Index

Aachen. See peace of Aix-la-Chapelleabsolutism, 86, 123Action Program, 254–55, 266, 267, 272Adamec, Ladislav, 289, 290Adler, Viktor, 143Adriatic Sea, 8Adventures of the Good Soldier Svejk

(Hasek), 158, 233Aegean Sea, 8Aeroflot, 269Age of Reason. See EnlightenmentAgnew, Theodore L., xx–xxiAgrarian Party, 150, 153, 168, 180–81, 182,

183, 185, 204, 206, 220agrarian reform, 107–8, 140, 151, 186, 187,

191agricultural collectivization, 241, 243Agrobanka Praha, 313–14peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 84Albrecht of Habsburg, 29–30, 51Albrecht of Wallenstein, 69, 70Ales, Mikolas, 158Alexander I of Russia, 102Alexander II of Russia, 133

PAGE 415

Alexander of Yugoslavia, 193Alexandreida (Czech rhyming epic), 25, 30All-National coalition, 185Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper), 115American Club of Czech Women, 132Andrassy, Gyula, 130, 136Andropov, Yurii, 282Anezka, 25Anna, daughter of Ludwig, 32Anna the Belvedere, 64anti-Semitism, 151, 157, 200, 207, 239Anti-State Right Declaration, 148hierarchy of appeals, 74appeasement, policy of, 203April Laws of 1848, 129–30Arab-Israeli Six-Day War, 251architecture

Baroque decoration for, 65in Bohemia, 25, 33, 35, 54climatic adaptation of, 64Mannerism decoration for, 65of Renaissance, 64–65sgraffito facades for, 65

Archive of the National Museum, xxi, 104,159

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Arnold, Emanuel, 115Arpad dynasty, 23Art Nouveau, 159Articles of Prague, 45, 47–48, 50Athenaeum (journal), 143Auersperg, Adolf, 136Treaty of Augsburg, 71Augustinian canons, 40the Ausgleich, 128–33, 135, 136Austria

the Ausgleich for, 128–33, 135, 136autonomy of Slavs in, 119, 120, 121, 133,

345n37Congress of Vienna for, 97constitution for, 119, 122as counterbalance to Russia, 118Czech cooperation with, 116, 118domination of, by Napoleon, 96end of Enlightenment for, 97federalism for, 128, 130, 133gain of Lombardy/Venetia by, 97, 117, 125German culture in, 91, 135Government Council for, 119government in, under Joseph II, 90–92grossdeutsch/kleindeutsch solution for,

117inflation in, 165pro-German policy of, 137Reichstag elections in, 121–22treaty of Schonbrunn for, 96war between Prussia and, 130

Austria-HungaryBohemian crownlands in, 160collapse of, 175democratization of, 150German dominance of, 162methods with Russia by, 161at start of World War I, 164

duchy of Austria, 19, 47Austrian Anschluss, 189, 196, 197Austrian Empire, 3–4Austrian National Archive, xxiAustrian National Library, xxiAustrian Social-Democracy, 142the Avars, 9–10Avignon, popes of, 31, 36, 38

Babenbergs, 19, 20Babylonian captivity, 38, 40. See also

Avignon

PAGE 416

Bach, Alexander, 122, 126–31Badeni, Kazimierz, 148, 149Bakunin, Mikhail, 125Balbın, Bohuslav, 77Balkan Wars of 1912–13, 163Banat of Temesvar, 78Barak, Rudolf, 249barbarian invasions, 8Baroque, 65, 75, 77Barthou, Louis, 193Basel, ecumenical council at, 49Battle of the Nations, 96–97Bavaria, 10, 12Baxa, Karel, 150BBC. See British Broadcasting CorporationBela IV, 20Belcredi, Richard, 130Belgium, 97, 103Treaty of Belgrade, 80Benedictines, 14, 66, 76Benes, Edvard, 166, 167, 170, 171–72, 181,

186, 187, 188–89, 193, 194–95, 196, 197,203, 205, 329, 331acceptance of Hitler’s demands by, 204demise of, 233, 236in exile, 206, 208, 211, 220foresight of, 208German demands upon, 204Great Retribution Decree by, 224, 360n51Munich Agreement and, 218–19postwar return of, 222reorganized government and, 231, 231–32Western ties and, 227

Beran, Josef, 239Beran, Rufolf, 192, 196, 206, 207, 208Berger family, xxiBerlin crisis, 249Berlin Wall, 286Bethlehem chapel, 40, 41the Bible, 40, 43Biedermeier style, 102–3Bienert, Richard, 208Bila Hora. See battle of White MountainBil’ak, Vasil, 255, 259, 260, 262, 268, 273,

275, 282Bismarck, 130Black Benedictines, 76Black Death. See plagueBlack Sea, 4, 8Blanche of Valois, 32

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Index 417

Bocek, Antonın, 105Bohemia

agrarian reform for, 107–8agriculture for, 106architecture in, 25, 33, 35, 54Austrian-Hungarian foreign policy and,

162bankruptcy for, 105–6coexistence in, 158colonization of, 17, 20–21Constitutional Union for, 118–19cultural losses of, 75Czech/German languages in, 117, 126,

130, 137, 149, 156diet elections for, 119, 121, 153–54economy of, 74, 86, 87–88educational reform in, 89–90elected government for, 117, 154temergence of, xv–xvi, 14, 15equality of Czechs/Germans in, 116–17Estate rule of, 56–57famine in, 88feudal system in, 17–18, 38Franciscans in, 25German Confederation for, 97German/Czech zones in, 139, 204Germans in, 114–15, 116, 137, 140, 145,

146gothic architecture in, 25, 33, 35, 54governance of, 126, 132, 135gubernia (royal offices) for, 87, 91, 103,

104, 126Habsburg monarchy and, 78–79, 83Humanism in, 63image of, 3industrialization for, 139–45, 349n22influences on, 15infrastructure of, 155Jesuit control by, 75–76Jewish expulsion from, 90Jews in, xvii, 24–25, 38, 56, 91, 107, 157,

200, 207, 210–11, 215Joseph II’s control of, 91knightly culture in, 25land diet for, 57, 104, 117, 126, 128–29,

132, 135, 137land reform for, 119, 221landlord/peasant relationship in, 88, 91,

107–8literature of, 29

PAGE 417

manufacturing in, 106middle class of, 107, 115, 139, 140–41National Committee for, 118national renascence in, 98, 111–12natural resources of, 21nobility in, 17–18, 30–31, 42, 58–59, 116,

129origin of, 7–8pluralistic political life of, 154political structure of, 29Poor Clares in, 25population of, 72, 88, 106, 145, 155–56primogeniture in, 19reformation in, 39–40, 88Reichstag elections in, 121relationship between Moravia and, 16religious division of, 56Renaissance in, 63Rescript of April 8, 1848 for, 117–18revolution of, 121social structure of, 141–45status of, under Francis I, 96tabory (gatherings) in, 135Thirty Years’ War impact on, 72–75town structure of, 38, 50trade in, 13–14, 37, 153transportation in, 107unification with Germany by, 118Union of Germans from Bohemia, Mora-

via, and Silesia for the Preservation oftheir Nationality and, 118

union with Germany by, 118White Mountain impact on, 75workers’ movement in, 142–43. See also

Czech cultureBohemian Chamber, 73Bohemian Confession, 63, 65, 91Bohemian Court Chancellery, 73Bohemian Estates

decennial recess of taxation by, 86–87discontent of, 105power of, 91, 104–5rights of, 105rule/rebellion by, 56–57, 66–67, 71, 83treason of, 84

Bohemian Forest, 4Bohemian Germans, 114–15, 116, 137, 140,

145, 146Bohemian-Moravian Plateau, 4Bohemian-Palatinate War, 68. See also Thirty

Years’ War

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418 Index

Bohemian Rebellion, xvithe Boii, 7Boleslav I, 13, 331Boleslav II, 14, 16, 24Bolesław I, the Brave, 14Bolzano, Bernard, 109, 110Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon. See Napoleon IIIBonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleonbook-burning, 41. See also censorshipBorita of Martinice, Vaclav, 66Borivoj, 10, 11, 12Bosnia, 137, 160Bourbon dynasty, 97Boy Scouts, 210, 270Brahe, Tycho de, 63, 64Brandenburg, 33Brandenburgers, 22Bratislava, 176, 352n7Brauner, 115, 119Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 169Bretislav, Jindrich, 17Bretislav I, 16Brevnov, Benedictine monastery of, 14, 91Brezhnev, Leonid I., 252, 257–59, 264, 273,

275Brezhnev Doctrine, 281–82British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 236Broad Coalition, 188, 191Brod, Max, 158Bronze Age, 7Bug River, 13Bukovina, 85Bulgaria, Christianity in, 11Bureau for the Direction of Party Work in the

Czech Lands, 268Byzantine Empire, 8–9, 23

Caesar Augustus, 9Calfa, Marian, 290, 293Calvinism

Frederick of the Palatinate for, 66–67impact of, 61Joseph II’s toleration for, 91, 92Unity of Brethren and, 61

cameralists, 87Treaty of Campo Formio, 95Capek, Karel, 187Duke of Carinthia, 21Carniola, 21Carnogursky, Jan, 290, 295, 303, 371n50

PAGE 418

Carolingian tradition, 10, 33Carolus. See CharlemagneCarpathian Mountains, 8Carrati, Francesco, 77Cas (Time) (journal), 143, 159the Castle, 182, 205, 264, 288, 308castle/fort as power center, 13, 16Cathedral of St. John the Divine, xvCatherine II of Russia, 86Catholic parties, 153Cechoslav (journal), 114CEFTA. See Central Europe Free Trade

