Effects of load shedding in pakistan - Document Transcript

1. 2010 Effects of Load Shedding on Industries 11/5/2010 2. PREFACE This report “Effect on Load shedding on industries” is

about the impact of load shedding on industries. Our main aim in this report is to identify the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities, to study the environment, drawbacks, reasons, and solution for load shedding.

3. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Mr. Sallahuddin, Course Instructor of Business Law, BIZTEK Karachi Nov 5, 2010 Respected sir, We here by represent our final report concerning the effects on load shedding on industries as assign by you as a mandatory part of course. Hopefully, our report will fulfill its purpose and prove to be beneficial for the students of business law. We also hope that the report will be up to your expectations. Any information or queries regarding this report will be highly appreciated by our team members. Sincerely, Raheel Razzak Sami-ur-Rehman Abdul Qadeer Atif Ahmed Sheikh Abid Ali

4. GROUP PROFILE We, the group members of the report on “Effects Of Load Shedding on Industries” are currently doing Masters in Business Administration (MBA) from BIZTEK. Raheel Razzak (BME/1173) Abdul Qadeer (BME/1168) Sami-ur-Rehman (BME/1172) Atif Ahmed Sheikh (BME/1167) Abid Ali (BME/1110)

5. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Electricity is in short supply in Pakistan, and as a result electric load shedding, break downs, power outages, fluctuations, blackouts etc are a common feature in the country. Whether it is summer or winter, load shedding is there. Some times it is scheduled, while or other occasions it is totally unscheduled. The letter is the worst because it causes untold problems and hardships to the electricity dependent community. It can be confidently said that the electric supply has never been reliable at any time in Pakistan. There are many factors behind electric load shedding in Pakistan. These factors include shortage in river waters, over population, new connections, electric supply to villages, low generation of electricity, fewer dams, power theft, line losses etc. Then load shedding is the result of corruption, inefficiency, mismanagement and defective planning in WAPDA besides incomplete projects like Kala Bagh Dam, misuse of available resources, no generation from atomic and solar energy, lack of consensus and the apathy of the government contribute to load shedding. Load shedding is a great curse. It brings untold misery to people belonging to all walks of life weather they are students, patients, businessman, industrialists, farmers, laborers, mechanics, house wives etc. It

brings all economic, Agricultural and industrial progress to a standstill. The fluctuation plays havoc with the electric equipments like refrigerators, VCRs, Televisions, and Computers etc. The foreign investors shun investing money in different fields due to load shedding starts a long episode of helplessness and frustration. Pakistan can not make progress in any field in the presence of load shedding. Therefore government should take all possible measures to end load shedding from the country. First of all it should remove corruption, inefficiency and mismanagement from WAPDA. New mega dams should be constructed with out further delay. The present available resources should be developed immediately. Power should be generated from solar and nuclear energy. Power theft should be should be stopped forthwith. On the other hand people should make wise and proper use of electricity.

6. They should turn to using energy saving device. No doubt such steps can help a great deal in ending load shedding from the country.

7. INTRODUCTION Electricity load shedding in Pakistan has increased manifold. Minister of water and power Raja Pervaiz Ashraf assured that electricity load shedding would be done according to time schedule. He assured that electricity load shedding will finish by the end of the year 2009 but instead it is doubled what it was in the past year 2009. It is big failure of the government of Pakistan. No country can make progress without electricity. Recent government measures of holiday on Saturday and other saving methods have reduced load shedding but not significantly. Here I want to reveal one big waste of electricity by WAPDA, LESCO and other cities electricity board employees. One low grade LESCO employee told me that he is getting 2,100 units free electricity per month. He told that senior officers are getting 7,000 units and more free electricity per month. So, these employees are getting free electricity equal to their salaries. All this free electricity is being wasted on numerous air conditioners or selling to other rich people. Holiday on Saturday is loss for backward Pakistani nation since already government office procedures are dead slow. Protests are taking place around the country. People of advanced countries cannot imagine to live in such circumstances for a single day. I have never seen such a intense electricity load-shedding during my whole life. Minister of water and power Raja Pervaiz Ashraf failed to fulfill his promises. Electricity load-shedding is one of the biggest issues in Pakistan including poverty and unemployment. Government should take drastic measure to finish this electricity load-shedding. Pakistani nation is unhappy that government and opposition is busy in other legislative issues instead of resolving these primary issues. I challenge that I can resolve electricity load- shedding issue

