved: Take Action Educate yourself Spread the word to your family friends and
loved ones Become a Friend of the Congo Invite A Congolese speaker to your community Support Congolese grassroots institutions Participate in the Recycle Program Write a letter to your elected officials and local
media Write corporations about their involvement in
the Congo Join our cyber protest and myth breakers team Sign-up for the FOTC email list Participate in FOTC delegations to the Congo Bring your talents, expertise, ideas and
suggestion to bear on the Break the Silence global movement
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HOW CAN I HELP?• Join the global movement by visiting Friendsofthecongo.org and congoweek.org
• Text CLUBCONGO to 467467
• Support Congolese petition to Sec. of State Clinton or President Obama
• Make a financial or material (phone, camera, laptop, etc) contribution to our social justice efforts
• Invite us to your campus or community and encourage your family, friends and loved ones to do the same