AgreementCelakovsky, Frantisek Ladislav, 112Celts, 7Cenek of Vartenberk, 46censorship

book-burning as, 41elimination of, 244–45, 253, 289of literature, 77, 97Main Administration of Press Supervision

for, 236media control under, 266, 269, 288Moscow Protocol for, 265of newspapers, 99, 114, 115–16, 124, 164,

230, 236, 244, 269police directorates for, 104regulations for, 97, 259during World War I, 165

Center for Coupon Privatization, 312Central Action Committee, 230, 289Central Committee of Home Resistance

(UVOD), xxvi, 211, 223Central Europe, concept of, 3Central Europe Free Trade Agreement

(CEFTA), 298Central National Revolutionary Committee

(UNRV), xxvi, 211, 214Central Trade-Unions Council (URO), xxvi,

223, 262Cernık, 259, 262–67, 272Cesarini, Cardinal, 47, 49Ceska expedice (Czech Expedition), 98Ceska otazka (The Czech Question) (Ma-

saryk), 147–48Ceska vcela (Czech Bee, newspaper literary

supplement), 114Ceske myslenky (Czech Thought) (Kaizl),

148Ceske slovo (Czech Word) (newspaper), 159

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Index 419

chamberlain, 21, 35Chamberlain, Neville, 3, 198, 204, 220Chambers of Commerce and Industry, 127Charlemagne, 9, 10, 32, 33, 334n17Charles Albert of Bavaria, King of Bohemia,

84Charles Albert of Savoy, 116Charles College, 35Charles-Ferdinand university, 76, 137, 139,

211, 267Charles IV, xvi, 32, 33, 34, 36–37, 40Charles of Habsburg, 166, 168, 172, 189Charles of Luxemburg, 31Charles University, 35, 211, 267. See also

Charles IVCharles V, 61–62Charles VI (1711–1740), 78–79, 87Charles VII, 84Charles X of France, 103Charter 77, 279–81, 285Chelcicky, Petr, 53Chervonenko, Konstantin, 264, 282battle of Chlumec, 16, 23Chod rebellion, 74–75Chotek, Karl, 104Christian-Democratic Movement (KDH),

xxiv, 295Christian-Democratic Union (KDU), xxiv,

295, 312Christian IV, 69Christian Socialist Party, 148, 151, 181, 196Christianity

Bulgaria and, 11Byzantine Empire and, 9Holy Alliance for, 103Hussite vision of, xviliterature of, 24organization of, 9popes for, 9spread of, 13survival under, 23as unifying agent, 12–13

Christmas Agreement of 1943, 217Churchill, Winston, 220Chvalkovsky, Frantisek, 187, 206, 207Cisleithania, 130–31, 135–36, 145, 146,

149, 153Cistercians, 17, 40, 76Civic Club, 115Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA), xxv, 295,

312

PAGE 419

Civic Democratic Party (ODS), xxv, 295,304, 308, 312, 313

Civic Forum (OF), xxv, 287, 289–90,293–95

Civic Movement (OH), xxv, 295civil code of 1811, 108CKD. See Czech-Moravian-Kolben-Danek

enterpriseClam-Martinic, Jindrich Jaroslav, 128, 135,

138, 167Clemenceau, Georges, 168Clement VI, 32, 36Clement VII, 36Clementinum, 64, 76Clementis, Vladimır, 239–40clergy

anti-Semitism of, 157first estate of, 70investiture of, 19nobles unified with, 22politicization of, 151power of, 72

Club 231 (K231), xxi, 266Club of Engaged Nonpartisans (KAN), xxiv,

266CMEA. See Council for Mutual Economic

AssistanceCNR. See Czech National Councilcoexistence, 295Cold War, xv, 234collaborators, 166, 208, 210, 221, 224Comecon. See Council for Mutual Economic

AssistanceComenius. See Komensky, Jan AmosCominform. See Communist Information Bu-

reauComintern, 184, 194, 228Committee for the Defense of the Republic,

205Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly

Persecuted (VONS), xxviCommittee for the Scientific Development of

the Czech Language and Literature, 113communism

collapse of, 284downfall of, xv, 283political parties for, 184–85, 194. See also

Gorbachev, Mikhail; perestroika/glas-nost

Communist Information Bureau, 228

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420 Index

Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia(KSCM), xxv, 295, 313

Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC),xxv, 181, 207, 211, 215, 220, 223, 224,225, 229–30, 234, 251, 266, 273–76,288, 361n10

Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS), xxv,211, 223, 225, 239, 266

Compactata, 50, 51, 52, 59–61, 62Compacts of Basel. See CompactataCompromise of 1867, 87concentration camps, 212, 214–15conciliar movement, 42, 44, 49Concordat of 1855, 126Congress of Berlin (1878), 137Congress of Oppressed Nationalities, 169Congress of Vienna, 97, 102Conrad III, 17Consolidation Agency, 318Consolidation Bank (KoB), xxiv, 318. See

also Consolidation AgencyConstantine, 11, 24Constituent National Assembly, 226Constitutional Union, 118–19construction, 109–10, 158–59Continental System, 96, 105Convention of Westminster, 84Corruption Perceptions Index, 319–20Corvinus, Matthias, 52Cosmas of Prague, 9, 12, 24, 30cotton, 106Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

(CMEA or Comecon), 241, 277, 282,298, 330

Council for Non-Governmental Organiza-tions, 323

Council of Ambassadors, 177Council of Basil, 44, 52Council of Constance, 39, 42, 43–44Council of Europe, 298, 324Council of Pisa, 38, 41–42Council of Ten, 177Council of Three, 215Counter-Reformation, 71coupon privatization, 296, 308, 312, 314CPSU, 275–76Crimean War (1854), 127–28Crown of St. Vaclav

Corvinus claim to, 52lands of, 3, 53, 57, 79, 85return of, 133, 135

PAGE 420

Crown of St. Wenceslas. See Crown of St.Vaclav

Crusaders of the Red Star, 25crusades, 21, 47–48CSAV. See Czechoslovak Academy of Sci-

encesCSD. See Czechoslovak Social DemocracyCSFR. See Czech and Slovak Federative Re-

publicCSFR, xviiCSL. See Czech People’s PartyCSM. See Czechoslovak Youth LeagueCSNS. See Czechoslovak National Socialist

PartyCSSD. See Czech Social Democratic PartyCSSR. See Czechoslovak Socialist RepublicCTK Czech Press Agency, xxiCuban crisis, 249cuius regio, eius religio (whose the rule, his

the religion), 71currency, 15, 21, 183, 191, 242–43, 314,

348n9Cyril. See ConstantineCyrilo-Methodian mission, 307Czech, Ludwig, 193Czech Agrarian Party, 151, 152Czech and Slovak Federative Republic

(CSFR), xxiii, 300–306, 321Czech Committee Abroad. See Czechoslovak

National CouncilCzech Communist Party of Czechoslovakia,

185Czech culture

Catholic oversight over, 126Czech Modernists for, 158equality of, 154gray years of, 279–81growth of literature for, 98–100Hlahol choral union for, 132linguocentrism of, 100Matice ceska for, 111Sokol gymnastic organization for, 132,

165, 182, 210, 236, 243, 270stability v., 108theater for, 98, 132, 135, 143, 159Umelecka beseda (Artists’ Club) for, 132

Czech Druzina (Czech military units), 166,167

Czech languageCommittee for the Scientific Development

of the Czech Language and Literatureand, 113

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Czech ball for, 115early use of, 35equality of, with German, 117, 137, 156interest in, 93Matice ceska for, 113poetry in, 113–14pronunciation of, xxvii–xxviiiRukopis kralovedvorsky/zelenohorsky for,

113Czech Modernists, 158Czech-Moravian-Kolben-Danek enterprise

(CKD), xxiii, 264, 289Czech movement, 112–14, 132Czech National Bank, 315Czech National Council (CNR), xxiii, 222,

223, 302Czech National Museum, xxi, 104, 159Czech national renascence

enlightened absolutism effect on, 98Enlightenment effect on, 98nobility for, 99–100Nostitz-Rieneck for, 98origin of, 98, 110, 111–12traditions of, 308

Czech National Socialist Party (CSNS), xxiv,148–49, 150, 181, 225

Czech patriotismUnion for the Promotion of Industry, 115

Czech People’s Party (CSL), xxiv, 150, 218,295, 312

Czech Progressive Party, 150Czech Realist party, 143Czech Repeal, 117Czech Republic

anti-Semitism in, 322corruption in, 319Council for Non-Governmental Organiza-

tions and, 323Council of Europe for, 324currency of, 15, 183, 191, 314, 348n9Czech Roma in, xvii, 320–22democracy in, 198discrimination in, 320–23economic status of church in, 310economy of, 308–9, 309t, 313–19, 318temergence of, xvi, 307European Union and, xx, 298, 319,

326–31foreign investment in, 318–19government for, 309–12, 316–17

PAGE 421

industrial revitalization for, 317–18location of, 4, 34, 60, 161lustration law for, 299–300, 311, 320neo-Nazi ideology and, 322North Atlantic Treaty Organization and,

324, 326Organization for Security and Cooperation

in Europe and, 324Public Rights Protector for, 323Slovakia and, xviitoleration of, 207United Nations membership for, 324

Czech Roma, xvii, 320–22Czech-Slovak relations, 300–306Czech Social Democratic Party (CSSD), xxiii,

150, 181, 184, 295, 312, 313Czech State Right Democracy, 168Czech Union, National Committee for, 165,

167, 170Czecho-Slovkia, appeasement by, 207Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (CSAV),

xxiv, 238, 262, 267, 271, 277–78Czechoslovak as official state language, 180Czechoslovak Federative Republic (CSFR),

xviCzechoslovak Independent Armored Brigade,

219Czechoslovak Italian Legion, 175Czechoslovak Legion, 169Czechoslovak National Committee, 219Czechoslovak National Council, 166, 167,

170, 270Czechoslovak National Socialist Party

(CSNS), xxiv, 186Czechoslovak People’s Army, 262, 289,

364n2Czechoslovak People’s Party (CSL), xxivCzechoslovak-Polish federation, 221Czechoslovak Radio and Television, 262,

263–64, 266, 277Czechoslovak Social Democracy (CSD), xxiv,

225Czechoslovak Socialist Party, 168, 186, 289.