in one year if I become minister or high official of ministry of power. On February 06, 2010 there was eight hours of continuous load shedding. Such shutdown takes place one day every week on the pretext of maintenance. Local LESCO employees told that this shut down takes place from local Grid station. SDO and XEN never attend their mobiles. There numbers are provided on electricity bills

8. as a joke. Similarly other responsible authorities concerned with load-shedding are not attending their phones. I talked to PS of LESCO chief executive and suggested him to suspend such staff who are not fulfilling their duties. There is another very unjust aspect of electricity load shedding. There is no or less electricity load shedding in officer’s colonies or in rich posh areas. Always equal treatment is suggested by all national and international organizations. There must be equal time of electricity load shedding for every part of Lahore. Further electricity load shedding is being used as a weapon in order to obstruct people from work. This type of electricity load shedding happens any time without any time table. Political parties have joined hand for forming coalition government but people are facing inexpressible difficulties. Now political parties should work together for the resolution of important issues like electricity load-shedding and people’s poverty.

9. WHAT IS LOAD SHEDDING Load shedding is what electric utilities do when there is a huge demand for electricity that exceeds the generation available. The alternative is to have a brown-out where the voltage is reduced. FACTORS OF LOADSHEDDING There are many factors behind electric load shedding in Pakistan. • These factors include shortage in river waters, • over population, new connections, electric supply to villages, low generation of electricity, fewer dams, power theft, line losses etc. • The load shedding is the result of corruption, inefficiency, mismanagement and defective planning in WAPDA besides incomplete projects like Kala Bagh Dam, misuse of available resources, no generation from atomic and solar energy, lack of consensus and the apathy of the government contribute to load shedding. • KESC deliberately switches off power units to conserve fuel • Valuable power-generation equipment is protected from being damaged by excess power demand or "distribution network overload" conditions. • One most important factor of load shedding is circular debt. The reality of circular debt is KESC didn’t make payment to WAPDA, and WAPDA didn’t make payment further……..

10. EFFECTED GROUPS • social-priority customers - such as hospitals, defence, police, national communications services and vital manufacturing plants - can continue to be supplied with power even though non-priority

customers - such as normal domestic homes, offices and shops - may have to be subjected to power outages during a period of load-shedding That factory has losses from shutting down its equipment and idling its workers. • According to an estimate, there are 10,000 factories in Lahore, among which approximately 30-40 percent factories have been closed because of load shedding. These factories were utilizing electricity and Sui gas in a huge amount. In these factories, plastic molding, rubber articles, leather garments, cotton, iron-made goods, and many other things were being produced • According to the labor department sources, approximately 800,000 laborers have been dispelled from their jobs. While, 400,000 to 800,000 laborers were receiving less wage. “The owners have finished the overtime facility because of loadshedding and this was increasing our hardships • Marriage halls will no longer be able to host all-night wedding parties • Neon signs and brightly-lit billboards are to be banned • The prolong load shedding in all four districts of Faisalabad has not only disturbed the public life but also left drastic impact on industries and commercial activities. According to details, the load-shedding hour has reached from 18 to 20 and 20 to 22 in all four districts of Faisalabad division including Toba Tek Singh, Chiniot, Jhang and Faisalabad. The power looms factories have closed owing to unscheduled and prolonged load shedding while hundreds of industries are also going to be closed while, thousands of labourers have become jobless. Un-scheduled load shedding has left ruinous impact on Textile and Hosiery industry. The national exchequer has to bear loss of million dollars when Textile and hosiery industry of Faisalabad cancelled foreign orders owing to prolong load shedding

11. SUGUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS • First of all Government should remove corruption, inefficiency and mismanagement from WAPDA. • New mega dams should be constructed with out further delay. The present available resources should be developed immediately. • Power should be generated from solar, nuclear energy, wind turbine and water turbines. Power theft should be should be stopped forthwith. On the other hand people should make wise and proper use of electricity. They should turn to using energy saving device. No doubt such steps can help a great deal in ending load shedding from the country. • There are many other cases where lots of smaller consumers agree to reduce demand on hot summer days, such as by reducing air conditioning or lighting. • In most of the companies and offices, the electricity is consuming highly, as interior designing in the offices ACs are used instead of general fans and the fancy lights also used as the interior designing is.

12. ELECTRICITY LOAD SHEDDING IN PAKISTAN ONLY DUE TO DEFECTIVE POLICIES The electricity load shedding in Pakistan would have not been a big problem to cope with but its made much bigger by adopting the defective policies. One of the causes of load shedding is called the circular debt, which means the private electricity generation companies keep generating the power but they do not get the money for the electricity they have provided, in that case they can generate the electricity for limited period and after that when the outstanding amount to be paid by government to these companies cross a limit, by being not able to fuel costs these companies stop the production till they have get paid back by government. This have been happening very much lately, current approach from government is they let the circular dept build up and while companies stop production they are paid back after many months and mean while that halt brings in more shortage and more electricity load shedding subsequently. Now this is the place where the issue of rental power plants comes in. The question is, when you are not able to finance the current infrastructure and when you are not fully utilizing the current generation capacity, why on earth you need the rental power plants? – It would have made some sense if the rental power plants would have have come with low cost electricity but unfortunately other than thinking of paying back the circular dept and taking all the current resources in action our government have chosen to bring in the rental power plants. The plants which does not still started generating the power but we already started paying the rent money. After carefully reading what’s written above one can decide that the rental power plants stunt was really not required at the moment. Moreover when you live in country which is blessed with so much of natural resources why on earth you have to go for rental power plants. Wind forms and solar energy power plants have got huge potential in this country which can bring in lots of low cast energy, also if more dams are planned, we can get much more hydro power.

13. After that come in the coal reserves which is blessing for this nation, we have got the coal reserves which are in few biggest coal reserves of the world. Research shows that if we use just 2% of these reserves for power generation we will be able to keep on generating the extra 25000 Mega Watts of power for next 40 years just from coal and we just have overall electricity consumption of 16000 Mega Watts country wide today. 12000 Mega Watts of power out of our 16000 mega watts is already being generated. The above facts clearly show that if the right policies are adopted we can not only generate enough power to meet our energy requirements but also generate power to sell out. The problems of our country have never been the resources but only and only the sincere leadership which really

cares for the country and all the souls living in it. For the moment we can just pray to Allah for blessing Pakistan with the leadership which is sincere and capable of making things happen. Next time when you vote in elections just think for your country and nothing else, keep the previous experiences in mind, they will help you much. CURRENT ISSUES LAHORE, April 15, 2010 (Frontier Star): Chambers of Commerce & Industry in Punjab and Trade, Industrial Associations of Lahore have warned that they would be forced to handover the keys of their premises if the electricity and gas load shedding are not immediately stopped. Entrepreneurs from all major industrial sectors and representatives of all major markets of the city at a meeting held at Lahore Chamber of Commerce and Industry resolved that the selective load shedding Punjab would no more be tolerated. The meeting was attended by Presidents of Sargodha, Sialkot and Gujranwala Chambers of Commerce and Industry, former President Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce Manzoor Malik, the representatives All Pakistan Textile Mills Association, Lahore Township Industrial Association, Ferozepur Road Industrial Association, Pharmaceutical Association, Steel Furnace Owners, Steel Melters Association, representatives of auto vendors,

