The Dairy Industry Part 1.
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Transcript of The Dairy Industry Part 1.
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The Dairy Industry
Part 1
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Objectives
• Define terms used to describe dairy animals, and identify the parts of a dairy animal.
• Compare and contrast the major breeds of dairy cattle.
• Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production.
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Proper terms and the parts of a dairy animal
• Knowing basic dairy cattle terminology is important.
• A. The following are common names and terms used in describing dairy cattle.– 1. Cattle are bovines, which are members of the genus Bos.– 2. A mature male is a bull.– 3. A mature female is a cow.– 4. A young male is a bull.– 5. A young female is a heifer.– 6. A castrated male is a steer.– 7. A newborn is a calf.– 8. A group of cattle is a herd.
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Proper terms and the parts of a dairy animal
• B. Dairy cattle have many external parts that we need to identify to judge them and to describe any problems the animals may have.
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Proper terms and the parts of a dairy animal
• C. Since dairy cattle are used mainly for milk production, the reproductive system and mammary system comprise the most important internal parts.
• 1. The reproductive system is the system that reproduces cattle by natural, in vitro, or various artificial means of insemination.
• 2. The mammary system is the system that produces milk after parturition.
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Proper terms and the parts of a dairy animal
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What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
• Seven major breeds of dairy cattle are used for milking. • Each breed has advantages and disadvantages.• A. Holstein cattle are the most popular breed of
dairy cattle. – This breed makes up more than 90 percent of the dairy cattle in the
United States. – The name Holstein is shortened from Holstein-Friesian. – The breed came from The Netherlands in the early 1600s. – The animals are black and white and very large.
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What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
– The cows can weigh up to 1,500 pounds, and the bulls up to 2,200 pounds.
– The biggest advantage of Holsteins is that, in comparison to other breeds, they produce the largest average amount of milk per cow.
– The disadvantage is that although they produce more milk, it is lower in butterfat and protein.
– Butterfat is the fat content of the milk.
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What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
• B. Red & White Holstein cattle evolved from black-and-white Holsteins. – Other than the color
difference, all characteristics of the Red & White Holstein and the Holstein are very similar.
– The animals are large and have high milk production but with lower butterfat and lower protein than other breeds.
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What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
• C. Ayrshire cattle originated in Scotland and were ntroduced to North America in the early 1800s. – The colors are light to dark
cherry red, brown, and white in any combination.
– There is also a polled strain of Ayrshire.
– The animals of this breed are most widely known for having strong feet and legs, good grazing ability, and strong, well-attached udders.
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What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
• D. Brown Swiss dairy cattle originated in the Alps of Switzerland and were introduced to North America in 1869. – In comparison to Holsteins,
Brown Swiss cattle have a higher fat and protein ratio and a calmer disposition.
– The Brown Swiss is solid brown, varying greatly from very light to dark.
– Both the nose and the tongue are black, and the muzzle has a light-colored band around it.
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What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
• E. Guernsey dairy cattle originated on the island of Guernsey and were brought to North America in 1831. – Their color is mostly fawn, with
clearly defined white markings. – Guernsey cattle usually have smaller
calves than other breeds. – They are most commonly known for their milk color,
which is more golden than that of other breeds. – The popularity of Guernseys has declined, although
they are small, quiet cattle that are very easy to work with.
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What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
• F. Jersey cattle originated on the island of Jersey and were brought to North America in 1850. – They vary greatly in color and color patterns, which may be fawn,
near white, or grayish and may or may not include white markings.
– The breed is especially known for its udder qualities: well shaped with strong attachments.
– Although the amount of milk is lower in Jersey cattle than other breeds, the butterfat and protein content is the highest.
– The popularity of this small breed has increased in the last few years.
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What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
• G. The Milking Shorthorn originated in England and can be any combination of red and white, just red, or just white. – The breed is very adaptable to a variety of
situations and is commonly used for beef production as well as dairy.
– The breed is fairly new compared with other breeds, since it was just designated as a dairy breed in 1968.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?• Dairy production has several advantages and
disadvantages.• A. The advantages of raising dairy cattle are:– 1. The raising of dairy cattle has proven to be a
stable agricultural enterprise for many years. – 2. Dairy production leads to a reasonable profit
and allows for long-term financial growth.– 3. Dairy producers take great pride and satisfaction
in ownership and production of milk and milk products.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?– 4. Dairy animals react and bond to kindness.
– 5. The dairy industry provides wholesome milk and other dairy foods and products to consumers.
– 6. The dairy industry also contributes to the beef supply.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?• B. The disadvantages of raising dairy cattle are:– 1. Cows must be milked twice a day. – 2. A huge capital investment is needed. – 3. Dairy cattle cannot get an adequate supply of
nutrients from roughages alone. • Their rations must include concentrates. • Concentrates are feeds, such as grains or protein
supplements, that allow the diet to be high-energy based.
– 4. Lactation requires large amounts of nutrients.
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Review
• What are the proper terms used in describing dairy cattle, and what are the parts of a dairy animal?
• What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?