See also Czechoslovak National SocialistParty (CSNS)

Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (CSSR),xxiii, 247, 279, 301

Czechoslovak-Soviet alliance, 228Czechoslovak Union, 163Czechoslovak Union of Journalists, 262

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422 Index

Czechoslovak Writers’ Union, 238, 244–45,251

Czechoslovak Youth League (CSM), xxiv,244, 270

Czechoslovakiaagricultural collectivization in, 241amnesty in, 225, 249anti-Semitism in, 151, 157, 200, 207, 239borders for, 177boundaries of, 179boycott by, 136carp farms in, 6Communist control of, 234–39, 361n10concessions to Germany by, 204constitution for, 175, 178, 180, 305–6,

353n15currency of, 15, 21, 183, 191, 242–43,

348n9de-Stalinization in, 245–47democracy for, xviidestruction of, xvi, 203division of, xviiecology of, 6economic indicators in, 297economic reform in, 295–98economy of, 238, 243, 249–50, 272, 276elections in, 293emigration from, 272energy sources of, 6exile movement for, 206, 208, 211, 220Five-Year Plan for, 241, 242foreign policy for, 298Fundamental Articles for, 135–36German Reich control of, 208government in exile for, 206, 208, 211,

220Great Depression in, 190–95Great Retribution Decree for, 224, 360n51Habsburg empire as, xviiHoly Roman Empire and, 118human presence in, 6–7independence for, 170industrial nationalization in, 223–24, 227,

240–41isolation of, 197, 228Jews in, xvii, 24–25, 38, 56, 91, 107, 157,

200, 207, 210–11, 215land reform in, 183–84, 221liberation of, 203, 221loss of Ruthenia by, 222

PAGE 422

martial law in, 212May Crisis for, 197as a metaphorical bridge, 3minorities protection by, 178, 195, 198mobilization of, 205moderation of, 3Munich decision for, 206National Court in, 216National Party for, 132–33natural resources of, 4–6Nazis in, xvi, 195New Course for, 243–44nonviolent protest in, 260–63normalization for, 262–69, 270, 275, 308occupation of, by Germany, 203, 208Old Czechs v. Young Czechs in, 132–33,

136, 139, 146–47Operation Danube for, 260oppression of Germans in, 199origin of, xviperserverance of, 214political coalitions in, 180population of, 214–15, 224population transfer from, 220, 222, 224postwar depression in, 185postwar election in, 225–26, 226tpreferred form of state for, 303tprestavba for, 278as Protectorate citizens, 210proximity to Germany of, 220–21purge trials in, 239–40, 243–44, 248–49reconstruction of, 222–23Reich Protector for, 208rejection of Marshall Plan by, 228, 360n55resistance by, 211, 212, 215retaliation by, 214sacrifice of, by England, 204Soviet advisors in, 239Soviet bloc and, xvi, 227, 233Soviet Union guarantee to, 220–21stabilization of, 182–83, 225standard of living in, 243, 247–49submission of, to Central European power,

203surrender of frontier regions to Germany

by, 205Third Five-Year Plan for, 247, 249tourism in, 3Velvet Divorce for, xviWarsaw Pact invasion of, 260–64, 285,

290, 364n10

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Index 423

wing of Austrian Social-Democracy for,142

workplace reform for, 184–85Zionism in, 200

CzechsAusgleich for, 133, 135religious liberty for, 117Samo’s empire as forerunner of, 10,

334n14self-image of, xvi, 116tribal grouping of, 10

Czernin, Ottokar, 166–67, 168–69

Daladier, French premier, 205Daluege, Kurt, 210, 214Danish War, 68. See also Thirty Years’ WarDanube River, 4De ecclesia (Hus), 42de Gaulle, Charles, 220de-Stalinization, 245–47, 249, 275–76Deak, Ferenc, 129–30December Constitution of 1867, 131Declaration of Pillnitz, 95Decree of Kutna Hora, 41Defenestration of Prague, 44, 66Delnicke listy (Workers’ News), 142Democratic Party (DS), xxiv, 225Denmark, 69, 71Derer, Ivan, 192devotio moderna (new devotion), 40Deym, Friedrich, 105Dienstbier, Jirı, 290, 292, 295Dientzenhofer, Christoph, 77Dientzenhofer, Kilian Ignaz, 77diet

in Bohemia, 56–57, 118in Breslau, 46confederation of Estates by, 66–67, 71Hussite commission for, 48social order for, 56taxation by, 57

Dniepr River, 8DNP. See German National PartyDNSAP. See German National Socialist

Worker’s PartyDobrovsky, Josef, 100, 112, 143Domazlice agreement, 30, 31Drahomıra, 12treaty of Dresden, 84Drich, Josef, 166

PAGE 423

Drtina, Prokop, 229DS. See Democratic PartyDual Alliance of 1879, 137, 149Dubcek, Alexander, 249–52, 256, 257, 259,

261, 262–70, 272, 276, 289, 292DV. See Office for the Documentation and In-

vestigation of the Crimes of CommunismDzr, Martin, 364n2

East Franks, 11, 12Ebert, Karl Egon, 118economic reform

coupon privatization for, 296, 308, 312,314

investment funds for, 296privatization of industry for, 295–97,

374n47restitution for, 296–97

Edice petlice. See Padlock EditionsEdict of Restitution, 69, 70education

church influence on, 108of clergy, 91Czech language for, 100, 112Czech national renascence and, 98, 110,

111–12, 156–57economic importance of, 66equality of, 131General School Ordinance for, 89in German, 109, 126gymnasium for, 63illiteracy and, 157, 349n28by Jesuits, 62, 64, 69particular schools for, 35, 63reform of, 89–90, 127

Edward III, 32Elbe River, 4, 8Eleventh Party Congress, 246–47Eleventh Sokol Congress, 236, 243Elias, Alois, 208, 212, 219Elizabeth, Russian Empress, 85Elliott School of International Affairs, xxEmpire style, 109England

appeasement by, 203, 204Bohemian Estates appeal to, 66Convention of Westminster by, 84Czech regiments in, 219French negotiations with, 79navigators from, 55

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424 Index

enlightened absolutism, 86–93Enlightenment

end of Austrian period of, 97, 102Estate requests as reflection of, 93Jesuits against, 98scientific method of, 86

Epiphany Declaration, 170Erlach, Johann Bernhard Fischer von, 77archbishopric of Esztergom, 14Ethnographic Exhibition (1895), 162–63Eugene of Savoy, 78, 80Europe

economic/political shift of, 55Thirty Years’ War for, 67–71

European Convention on Human Rights, 325European Court of Human Rights, 325European Recovery Program, 227, 228European Union

entrance into, xx, 298, 319, 326–31institutions of, xvii

Export-Import Bank, 227Extraordinary Fourteenth Party Congress,

264, 265, 266Extraordinary People’s Courts, 224

famine, 88Father Cech, 12. See also SlovakiaFebruary Patent, 128–29, 130Federal Assembly, 268, 290, 301–2, 370n43federalism, 128, 130, 133, 267, 300federation, concept of, 302Felbiger, Johann Andreas, 89Ferdinand II, 66, 69, 70, 71Ferdinand III, 71Ferdinand V of Czechoslovakia, 104Ferndinand I (1835–1848), 57, 59, 61, 104,

119, 122A Few Sentences, 285Fierlinger, Zdenek, 222, 225, 229First Coalition War, 95First Crusade, 24–25First Czechoslovak Army Group, 220First Independent Czechoslovak Regiment,

219First Republic, 233, 278First Vienna Award of November 2, 1938,

206Five Laws of Socialist Economics, 278Forced Labor Camp (TNP), xxv, 238Fourteen Points, 170

PAGE 424

Fourth Plan, 197–98France

alliance system of, 189appeasement by, 203Austrian domination by, 96betrayal of Czechoslovakia by, 204Bohemian Estates appeal to, 66Bourbon dynasty in, 97Continental System by, 96Czech regiments in, 219English negotiations with, 79fall of Paris in, 212fear of Germany by, 162Hundred Days for, 97Louis XIV conflicts for, 68navigators from, 55Prussian defeat by, 96republic in, 116revolution in, 93, 116treaty of Schonbrunn for, 96Second Empire for, 116subordination of allies by, 96Thirty Years’ War for, 68, 71Battle of Waterloo and, 97

Francis Ferdinand, 163Francis I. See Francis IIFrancis II (1792–1835)

anti-French coalitions by, 95declaration of war on, by French Constit-

uent Assembly, 95dislike of change by, 108Emperor of Austria as Francis I, 96French Revolution views by, 93as Holy Roman Emperor, 96reform under, 102, 103Russian-Austrian cooperation under, 103,

124–25Francis Joseph (1848–1916)

death of, 165, 166declaration of war by, 161as Emperor of Austria and King of Hun-

gary, 130–31legislation of, 153neoabsolutism by, 126reign of, xx, 122, 124, 125viribus unitis slogan for, 124withdrawal of the Ausgleich by, 136

Francis Stephen of Lorraine, 80, 84, 87Franciscans, 25Franco-Swedish War, 68. See also Thirty