14. plastic manufacturers, packaging industries, and all major Lahore Markets. Attributing the unprecedented power outages the result of incompetence the meeting asked for removal of all the PEPCO and LESCO officials responsible for the electricity crisis. The meeting also questioned the wisdom of the government in granting nine extensions to the MD Sui Northern Pipeline Company and demanded his immediate removal. They were unanimous that the gas supplies during the tenure of the present MD SNGPL have been erratic and inconsistent. President Lahore chamber of Commerce and industry Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry demanded that PEPCO and LESCO should be privatized immediately. And the new boards should be constituted in consultation with the private sector so that they could take decision in collaboration with real stakeholders. He said the government should announce immediate construction of Kala Bagh Dam and assured that the entire amount needed for its construction would be provided by the people of Pakistan. He said that consensus on this issue should be obtained from all federating units on the same manner as done in case of NFC and 18th amendment. After passing these resolutions the participants of the meeting staged a protest march towards Governor House. They were carrying banners inscribed with slogans against LESCO and PEPCO authorities. Hundreds of entrepreneurs were joined by over thousand workers of the industries and shops that chanted slogans against PEPCO, SNGPL and LESCO. The participants also demanded of the government to

expedite work on Neelum-Jhelum, Basha Diamir projects for the sake of our future generations. They said that they were unable to understand that why the government was not taking any initiative to put in place alternate electricity generation projects despite availability of huge coal reserves, vast tracts of Windy areas and abundant solar energy.

15. LOADSHEDDING IN PAKISTAN GIVES BIRTH TO NEW COTTAGE INDUSTRY LAHORE: The unending load shedding was giving rise to a new form of cottage industry which was producing scores of goods to counter the power outages. Load shedding, though, has adversely affected the big industries, yet it helped small industry to grow Small manufacturers, who were actually exploiting load shedding, are getting handsome amount by making emergency lights, candles, generators, UPS and many others. The ignored and even dying business of artificial power sources got strength in the current “era of darkness.” This load shedding crisis started for a long time ago, this gave birth to the electrical equipments price-hike. Since that period, the price has not come down and the manufacturers earning abnormal profits for energy articles. An industry has come into being which was creating jobs (sort of cottage industry) and has expanded to many homes from workshop or factory and manual labor has been benefited. According to an estimate, there are 10,000 factories in Lahore, among which approximately 30-40 percent factories have been closed because of load shedding. These factories were utilizing electricity and Sui gas in a huge amount. In these factories, plastic molding, rubber articles, leather garments, cotton, iron-made goods, and many other things were being produced. According to the labor department sources, approximately 800,000 laborers have been dispelled from their jobs. While, 400,000 to 800,000 laborers were receiving less wage. “The owners have finished the overtime facility because of loadshedding and this was increasing our hardships,” said Mubarak, a worker at Band Road. However, on the other hand, many producers are making Ultra Power Supply (UPS) of 500-1000w and selling them on various prices ranging from Rs 6,000-12,000. They claimed that at least two tube lights, two fans, one computer and one TV could be run, but the price, they are charging, did not include the cost of battery of 48A or more, which was available in the market at Rs 2,400 to Rs 4,500. Moreover, the

16. battery age was approximately one-year and if the battery spoiled, the consumers have to bear more charges for its repairing or replacing. Rashid, a generator dealer said that 2007 has recorded an increase in the prices of ordinary generator by Rs 2,000 to Rs 5,000 depending on different brands, sizes and quality. Usually, the China made generators were being used more,

as compared to other imported ones, whose rates were very high. Saleem, a generator dealer, told The Post that the market was stocked with various varieties of generators in accordance with their power capacity, some were operated on diesel, and petrol and some on gas. It is pertinent to mention here that replica articles have also captured the markets due to its low price, although there was a serious concern about their quality. Most of the shopkeepers were selling artificial light gadgets because, they said, the common people forced them to bring these goods to the markets. But the risk of these commodities, being a substandard quality, pose a grave risk that it might be exploded. In summer season, coolers and fans demand would also rise, especially in schools, colleges, homes, offices etc. and in case of continuity of loadshedding, the demand of artificial energy resources would likely to rise. IMPACT ON ECONOMY • Load shedding can affect the country's economy. It has an over all effect on people's life. It slows down the industrialization. It affects commercial operations as most of the operations are in the evening hour’s effects the student's studies also. • Shortage of furnace oil and oil prices is continuously increasing. Due to continue use of furnace oil in self generation of electricity. (generators)

17. • Load shedding is resorted mainly because of the demand supply gap during peak hours. the situation can be managed to an extent by the co operation of the consumers to flatten the load curve. The consumption which can be shifted from the peak hours to other time slots can ease the situation. And causing increase in inflation because price is also increasing of good or commodity per unit 30% to 60% SUPPLY & DEMAND OF ELECTRICITY IN PAKISTAN Supply and Demand of Electricity in Pakistan Supply and Demand Position: 2008-2020 (MW) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Existing Generation 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 15,903 Proposal / Committed 530 4,235 7,226 10,115 10,556 13,307 13,520 14,607 16,134 18,448 18,448 18,448 18,448 Generation Total Existing/Committed 16,484 20,138 23,129 26,018 26,459 29,210 29,423 30,510 32,037 34,351 34,351 34,351 34,351 Generation Expected Available 13,146 16,110 18,503 20,814 21,167 23,368 23,538 24,408 25,630 27,481 27,481 27,481 27,481 Generation Demand (Summer 16,484 17,868 19,352 20,874 22,460 24,126 25,919 28,029 30,223 35,504 34,918 37,907 41,132 Peak) Surplus/Deficit -10,42 -13,65 -3,338 -1,758 -849 -60 -1,293 -758 -2,381 -3,621 -4,593 -8,023 -7,437 Generation 6 1

The Demand for Electricity in Pakistan

A. Serletis University of Calgary - Economics

Asghar Shahmoradi University of Calgary - Economics

OPEC Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 19-26, March 2006

Abstract:      This paper examines the patterns of electricity demand in Pakistan over the period 1970–2006 using autoregressive distributed lag technique to cointegration. Long run and short-run price and income elasticities are examined for the national level and for the three major consumer's categories—households, industry and agriculture. The overall results suggest that income and price elasticities possess expected signs at aggregate and disaggregate levels in the long run as well as in the short run. The error correction terms possess expected negative signs and are highly significant with reasonable magnitudes. Furthermore, the estimated long run and short-run electricity demand functions remains stable over the sample period. The results thus convey important information to the agents operating in the electricity market regarding the pricing policies and helps in planning the future strategy of electricity demand management.

Number of Pages in PDF File: 27

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In January 2008 a prolonged energy shortage in Pakistan turned in to a full blown crisis. A new precedent was set with load shedding taking place for eight hours each day, which gradually increased to the point of twelve hour black outs. This was due to the deficit of about 3000 to 4000 MW of electricity, also induced by robust increase in oil prices among other factors. The effects of the energy crisis were catastrophic: the Pakistani economy slumped, unemployment increased, and foreign investor confidence dropped. On the advent of such an occasion our dependency on energy is highlighted and this turns into an exemplary incident to show the halt the lack of its presence can inflict on our lives. The example stated is of the main few metropolitan cities set aside the fact that big chunks of rural areas have yet no access to electricity at all. This paper will focus on the various means available for energy production – thermal, hydro, wind, solar etc – each analyzed with their respective pros and cons. The purpose of this paper would be to provide a framework for the switch to renewable energy

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Almost Half Of All Pakistanis (43%) Complain Of More Than 8 Hours Of Load Shedding In Their Locality

A recent Gilani poll conducted by Gallup Pakistan, shows that 43% of all Pakistanis claim to be affected by more than 8 hours of load shedding, 25% complain of 6-8 hours without electricity, 27% of 3- 5 hours and 4% of 1-2 hours. 1% have given no response. The figures reflect their perceptions and may or may not correspond with the real load shedding durations.