Years’ War

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Index 425

Franconia, 12, 47Frank, Karl Hermann, 210, 211, 213, 214,

215–16Frankfurt Parliament, 117, 118–19Franks, kingdom of, 10, 12Frantisek Palacky. See Franz KafkaFranz Joseph. See Francis JosephFranz Kafka, xxFrederick Augustus III of Saxony and Poland,

84Frederick I Barbarossa, 17Frederick II, 19, 21, 69Frederick II of Prussia, 83Frederick of the Palatinate, 66–67Frederick the Great of Prussia, 86Frederick Wilhelm of Prussia, 117Frederick William II of Prussia, 93, 95freedom of assembly, association and peti-

tion, 293freedom of press, 124, 135, 148, 164, 230,

236, 244, 252, 265Freedom Party (SS), xxvFreedom Union (US), xxv, 316Freemasons, 99French Constituent Assembly

declaration of war for Bohemia/Hungaryby, 95

French Revolution, 93, 95, 99Fric, Josef Vaclav, 121Frick, Wilhelm, 210Friedman, Milton, 315Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance, and

Postwar Cooperation, 221Fugner, Jindrich, 132Fulbright-Hays Faculty Research Abroad, xxFundamental Articles, 135–36

Gabcık, Jozef, 212, 214, 358n26Gabcıkovo-Nagymaros dam, 6Galicia

jacquerie of 1846 in, 121Reichstag elections in, 121Russian offensive in, 164

Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, 85Gebauer, Jan, 139, 143George, David Lloyd, 168George Washington University, xxGerman, Markus, xxiGerman Agrarians, 181, 196

PAGE 425

German-Austria, 170, 172German Confederation, 108

Congress of Vienna for, 97German nationalism under, 103, 110unification by, 117

German Front, 151German National Party (DNP), xxiv, 181German National Socialist Worker’s Party

(DNSAP), xxiv, 181, 193German Social Democrats, 181, 184–85Germany

Austrian Anschluss with, 189Bohemian Estates appeal to, 66colonization by, 63Czech refusal of, 116Czech submission to, 13in Czechoslovakia, xviiEast German refugees from, 285economic interests of, 211, 214Frankfurt Parliament in, 117, 118–19French fear of, 162Gestapo for, 212Hitler’s demands upon Czechoslovakia,

204–5Hitler’s rise to power in, 193location of, 3Nazis in, xvi, 193, 194occupation of Czechoslovakia by, 207proximity of Czechoslovakia to, 220–21rearmament of, 193Reichstag elections for, 121social order/militarism of, 113unification of, 117, 130Union of Germans from Bohemia, Mora-

via, and Silesia for the Preservation oftheir Nationality and, 118

Gierek, 273Gleichheit (Equality) (newspaper), 142globalization, reality of, xix–xxGolden Bull, 36Golden Bull of Sicily, 19Golian, Jan, 217, 218Goll, Jaroslav, 139Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 245–46, 257, 258,

269, 273Gorazd, Bishop, 214Gorbachev, Mikhail, 275–76, 277–78, 281–

83, 285Goring, Hermann, 214

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426 Index

Gothic eraarchitecture as, 25, 33, 35, 54Renaissance supersedes, 55Romanticism in celebration of, 102

Gottwald, Klement, 181–82, 207, 211, 220,221, 226, 227, 230–31, 233, 235, 242

Grauner, Frantisek August, 114Great Britain. See EnglandGreat College. See Charles CollegeGreat Depression

Czech economy and, 190–91Czech politics and, 191–95, 199

Great Privilegium of 1222, 19Great Retribution Decree, 224Greater German Reich, 208Grechko, Andrei, 269Gregory VII, 16Gregory XI, 36Gregory XII, 41Gregr, Eduard, 133, 139Gregr, Julius, 129, 133Grenzboten (newspaper), 115grossdeutsch solution (Great German), 117,

122gubernia (royal offices), 87, 91, 103, 104,

126Guta of Habsburg, 23gymnasium (school for humanities), 63gypsies. See Czech Roma

Haba family, xxiHabrman, Gustav, 168Habsburg empire

Bohemian contributions to, 78Cisleithania as, 130–31, 135–36, 145civil code for, 108collapse of, xvicollapse of monarchy in, 130, 146consolidation of, 61, 72Czech achievements under, 175Czech national renascence under, 98,

111–12Czechoslovakia as, xviiDecember Constitution of 1867 for, 131Declaration of Pillnitz for, 95defeat of, by Napoleon, 95Defenestration of Prague for, 44, 66emergence of, 22end of Holy Roman Empire under, 95–96,

172

PAGE 426

European conflicts for, 59federalism for, 128, 130Ferdinand I rule over, 59, 61–62finances of, 87Francis II as monarch of, 95–97French-Russian coalition with, 85French efforts and, 70Fundamental Articles for, 135–36under German control, 168–69industrialization in, 139–45, 349n22infrastructure of, 127integration of, 68king of, as Holy Roman Emperor, 56Land Diet within, 57, 104, 117, 126, 128–

29, 132Maximilian I for, 33, 59possessions of, 60reforms of, 75, 86–90Renewed Land Ordinance for, 69–70rise of, 56–57Seven Years’ War for, 85Thirty Years’ War for, 68–71Turkish conflict with, 68, 78, 86war between Hungary and, 122

Habsburg-Lorraine house, 80Habsburg Revolution of 1848, 102, 117–18,

124Hacha, Emil, 207, 208, 213, 215Hadrian II, 11Hager, Kurt, 258Haider, Jorg, 328, 329Hajek, 266Hajn, Alois, 150Halifax, Lord, 197Hanka, Vaclav. See Rukopis kralovedvorsky/

zelenohorskyHartmann, 118Hasek, Jaroslav, 158, 233Haugwitz, Friedrich Wilhelm, 84, 86–87Havel, Vaclav, xv, 270, 276, 279, 285, 291,

292, 294, 298–99, 304–5, 308, 311Havlıcek, Karel, 115, 116, 124, 125–26Havranek, Jan, xx–xxihealth spas, 110Helsinki Final Act, 279Helvetian confession, 91Henlein, Konrad, 193, 195, 196Henry I (the Fowler), 12–13Henry III, 16Henry IV, 16

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Index 427

Henry of Carinthia, 29–30Henry VII, 30Herben, Jan, 143Herbst, Eduard, 151Hercegovina, administration of, 137Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 112heresy, 39, 42–43, 46, 52, 59Herold, Josef, 139Heydrich, Reinhard, 195, 210, 212, 213Hilsner, Leopold, 157–58Himmler, Heinrich, 195, 212Historical Institute of the Czech Academy of

Sciences, xxi, 267history, interpretation of, xviHitler, Adolf, 193, 196, 204, 205, 217Hlahol choral union, 132Hlas (The Voice) (journal), 162Hlavacka, Milan, xxiHlinka, Andrej, 181, 185Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party (HSL’S), xxiv,

181, 188, 192, 194, 207, 220Hodza, Milan, 181, 186, 194, 195, 197, 205,

218Hohenstaufen-Welf conflicts, 18–19Hohenstaufens, 17, 18–19, 20Hohenwart, Karl Sigmund, 135, 136, 137Holland. See NetherlandsHoly Alliance (1815), 103Holy Communion, 43. See also Roman Ca-

tholicismHoly Roman Emperor, 56, 61. See also Habs-

burg empireHoly Roman Empire

Czech ties with, 118end of, 95–96. See also German Confeder-

ationHonecker, Erich, 273, 286Hoover Institution Press, xixHorakova, Milada, 239Horthy, Miklos, 178Hospodine, pomiluj ny (Czech hymn), 24,

307House, Court, and State Archive, xxibishopric of Hradec Kralove, 76HRM. See Movement of Revolutionary

YouthHrubın, Frantisek, 245HSL’S. See Hlinka’s Slovak People’s PartyHuman Rights Committee, 325Humanism in Bohemia, 63

PAGE 427

humanist thought, 54humanists, Italian, 35humanitarian democracy, 198. See also Ma-

saryk, Tomas GarrigueHungarian Soviet Republic, 176–77Hungary

Austrian conquest of, 123concessions by, 178Czech influence by, 15–16dualism of Austria and, 87, 168East German refugees from, 285Francis Joseph as king of, 130independence of, 125Jelacic invasion of, 122Kingdom of, 117Lawful Revolution by, 122liberation of, 78Ottoman invasion of, 59population transfer for, 224rebellion in, 246revisionism in, 301Russian intervention in, 124–25Slovak fear of, 217Turkish control of, 78Vladislav II as king of, 56–57

Huns, 8Hus of Bohemia, Jan, 39, 41–43, 165, 166,

186, 187, 238. See also Hussite Refor-mation

Husak, Gustav, 217, 229, 239–40, 249, 266,268, 271, 272–75, 287, 292, 308

Hussite Reformation, xvi, 39, 41–44, 330Articles of Prague for, 45, 47–48, 50Calvinism influence on, 61Lutheran influence on, 61Orphans for, 46–47Praguers for, 46–47social order under, 56Taborites for, 45, 46–47warfare during, 46–47. See also Roman

CatholicismHZDS. See Movement for a Democratic Slo-

vakia

IMF. See International Monetary FundImperial Diploma of October 20, 1860. See

October DiplomaIndra, Alois, 255indulgences, sale of, 40, 41–42. See also

Roman Catholicism

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428 Index

industrialization, 139–45, 185, 190–91,223–24, 349n22

industrynationalization of, 223–24, 227, 240–41privatization of, 295–97, 374n47

Ingr, Sergej, 219Institute for Documentation and Investiga-

tion of the Crimes of Communism(UDV), xxv

Institute for Economic Forecasting, 277Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian

Studies, xxinterdicts, 42International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development, 298International Monetary Fund, 298International Research and Exchanges Board,

xxInternational Students’ Day, 286, 368n5investment funds, 296Irish Franciscans, 76Iron Age, 7Iron Ring of the Right, 137, 138Italian humanism, 55Italy, 10

Congress of Oppressed Nationalities in,169

loss of Lombardy/Venetia by, 97, 117, 125unification of, 116, 128, 130

ius teutonicum (German or emphyteutic law),20

Zivnobanka. See Tradesmen’s Bank for Bohe-mia and Moravia

Jachymov. See JoachimsthalJachymov, mines of, 61Jacobin conspiracy, 97, 99jacquerie of 1846, 121Jagiellonian dynasty, 48, 49, 52, 54–56Jakes, Milos, 273, 275, 288, 289Jakoubek of Stribro, 43, 45, 52Jaksch, Wenzel, 220ibn Jakub, Ibrahim, 14James I, 67Jan of Pomuk, 37Jaroslav, 10Jelacic, Josip, 122Jesuits

education by, 62, 64, 69Enlightenment against, 98

PAGE 428

gymnasia by, 64Prague university given to, 69restoration of, 108

Jewish Codex, 217Jews

attacks against, 107, 207in Czechoslovakia, xvii, 200expulsion of, 90extermination of, 211, 215land reform against, 359n37pogroms for, 24–25, 38restitution to, 296–97restrictions on, 91, 210–11in Slovakia, 200, 216–17social order for, 56Statuta Judaeorum for, 25support of, by German liberalism, 157

Jindrich, Jan, 33, 36Jindrich, Vladislav, 17, 22Jirasek, Alois, 39, 158Jirı of Podebrady, 50, 51–52, 53–54Joachimsthal, 4–6John of Luxemburg, 30–31, 32, 36John Paul II, 286John VIII, 11John XXIII, 41–42Joseph I (1705–1711), 78–79Joseph II (1765–1790)

enlightened absolutism of, 90–92as Holy Roman Emperor, 85reforms of, 75, 86, 88, 90–92, 99, 103,

108succession of, 85

Josephinism, 108Jost of Moravia, 37Jubilee Exhibition of 1891, 159Judita bridge, 18, 24, 33, 35Jungmann, Josef, 112, 113JZD. See Unified Agricultural Cooperative

K231. See Club 231Kadar, Janos, 257, 258, 261, 269, 273Kadlec, Karen, xx–xxiKafka, Franz, 158Kaizl, Josef, 143, 147, 148, 152Kaliningrad, 21KAN. See Club of Engaged NonpartisansKarlovy Vary-Plzen-Ceske Budejovice, line

of, 222Treaty of Karlowitz, 78

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Index 429

Karlsbad Program, 197–98Karolyi, Mihaly, 176Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, 84–85Kavan, Jan, 300, 329Kazimir, 51Kde domov muyarj? (Where is my home?,

1843) (Tyl0, 114KDH. See Christian-Democratic MovementKDU. See Christian-Democratic UnionKelly, Mills, xx–xxiKennan, George F., 214, 224Kepler, Johannes, 63, 64KGB, 264Khrushchev, Nikita, 244–45, 249Kilder, Drahomır, 249Kindermann, Ferdinand, 89Kingdom of Bohemia

location/topography of, 4Kinsky, Franz Joseph, 100Kinsky, Vaclav Norbert, 79Kisch, Egon Erwin, 158Klaus, Vaclav, 295, 296, 304–5, 308, 311,

313–14, 329, 331kleindeutsch solution (Small German), 117,

125Klicpera, Vaclav Kliment, 113–14Klofac, Vaclav, 150, 157, 162, 164, 168, 181,

186Klusakova, Ludyaea, xxiKoB. See Consolidation BankKozeny, Viktor, 296Koerber, Ernst von, 152Kohl, Helmuth, 299, 329Kohout, 270Kolder, Drahomır, 255Kollar, Jan, 112Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Franz Anton, 104Komensky, Jan Amos, 75, 289Konigsberg. See KaliningradKonrad Ota II, 18Konrad Ota of Znojmo, 17Korvin, Matyas. See Corvinus, MatthiasKorybut, Sigismund, 48–49Kosice government, 222, 223Kossuth, 125Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 95Kosygin, Alexei, 259, 264–65Kovac, Michal, 305Kozina, Jan Sladky, 74Kralovedvorsky manuscript. See Rukopis

kralovedvorsky/zelenohorsky

PAGE 429

Kramar, Karel, 143, 147, 149, 152, 162, 165,166, 168, 171–72, 181–82

Kramerius, Vaclav Matej, 98Krasnicky family, xxiKrcın, Jakub, 6Kreditnı Banka Plzen, 313Krejcı, Jaroslav, 208Kremsier Reichstag, 122–23, 124Kriegel, Frantisek, 262–63, 265Krofta, Kamil, 195, 204, 206Kronika Boleslavska (Czech chronicle), 30KSC. See Communist Party of Czechoslo-

vakiaKSCM. See Communist Party of Bohemia

and MoraviaKSS. See Communist Party of Slovakia‘‘Ktoz su bozı bojovnıci’’ (All ye warriors of

God), 47Kubis, Jan, 212, 214, 358n26Kubisova, Marta, 289Kun, Bela, 176–77Kundera, Milan, 3, 251Kunhuta, 19, 22Kuranda, Ignatz, 118Kusy, Miroslav, 290Kutna Hora. See KuttenbergKuttenberg, 4–6, 21, 46, 52–54, 58Kvety (Blossoms) (journal), 114

Labe River. See Elbe RiverLacina, Vladimır, xxiLada automobile, import of, 276Ladislav Posthumous, 51land

church ownership of, 90, 183confiscation of, 69, 183, 225private ownership of, 18Raabization of, 89social order and, 56

Land Court, 22, 51, 57, 73. See also nobilityLand Diet, 57, 104, 117, 126, 128–29Land Registers, 57landfryd (territorial peace), 38, 51language

Czech as, 130, 137, 180Czech v. German, 77, 85, 93, 98, 100, 109,

111–12, 117, 156German in Bohemia as, 114–15, 137

Lansing, Robert, 169Laterna magica (Magic Lantern), 288

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430 Index

Latins, xvii, 3Law 231, 238League of Nations, 178, 189, 190, 193, 204Learned Club, 99Legend of St. Vaclav, 24Lenart, Jozef, 250, 290Lenin, Vladimir, 184Leo XIII, 151Leopold, bishop of Passau, 65Leopold I, 74, 78Leopold II (1790–1792)

death of, 93as king of Bohemia, 93, 100, 159police system by, 97policies of, 88, 103

Lessons from the Crisis Development in theParty and Society after the ThirteenthCongress of the KSC, 273, 274, 282

Letter of Majesty, 65, 70Lettrich, Jozef, 217, 225, 229Libuse, 12, 83Lidice, destruction of, 212, 358n27Lidove noviny (newspaper), 147Life of St. Methodius, 11Linda, Vaclav, 113. See also Rukopis kra-

lovedvorsky/zelenohorskyLipno dam, 6Literarnı noviny (Literary News), 251literature

Committee for the Scientific Developmentof the Czech Language and Literatureand, 113

growth of, 98Matice ceska and, 113Prague’s cultural scene in, 158prose/poetry for, 113–14

bishopric of Litomerice, 76the Little Entente, 189–90, 193Lizner, Jaroslav, 312Lizner Affair, 312Locarno Treaties, 190Lohner, Ludwig von, 118Louis (Ludvık), 58–59Louis the German, 10Louis XIV, 68, 95Louis XV of France, 84Louis XVI, 85treaty at Lubeck, 69Ludwig, Archduke, 104Ludwig of Bavaria, 30, 31, 32

PAGE 430

Lueger, Karl, 151Lumır (journal), 143treaty of Luneville, 95Lurago, Carlo, 77Lusatia, Lower/Upper, 33, 47, 52, 56lustration law, 299–300, 311Lutheran Augsburg confession, 63, 91Lutheran National Party, 192Lutheran Reformation, 53, 58–59, 63Lutheranism

Bohemian Confession for, 62–63, 91Joseph II’s toleration for, 91, 92Letter of Majesty for, 65, 70spread of, 56

Luxemburg, 33Luxemburg family, 29–33, 38, 42Luza, Vojtech, 215

Ma vlast (Smetana), 4Macha, Karel Hynek, 114Maffie, 166the Magyars, 11–12, 13, 221Maiestas Carolina (laws), 35Main Administration of Press Supervision,

236, 253Maj (May, 1836) (Macha), 114Maleckova, Jitka, xx–xxiMaly (the Small), 46–47Manes, Josef, 132Mannerism, 65Margrave of Moravia, 17, 31, 46, 51. See

also Charles of Luxemburg; Jindrich, Vlad-islav

Maria Theresadeath of, 90marriage of, 80reform of taxation by, 86–87reforms of, 75, 86–90religious toleration of, 90War of the Austrian Succession and, 84.