A nationally representative sample of men and women from across the country were asked the following question: “What is the duration of load shedding in your area?” Forty three percent (43%) suffered from more than 8 hours of load shedding, 25% complained of 6-8 hours of load shedding, 27% remained 3-5 hours without electricity while 4% 1-2 hours. 1% gave no response.

The findings of the survey revealed that more ruralites (54%) complain of more than 8 hours of load shedding while more urbanites (41%) claim to remain 3 to 5 hours without electricity.

“What is the duration of load shedding in your area?”

The study was released by Gilani foundation and carried out by Gallup Pakistan, the Pakistani affiliate of Gallup International. The recent survey was carried out among a sample of 2748 men and women in rural and urban areas of all four provinces of the country, during July 2010. Error margin is estimated to be approximately + 2-3 per cent at 95% confidence level.

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  #1   Monday, October 04, 2010

ken99m

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load shedding in Pakistan & some solutions

This year, people of Pakistan faced many problems, just like, hyper inflation, flood, Load shedding and so on. No country without electricity, in today’s era, can expect the development, and our country is facing shortage of thousands of the mega watts, which increases each year.Not only Government, but also Public and Electric Supply companies are also responsible for power block out. Government each year makes the promises to reduce the shortfall, but that increases each year. You may take example of this Year-2010, people of Pakistan faced more then 15 hours of the load shedding just in 24 hours. Not only textile or Large Manufacturing companies but also small businesses are also totally dependent upon the electricity. Just like, Tailor shop, car service shop, patrol pumps and etc, are totally dependent upon electricity. So if they face the electricity shortfall about 15 hours each day, so how would they be able to grow up their businesses? In this way, they have to look for generators, which increase their cost of production.Each year, our Government to reduce the shortfall, borrows the huge amount of the loans from the International markets, but in actual, they don’t even bother to pay the depts. of the Electric supplying companies, and they abstain them to not to pay to IPPs. And in result, they are unable to generate more power to supply more.You most probably have observed that each year tariffs increase, but this is not solution, more Government will increase the rate, and more corruption will increase. Just by bribing few thousands, a person gets his Bill, on his own demand and in this case Public is also responsible to have more shortfall. About 6000-7000 MW electricity Shortage is facing our country. Pakistan and Electric supplies companies have borrowed the huge loan from the Local market, and now they are unable to payback, even they are unable to pay to Fuel supplying companies, and due to that reason, Electric supply companies are unable to generate more power, because of unavailability of fuel, resulting shortfall in the country.One of the reasons of the shortfall is that WAPDA or any other Supplying company of Pakistan lacks in Knowledge of IT, and they have very less habit of the Research. Research also helps a lot, to search new ways, implement new

strategies, and to grow. But those companies are lacking behind in that case. This might be the reason of electric shortfall, that Government deliberately don’t make supply companies to produce more so that people of Pakistan remain disturbed, and don’t let them think about any other matter, just like about terrorism, political matters. During peak time of the Shortfall, people only think of one matter, they look in their clock or watches and wait for electricity to come.Now, Government should not increase any more tariffs, because increasing the tariffs is not solution to the problem. A person who earns only RS-400/ each day, how would that be able to pay the electricity bill, which comes with increased tariff rate. In that condition, I will say that Government urges people to bribe Supplying companies. Sometimes, without any reason people receive bill along with huge amount of the deduction, again this makes Public to bribe Supplying companies.Government should now think of Research department and research ways in the WAPDS, HESCO etc, and should think of Green power generating ways.Solar panel and wind energy no doubt are very costly, if any party is interested in owing Solar panel, has to import from foreign (mostly people own from foreign, but in Pakistan, very few companies are making and Selling Panels & wind energy equipments), and they have to pay huge amount of the Tax, and final price for them remains huge, but is beneficial in long run. These days, people have converted their power generators on Gas, but you might have faced Gas’ shortfall too. My point is that, if this condition remained continued, the day is not far from us when we will have 15 hours of shortfall for Gas too.There are many ways to produce electricity. From Patrol, water and gas, we are already making. We can generate power from solar system & Wind. By nuclear fission, we can generate power. It’s not used for atomic bombs only, but it can be utilized to generate electricity. From Bio-waste: modernization of electricity has made electricity easy to be generated from bio-waste. Those were only few ways to generate power, but if those ways are implemented, I hope at least one city would be free of load shedding.

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An Essay In Energy Crisis In Pakistan And How Can We Solve It?

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How to survive the energy crisis in PakistanBy Dr M. AsifTHE loadshedding-driven sleepless nights and disrupted daily routines of last summer are still haunting the people as the weather turns hot. The situation has not improved since last year; indeed all the signs are that it is getting worse.Credit goes to brave Pakistanis for surviving through the winter despite 10-hour power and gas loadshedding. But in the upcoming summer when the mercury is going to consistently hover round 40°C, occasionally rising to 50°C in some places, a power crisis of a similar order is going to prove unbearable. Last summer the national media reported tragic deaths due to heatstroke and dehydration. The energy crisis in winter forced thousands of industries to

shut down operations, affecting industrial production and the livelihoods of thousands of families.

Considering the indispensability of energy — since 1947, per capita electricity dependence in Pakistan has grown 82-fold — the current state of affairs can be regarded as a ‘national crisis’. The quickest and pragmatic solution — multi-gigawatt capacity addition based on local coal and hydropower — will require at least 2-3 years (5-7 years for hydropower) provided that bold and concerted steps are taken on a war footing.

Assuming optimistically that this will happen, we still have to devise ways in the interim to meet the electricity deficit in the country which has soared to over 40 per cent. The challenge now is how to survive this summer and how to stop the crisis from getting worse. The solution lies in a collective national effort.

Two key elements of a possible solution are: Categorical change in the pattern of energy consumption and change in lifestyles.

The current energy consumption trends in Pakistan are extremely inefficient, whether it be in the domestic, industrial, trade or commercial sectors. With minimal effort, well over ten per cent of national electricity can be saved by applying only the first level of energy conservation, that is a change in attitude. It is simple, instant and effective and all it requires is a stop to using energy unnecessarily.

Leaving lights and home appliances on even when they are not being used is a common practice in our society. Similarly, many businesses such as shops dealing in cloth and garments, jewellery, cosmetics, home appliances and electronics are usually extravagantly lit. It is commonly observed that shops that could do with two or three 40-watt tube lights to meet the desired level of luminance use as many as 15 to 20 tubes. Not only does this increase power consumption, it also generates heat and makes the environment uncomfortable.

A further economy of 10-15 per cent can be achieved by introducing the second level of energy-conservation practices, especially in industry. Collectively, just through conservation, more than half of the electricity deficit can be met. However to do that, public education is essential. With the help of effective electronic and print media campaigns the government can quickly educate the masses.

The second part of the solution is a change in lifestyles. It would begin with the acknowledgement that the country is facing a national disaster and every citizen has to pitch in to overcome it. The nation has to draw a clear line between necessities (lighting, fans, TVs, computers, etc) and luxuries (air conditioners, microwaves, etc). There is not enough electricity to meet both requirements.

We will have to compromise on luxurious lifestyles in order to meet the necessities. Markets and commercial places can substantially reduce their power consumption by changing their working hours. An early start and early end to capitalise on daylight as

much as possible should be recommended rather than having opening hours from afternoon until late at night.Air-conditioning, usually a sign of a luxurious lifestyle, needs to be dropped. Bearing in mind that a typical domestic AC consumes far more electricity in one hour than a fan does over 24 hours, air conditioning should not be allowed except for sensitive applications such as hospitals and research centres. The choice is between using ACs for a few hours and then doing without electricity in peak summer months or avoiding ACs and other luxury gadgets but having round-the-clock electricity available to meet fundamental needs.