See also Habsburg empireMarie Antoinette, 85Marie Louise, marriage between Napoleon

and, 96Marketa of Valois, 31Marshall, George C., 227Marshall Plan, 227Martin Agreement of 1918, 188Martin V, 43, 49Marxism-Leninism, 244, 271, 290

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Index 431

Masaryk, Jan, 226–28, 229–30, 233, 360n55Masaryk, Tomas Garrigue, xv, xvi, 139, 143,

144, 147, 150, 157, 162, 166, 187as Czech president, 171–72, 175, 181, 185,

187, 294death of, 197policies of, 182, 193, 202, 219vision by, xvi, 331

Masonic lodge. See FreemasonsMass of Brotherhood, 121master of mint, 21, 35Matej of Janov, 40Matica slovenska (cultural foundation), 192Matice ceska (literary foundation), 111, 113Matthias, Archduke, 65–66Matthias of Arras, 33Maximilian I/II, 33, 59, 62May Conspiracy, 125May Crisis, 197May Day Parade, 237, 259Meciar, Vladimir, 295, 302–4, 305Meissner, 118men of Munich. See Munich ConferenceMetalworkers’ Union, 267–68Methodius, 11, 24Metternich, Klemens Wenzel, 96, 102, 103,

104, 117Meyers, Nancy L., xx–xxiMeyrink, Gustav, 158Michael III, 11Mikulas of Pelhrimov, 45Milıc of Kromerız, Jan, 40Military Center, 217Miller, Petr, 289minnesinger, 25Minorities Treaty, 178Mitrowsky, Anton Friedrich, 104Mitterrand, Francois, 285Mjomır I, 10Mlada fronta (Young Front), 288. See also

Socialist Union of YouthMnacko, Ladislav, 251Mojmır, 10Moldau River. See Vltava RiverMoldavia, 127Mommsen, Theodor, 149monasteries, 53, 91Morava River, 4Moravec, Emanuel, 208, 212Moravia

Czech national renascence in, 111

PAGE 431

Czech university in, 153diet in, 56German Confederation for, 97governance of, 126, 135, 136Hussite reformation in, 42Jewish legal code for, 25Jews in, 200, 210–11, 215land diet within, 132, 136liberation of, 222location of, 4population of, 156relationship between Bohemia and, 15–16Rudolf power in, 22Silesia merger with, 188tribal grouping of, 10Union of Germans from Bohemia, Mora-

via, and Silesia for the Preservation oftheir Nationality and, 118

Moravian Field, 22Moravian Pact, 152–53Moravian People’s Party, 147Moscow Protocol, 265Mount Tabor, 44, 45Movement for a Democratic Slovakia

(HZDS), xxiv, 295, 304Movement of Revolutionary Youth (HRM),

xxiv, 278. See also Revolutionary Social-ist Party

Munich Conference (1938), xv, 3, 203, 205,220, 298

Muscovy, rise of, 56Musician’s Union, 281

Nagy, Imre, 246Napoleon

abdication of, 96–97Hundred Days for, 97invasion of Russia by, 96marriage between Marie Louise and, 96military status of, 95nephew of, 116Battle of Waterloo for, 97. See also France

Napoleon IIIcoup d’etat by, 116Second Empire for, 116, 135Venetia ceded to, 130

Napoleonic wars, 105–6Naprstek, Vojtech, 132Narod (The Nation) (newspaper), 133Narodnı listy (National Paper), 129, 133,

139, 159, 160

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432 Index

Narodnı noviny (National News), 119, 125Nase Slovensko (Our Slovakia, 1907–1910)

(revue), 163Nastup (Step Forward) (journal), 192Nastupists, 192nation-state

Czech national renascence for, 98, 110,111–12

homogeneity of, xviiidea of, xvii

National Assembly, 267. See also Federal As-sembly

National Committee, 118, 182, 210, 212,357n21

National Community, 210, 212, 357n21National Democratic Party, 181, 194, 204National Endowment for the Humanities, xxNational Front (NF), xxv, 194, 220, 221,

223, 225–27, 290National Land Fund, 224–25National League, 194National Liberal Party, 136. See also Young

CzechsNational Library of the Czech Republic, xxiNational Museum Library, xxi, 104, 159National Oath (Jirasek), 170National Party of Labor, 207National Socialists, 157, 182, 223National Theater, 135, 143, 159National Union, 194nationalism

impact of, xvii, 103, 110, 146, 156–57neoabsolutism v., 126

nationalization of industry, 223–24, 227,240–41

NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-tion

navigation, oceanTurkish threat to, 55, 57

Nazi GermanyCzech peril from, 195

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of August1939, 211

Nejedly, Zdenek, 238Nemci, 8, 334n10neo-Nazi ideology, 322Neo-Slavism, 163Neo-Utraquists, 59–61, 62–63, 91neoabsolutism

Czech movement under, 125–26

PAGE 432

nationalism v., 126reform of, 128state bureaucracy for, 126support of, 126

Neolithic Age (New Stone Age), 7Nepomucene, John, 76Netherlands

Bohemian Estates appeal to, 66gain of Belgian provinces by, 97navigators from, 55recognition of, 71

Neue freie Presse (newspaper), 149Neurath, Konstantin von, 208, 210–12New Course, 243–44NF. See National FrontNicholas I of Russia, 103

Austrian military assistance by, 125Austrian ultimatum to, 127–28Hungarian surrender to, 125reign of, 103, 125

Niebelungenlied, 113nobility

in Bohemia, 17–18, 30–31, 42, 58–59,116, 129

church v., 35, 37, 42clergy unity with, 22as cultural patrons, 109Czech national renascence influence on,

98, 110, 111–12income of, 58influence/power of, 17–18, 58–59, 72–73opposition to Leopold II by, 97religious exile for, 71Renaissance architecture for, 64structural reform of, 87support of king by, 31–32taxation of, 121territorial patriotism for, 99–100towns v., 58uprising of, 22

normalization, 262–69, 270, 275, 308North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 324,

326Nostitz, Albert, 119Nostitz-Rieneck, Franz Anton, 98nostrification law, 183Notabene Lingua Workstation, xxiNovomesky, Ladislav, 217, 239–40Novotny, Antonın, 242, 246, 251, 258, 266

October Diploma, 128octroi (imperial decree), 123

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Index 433

ODA. See Civic Democratic AllianceODS. See Civic Democratic PartyOECD, 309OF. See Civic ForumOffice for the Documentation and Investiga-

tion of the Crimes of Communism (DV),311–12

OH. See Civic MovementOld Czech Annals, 56Old Czechs, 132–33, 136–37, 147, 150, 168Old-New Synagogue, 25Old Utraquists, 59–61, 62Olomouc Societas Incognitorum, 99bishopric of Olomouc, 16Omladina (Youth) trial, 147, 148Ondrej, bishop of Prague, 19OPEC oil crisis of 1974, 277Operation Danube, 260–62Opletal, Jan, 211, 284, 286Oranienburg concentration camp, 211Orebites, 45, 46. See also Hussite Reforma-

tionOrganization for Security and Cooperation in

Europe (OSCE), 324Orlicke Hory. See Sudeten MountainsOrlık dam, 6Orphans, 46, 49. See also Hussite Reforma-

tion; Zizka of Trocnov, JanOrthodox Christians, 91Orthodox Church of Sts. Cyril and Method-

ius, 214OSCE. See Organization for Security and Co-

operation in EuropeOstrogoths, 8Osusky, Stefan, 218–19Otakar I, 15, 17, 18–19Otakar II, 21, 22, 25, 34Otava River, 4–6Otto, Jan, 159Otto I, 13, 14Otto III, 14Otto of Brandenburg, 22Ottoman Empire

Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 for, 163Hungarian invasion by, 59Italian aims for, 162loss of Bukovina by, 85

Ottuv slovnık naucny (encyclopedia) (Otto),159

Oul (Beehive), 142

PAGE 433

Pacem in Terris, 281Padlock Editions, 279Palach, Jan, 268, 278, 285Palacky, Frantisek, 105, 118, 119, 120, 125,

129, 132–33, 134, 136, 331Pan-German League, 149Pan-German Party, 151Panek, Jaroslav, xxithe papacy, 9, 31, 32, 42, 44, 49, 53. See also

Avignon; Christianity; Roman CatholicismParis Peace Conference, 176, 177, 198Parler, Peter, 33Partnership for Peace, 325Party of National Unity, 207Party of the Democratic Left (SDL’), xxv, 295Party of Work (SP), xxvTreaty of Passarowitz, 78bishopric of Passau, 10Patriarch Photius, 11patriciate, 20–21Patriotic Museum, 104, 109, 112–13. See

also Czech National MuseumPatriotic Theater, 98patriotism. See Czech national renascencePatton, George, 222Pax Sancti Wenceslai (peace, order, state of

St. Vaclav), 18Peace of Westphalia, 68, 71, 75peasantry

Czech national renascence influence on,98, 110, 111–12

emancipation of, 127exile by, 71labor of, 58nobility relationship with, 88, 91, 107–8,

129poverty of, 77Provincial Peasant’s Union for the King-

dom of Bohemia for, 142, 151rebellion by, 74, 108religious liberty for, 65, 71rights for, 58, 73robota for, 58, 73, 74, 88–89, 92, 108,

117, 119, 121, 127second serfdom for, 73Selske noviny (Peasants’ News) for, 142

Pecka, Josef Boleslav, 142Pekar, Josef, 77People’s Militia, 230, 275, 289People’s Party, 181, 204, 223, 225

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434 Index

perestroika/glasnost, 277–78, 283, 285. Seealso Gorbachev, Mikhail

Peter III, 85the Petka (the Five), 183, 185, 186, 220, 223Petrarca, Francesco, 36PHARE, 328Philip V of Spain, 84Piarists, 76Piasts, 21, 23, 335n31Piedmont, 127–28Pıka, Heliodor, 238, 361n15Pilip, Ivan, 315Piller, Jan, 253, 362n39Pısek bridge, 24Pithart, Petr, 302, 303, 307Pittsburgh Agreement, 185Pius II, 52Pius IX, 116Pius XII, 218plague, 37, 38, 43, 74, 106Plastic People of the Universe, 279Plener, Ernst von, 151Plzen brewery, 106–7Podgorny, Nikolai, 259Podlipska, Sofie, 132pogroms, 24–25, 38. See also JewsPoland

collapse of, 211Czech relations with, 15–16, 189in Czechoslovakia, xviiHitler’s attack on, 217insurrection in, 103partitions of, 85, 95, 97Piasts in, 21, 23, 335n31rejection of Marshall Plan by, 227–28duchy of Tesın and, 177

police, secret. See State Securitypolice directorates, 104, 115Polish October, 246Poor Clares, 25population transfer, 220, 222Portuguese navigators, 55post-Tridentine Catholicism, 65, 76Potocki, Alfred, 135Potsdam Conference, 224Powder Tower, 54Prazak, Alois, 129, 135Praemonstratensians, 17, 76Pragmatic Sanction, 79–80. See also Charles

VI (1711–1740)

PAGE 434

pragocentrism, 302Prague

archbishopric of, 32, 35, 37, 41, 49, 53,62, 66

bishopric of, 14, 40Charles University in, 35, 211, 267Clementinum at, 64, 76Czech/German universities in, 40–41, 64,

137, 157Czech national renascence for, 98, 111–12,

114Defenestration of, 44, 66defense of, 71Franco-Bavarian occupation of, 90inquisition in, 40Lesser Quarter in, 65–66, 71liberation of, 222martial law in, 125, 147, 148, 149–50May Conspiracy for, 125New Town in, 44–45Old-New Synagogue in, 25Old Town in, 18, 33, 38, 44–45, 53, 54reformation in, 40revolution in, 121, 122student uprising in, 114, 211, 358n23tourism in, xvtrade in, 13–14, 37, 153uprising in, 53urban renewal of, 159

Prague Carolinum, 66Prague gros, 21Prague Slav Congress, 119, 345n37Prague Spring, xv, 252–57, 267, 269, 276,

282, 289. See also CzechoslovakiaPrague University

destruction/closure of, 211, 284, 286Hussite reformation at, 43–44isolation of, 64Jesuit control of, 69organization of, 40–41, 137student strike at, 267, 286–90, 287

Praha. See PraguePrazske noviny (newspaper), 114, 115–16Pravda, 282Pravo lidu (The People’s Right) (newspaper),

159Prchala, Lev, 219Premysl, 10, 17, 19–20, 22Premyslid dynasty, xvi, 12, 13, 14, 15, 37,

42, 307

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Index 435

Premyslovna, Eliska, 30Presl, J.S., 113Treaty of Pressburg, 96prestavba, 278Prıbram. See PrzibramPrıhody (Adventures) (Vratislav), 64primogeniture, 19, 29printing press, 54privatization of industry, 295–97, 347n47Procopius, 24Progressive Movement, 147Prokop Holy (the Bald), 46–47, 49Prokop the Great. See Prokop HolyProkupek. See Malyproperty, church, 19, 42, 46, 50, 89Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 207,

208, 210–12, 214–16Protestant Reformation, 56, 59, 69Proti vsem (Against All) (Jirasek), 39Provincial Peasant’s Union for the Kingdom

of Bohemia, 142Provisional National Assembly, 225Prussia

Austria indemnity to, 130Austrian rapprochement with, 93, 95Convention of Westminster by, 84defeat of Germany by, 117French defeat of, 96partition of Poland by, 95Saxony attack by, 85war between Austria and, 130, 135

Przibram, 4–6Pstross, Frantisek, 132Public Against Violence (VPN), xxvi, 288,

290, 293–95Public Rights Protector, 323Office of Public Enlightenment, 212punktace (points), 139, 147, 159purges, 239–40, 243–44, 248–49, 274purkmistr (mayor), 20–21Putin, Vladimir, 329, 331

Quadruple Alliance, 103Quisling. See collaborators

Raab, Hofrat Franz Anton von, 89Raabization, 89Radetzky, Joseph, 116, 122, 125Radical Progressive Party, 150Radio Free Europe, 236

PAGE 435

Radio Moscow, 215Radio Vltava, 262, 364n4Rasın, Alois, 150, 165, 166, 168, 171, 185,

352n3Rasin, Ladislav, 205, 206Treaty of Rastatt, 79Razus, Martin, 192Realism, 143, 147Realist Party. See Czech Progressive PartyRed Army, 217Reformation Commission, 76bishopric of Regensburg, 10, 12, 13Reichsrat, 137, 148–49, 164, 165, 167–68Reinforced Reichsrat, 128, 130Reichstag, 121–22, 128–29, 131Imperial Reichstag, 124Kremsier Reichstag, 124Reicin, Bedrich, 240Rejcka, Eliska, 23Rejsek, Matej, 54religious liberty, 65, 117religious toleration, 53, 90, 91, 92Renaissance

architecture of, 64–65cultural change for, 55Rudolf II and, 63signs of, 54

Renewed Land Ordinance, 69–70, 79Repeal (Czech association), 115Rerum novarum (papal encyclical), 151Rescript of April 8, 1848, 117–18. See also

Austria; Bohemiarestitution, 296–97revisionism, 246–47Revolution of 1848. See Habsburg Revolu-

tion of 1848Revolutionary National Assembly

actions by, 178, 262creation of, 182Czech constitution by, 175, 178, 180,

353n15Revolutionary National Council, 172Revolutionary Socialist Party, 278Revolutionary Trade-Unions Movement

(ROH), xxv, 223, 226, 236, 241, 262,270

Richelieu, Cardinal, 70Ried, Benedikt, 54Rieger, Frantisek Ladislav, 114, 119, 122,

125, 129, 132–33, 134, 136, 138, 139

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436 Index

Riegruv slovnık naucny (encyclopedia)(Rieger), 132

Rilke, Rainer Maria, 158RKZ. See Rukopis kralovedvorsky/zeleno-

horskyrobota (subject labor), 117, 119, 121, 127.

See also peasantryROH. See Revolutionary Trade-Unions

MovementRohac of Duba, Jan, 50–51Rokycana, Jan, 53Roma. See Czech RomaRoman Catholicism

Articles of Prague for, 45, 47–48, 50Avignon popes for, 31, 36, 38Bohemian restoration of, 71, 75–76building style of, 24Communist crackdown on, 239criticism of, 38cultural appeal of, 75curia demands on, 40Edict of Restitution for, 69, 70education under, 62, 64, 69, 108, 131Ferdinand I restoration of, 61Ferdinand of Styria restoration of, 66feudal power of, 19Hussite church within, 44–45Hussites v., 43–44inquisition by, 39–40neoabsolutism support by, 126nobility v., 35, 37, 42Pacem in Terris for, 281People’s Party and, 181political role of, 24, 70power of, 76priests as patriots and, 111property of, 19, 42, 46, 50, 89Rerum novarum for, 151restitution for, 297schools by, 35secularization of, 91state control over, 90, 91, 108support of Slovak independence by, 208Utraquist opposition to, 58worldliness of, 40

Roman Empire, 8, 23Romania, 177Romantic historicist style, 109Romanticism, 102, 110, 113Rome, papacy in, 36

PAGE 436

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 217Rome Protocols, 193Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 205, 220Rostislav, 10–11Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, 100Royal Hungary, 59Ruch (almanac), 143Ruckdeschel, Maxwell, xxiRude pravo (Red Right) (newspaper), 184Rudolf II

abdication of, 65–66acceptance of, 63Letter of Majesty by, 65, 70Mannerism for, 65Renaissance under, 63, 64, 71

Rudolf of Habsburg, 21–22, 22–23. See alsoHabsburg empire

Rukopis kralovedvorsky/zelenohorsky(RKZ), 113, 143

Ruml, Jan, 315, 316Runciman, Walter, 197Russia

Austria as counterbalance to, 118Austria-Hungary methods with, 160Bolshevik revolution in, 169Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by, 169colonization in, 141Czechoslovak Legion in, 169French entente with, 162Hungarian intervention by, 124–25partition of Poland by, 95Revolution of 1905 for, 153as Slavic, 112Treaty of Tilsit for, 96war between Turkey and, 136–37. See also

Soviet UnionRussian Liberation Army, 222Russophilism, 101, 114, 133Ruthenia, xvii, 177, 206, 207, 221, 222

Saar plebiscite, 193Sabina, Karel, 115Safarık, Pavel Josef, 112, 119Treaty of Saint-Germain, 177–78, 180Saint John of Nepomuk, 37bishopric of Salzburg, 10, 21samizdat, 279Samo, 10, 334n14Saxon Ottonian dynasty, 13Saxony, 10, 12, 67

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Index 437

monastery of Sazava, 24Scheiner, Josef, 165Schffle, Albert, 135Schmalkaldic League, 61–62Schmerling, Anton von, 128, 130treaty of Schonbrunn, 96Schonerer, Georg von, 149, 151, 157schools, particular, 35, 63Schulz, Josef, 143Schuselka, Franz, 345n37Schwarzenberg, Felix, 122, 125, 126scientific revolution, 55SDL’. See Party of the Democratic LeftSdP. See Sudeten German PartySecessionist style. See Art NouveauSecond Coalition War, 95Second Empire. See Napoleon IIISecond International, 143Second Republic, 202secret police. See State SecuritySedivy, Prokop, 98Seifert, Jaroslav, 245Seliger, Josef, 352n3Selske noviny (Peasants’ News), 142seniority, principle of, 16Serbia, 161, 163serfdom, abolition of, 92Set of Measures to Improve the System of