Any such policy should be made at the highest level and its implementation should also begin there because charity starts at home. The common man would only be convinced of the looming crisis when he sees the ruling elite practise what it preaches.

The ruling class should lead by example in matters of power conservation. If it does so the common man will follow suit. It is time for the elite to take energy-saving initiatives like abandoning the use of central air conditioning, travelling by special flights and irrelevant use of official transport.

These recommendations are neither impractical nor a step backward, as some sections may perceive them to be. If implemented they can not only avoid the collapse of a bankrupt energy infrastructure but also ensure progress. Even those who have access to easy money and can afford different gadgets such as generators to offset reduced power supply will still feel the heat one way or the other. The bottom line is, in order to safely get through the current energy crisis the nation has to differentiate between its necessities and its luxuries.

If loadshedding is still unavoidable despite all these measures, Wapda/KESC should organise the cuts in a sensible way to cause minimum discomfort. Loadshedding schedules should be properly planned and announced. Anonymous Great Answer Report

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How to solve the power crisesfarhan khaliq channaS.A.L.U khairpuraccording to my opinion pakistan govt: Can solve this problem by utiizing the coal resources because on this stage where pakistan stands we cannot only lie on hydro powers  to generate the electicity if we are using our coal resources we can not face energy crises upto 40 years long time period because by utilizing the coal we can produce 20000 megawalt and by utilizing 2% of resources we can fulfil oil demand also on oil we are spending 4 billion annually which is a huge cost. Anonymous Great Answer Report Why not first make our already built thermal power stations more efficient.The thermal power plants in Pakistan are less than 50% efficient and i Anonymous Great Answer Report Manage the resources first. And then make plan and implement them in a efficient manner. Anonymous Great Answer Report Govt should makes the dams Anonymous Great Answer Report

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Pakistan is going to one of the worst time period after its independance. I would like to give some facts regrarding Electricity Generation, rise in rates and current government reasons to increase these charges after few months.

No Options Incremental Capital

Cost ($/kW)

Total Cost

(Cents/kWh)

1. Use of Existing Stalled IPP Capacity

(Comparator)

Sunk Cost 12.07

2. Introduction of Compact Fluorescent Lense 28 0.37

3. New IPP Capacity (Gas) 862 7.06

4. New IPP Capacity Residual Fuel Oil 1368 17.31

5. Rental Power Projects (Gas) 1020 8.9

6. Rental Power Projects (Residual Fuel Oil) 1466 19.46

The Rental Power Project will cost around 19.46 per cent whereas at the moment wapda is supplying the electricity around 6.62 R/kWh. The worst scenarion would be in 2011 where govt has to increase 25%. The current increase in prices is due to lack of tax receipt and terms agreed with IMF.

The aim of this debate is to aware all of us that we need to raise our voices not only for the corruptions made by this govt but also force govt to make new dams. Build Bhasha having capacity of 4500 and one made controversial is Kala Bagh which is the best in terms of cost and capacity (6000).

I request to all oversees key figures to play their role to bring out Pakistan from this darkness and energy crisis.

Being an individuall what we can do:-

1)  use energy saver instead bulbs or tube lights.2)  Turn off lights, fans, ac etc if not in use3)  Do not leave mobile phone charger, TV, Electronic machines on stand by.4) Use of day light wherever possible

Otherwise, we will be in more worst situation than everbofore. I believe even if govt do something extra ordinary, the loadshedding would not end by 2013-15. and govt does not seem to in mood to solve common man problem.

I wish I could kick Pervaiz Asharaf on his baseless claims that he would end this load shedding.

Thanks for reading and comments. Remember, I am not in WAPDA or PEPCO. Infact where I am, no body can imagine a breakdown of electricty for a minute and I have never seen and power cut in last 4 years. This is little effort towards awareness.