Planned Management of the NationalEconomy, 277

Seton-Watson, R.W., xxSeven Years’ War, 85, 87sgraffito, 65Shakespeare, William, 3Shelest, Pyotr, 260Sidor, Karol, 192, 207Sigismund, 36, 37, 42, 44–51Sik, Ota, 250, 254, 266, 275Silesia, 47, 49, 52

administrative separation from Moraviaby, 93

German Confederation for, 97governance of, 136treaty of Hubertusburg for, 85land diet within, 132loss of, 87Lutheran rights in, 71Moravia merger with, 188treaty of Paris for, 85population of, 156

PAGE 437

Prussian invasion of, 84Seven Years’ War over, 85Union of Germans from Bohemia, Mora-

via, and Silesia for the Preservation oftheir Nationality and, 118

simony, 40, 42. See also Roman CatholicismSino-Soviet split, 249Siroky, Viliam, 221, 242Sixtus Affair, 168, 169Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, 168Skoda, Emil, 141Skoda automobile, production of, 276Skoda-Mlada Boleslav, sale of, 295Sladkovsky, Karel, 132–33Slansky, Rudolf, 207, 235, 240Slav Congress, 119, 120, 125Slavism, 101, 116, 118, 119, 345n37Slavnık family, 14Slavs

autonomy for, 119, 120, 121, 133, 345n37Czech identification with, 101, 116, 118,

119, 345n37linguistics of, 8literature of, 24location of, 3manifesto of, 119origin of, 8–9

Slavy dcera (The Daughter of Slava, 1824)(Kollar), 112

Sling, Oto, 239–40Slovak Agrarians, 181, 204Slovak Board of Commissioners, 229Slovak Democratic Party, 223, 226–27, 229Slovak National Council (SNR), xxv, 171,

217, 221, 223, 270, 302Slovak National Party (SNS), xxv, 295Slovak National Uprising, 217–18Slovak (newspaper), 188, 192Slovak People’s Party, 185, 266Slovak Soviet Republic, 177Slovakia

Autonomist bloc in, 194autonomy of, 185, 192, 201–2, 207, 216constitution for, 305Czech cessation to, 206Czech claim to, 176in Czechoslovakia, xviieconomy of, 250fear of Hungary by, 217independence of, 207

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438 Index

Slovakia (continued)industrial development in, 201Jewish Codex in, 217Jews in, 200, 216–17language reform in, 192liberation of, 221loyalty by, to Czecho-Slovakia, 207nationalism of, 201–2occupation of, by Czechs, 207as part of Czechoslovakia, 180, 255population transfer for, 224as postwar equal to Czechoslovakia, 221preferred form of state for, 303tto rejoin as Czechoslovakia, 218resistance in, 217Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis and, 217Samo’s empire as forerunner to, 10,

334n14Slovak National Uprising in, 217–18Soviet Union interference in, 221treaty with Germany by, 207–8

Slovan (The Slav) (weekly newspaper), 125Slovanske starozitnosti (Slavic Antiquities,

1836–1837) (Safarık), 112Sloveni, 8Small Retribution Decree of October 27,

1945, 224Smeral, Bohumır, 168, 184Smetana, Bedrich, 4Smidke, Karol, 217, 239Smrkovsky, Josef, 240, 259, 262–66, 268,

270, 272SNR. See Slovak National CouncilSNS. See Slovak National PartySocial Democratic Party, 148, 154–55, 168,

182, 185, 204, 223, 234Social Insurance Law, 186Socialist Movement of Czechoslovak Citi-

zens, 278socialist realism, 238Socialist Union of Youth (SSM), 270–71,

286, 288–89Ministry of Social Welfare, 193Society for the Development of Mathematics,

Patriotic History, and Natural History inBohemia. See Society of Royal Sciences

Society of Jesus. See JesuitsSociety of Royal Sciences, 99Sokol gymnastic organization, 132, 165, 182,

210, 236, 243, 270

PAGE 438

Sophie, Archduchess, 122Soukup, 171South Slavs, 153, 162, 163Soviet Bloc, xvi–xvii, 227, 233Soviet Central Group of Forces, 275Soviet Five-Year Plans, 241Soviet Union

advance on Slovakia by, 218Czech support of, 227KGB in, 264labor camps in, 221as member of League of Nations, 193Nazi invasion of, 219, 220nuclear power of, 4–6objection to Czechoslovak-Polish federa-

tion by, 221response to Hitler’s demands by, 204

SP. See Party of WorkSpain, 55, 70, 96Spanish Civil War, 239Spanish Habsburgs, 78Spartakiada, 243Spytihnev I, 12Sramek, Jan, 181, 225Srobar, Vavro, 168, 178, 181SS. See Freedom PartySSM. See Socialist Union of Youth; Union of

Socialist YouthSt. Anne’s Patents, 154St. Barbara’s church, 54St. Catherine, 24St. George, 14, 24, 91St. Ludmila, cult of, 12, 13, 14St. Nicholas church, 77St. Stephen, 56, 59St. Vaclav, 12–13, 16, 18, 19, 21

Charles IV christened as, 32crown of, 56, 63cult of, 23, 24, 32lands of, 110legend of, 33statue of, 288as unifier, 23

St. Vaclav Committee, 117–18St. Vaclav’s Treaty, 58St. Vitus, 12–13, 24, 32–33, 46, 53, 94, 159,

281St. Vojtech, 14, 16, 24St. Wenceslas. See St. VaclavStadion, Rudolf, 118, 122

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Index 439

Stalin, Josef, 220, 227–28, 234, 239, 242,244, 245

Stanek, Frantisek, 168St’astny, Alfons, 142, 151State Central Archives, xxiState Land Office, 183State Rights Radical Party, 150State Security (StB), xxv, 299–300Statuta Judaeorum (legal code for Jews), 25StB. See State SecurityStefanik, Milan Rastislav, 166, 171–72Stefanova, Dana, xxiStepan, Miroslav, 288, 289–90Stephen I, 14Stıtny, Tomas, 40Stoiber, Gunter, 329Strahov events, 252Stransky, Adolf, 147Stremayr, 137Strıbrny, Jirı, 171, 186Strougal, Lubomır, 268, 270, 271, 275Studies of Nationalities, xixduchy of Styria, 19, 34succession, 79Sudeten German Homeland Front. See Sude-

ten German PartySudeten German Party (SdP), xxv, 193, 195,

196Sudeten German Social Democratic Party,

220Sudeten Germans, 199, 214, 220, 298–99,

328–29Sudeten Mountains, 4suffrage, universal, 143, 147, 152sugar production, 106–7Sumava mountains, 4Supreme Court Police and Censorship Office,

103Svab, Karel, 240Svatopluk, 10, 11Svatoslav, 10Svaty Vaclave (Czech war hymn), 25Svehla, Antonın, 151, 168, 171, 180, 182,

185, 186, 187Svermova, Jan, 239–40Svermova, Marie, 239–40Svetla, KIarolina, 132Svoboda, Ludvık, 219, 220, 226, 230, 253,

264–66, 271, 273, 275Svobodne slovo (Free Word) (newspaper),

289

PAGE 439

Swabia, 12Sweden, 70, 71Swedish War, 68. See also Thirty Years’ WarSwitzerland

Habsburg empire and, 71Sylvester Patent, 126Synek family, xxiSyrovy, Jan, 205

Taafe, Eduard, 137, 138, 139, 148Taborites, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51. See also Hussite

Reformationtabory (gatherings), 135Tardieu plan, 193taxation

to counter Turkish threat, 64equalization of, by Joseph II, 92Estates negation of, 105Hungarian refusal for, 130by Land Diet, 57, 66by landlords, 74of nobility, 121of peasants, 121

telegraph, 107Ten Commandments for nonviolent protest,

263, 364n5Ten Points Manifesto, 270Terezın, concentration camp of, 215territorial patriotism, 99–100duchy of Tesın, 177, 206textiles, manufacture of, 87–88Tham, Karel Hynek, 98Thatcher, Margaret, 315Theresian patent (1775), 92Third Coalition War, 96Third Five-Year Plan, 247Third Plan, 197Thirty Years’ War, xvi, 67–68, 71, 7436th Mlada Boleslav Infantry Regiment,

164–65Thomson, S. Harrison, xxThree Emperor’s League, 136–37threefold people, doctrine of, 56, 338n1Thun, Joseph Matthias, 105, 110Thun, Leo, 105, 118, 119, 121, 127, 165Thun-Hohenstein, Franz, 147Thuringia, 12Treaty of Tilsit, 96time of darkness, 75, 77, 78Tiso, Jozef, 192, 196, 206, 207, 216, 217,

218, 229

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440 Index

tithes/contributions, 40. See also Roman Ca-tholicism

Tito-Stalin split, 239TNP. See Forced Labor Camptoleration, religious, 53, 90, 91, 92Tomasek, Frantisek, 281Tosovsky, Josef, 315–16town law, 20–21towns

economic privileges of, 58financial burden of, 67power of, 61–62, 72

tradeforeign merchants for, 13–14Great Depression effect on, 190–91Turkish threat to, 55, 57

Tradesmen’s Bank for Bohemia and Moravia,142

Tradesmen’s Party, 181, 194, 204, 262Trans-Siberian railway, 169transformation, 309Transparency International, 319–20Transylvania, 80Trialism, 163, 194Treaty of Trianon, 178Trojan, Alois Pravoslav, 115, 132–33Trotsky, Leon, 278Truman, Harry S, 227Truman Doctrine, 227Tuka, Vojtech, 188, 192, 216Turkey

control of Hungary by, 78Leopold II ends war with, 93navigation threat by, 55, 57threat by, 64, 80travel to, 64Vienna siege by, 78war between Russia and, 136–37

Tusar, Vlastimil, 183Twelfth Party Congress, 24928th Prague Infantry Regiment, 164Two Thousand Words that Belong to Work-

ers, Farmers, Officials, Scientists, Artists,and Everybody (Vaculık), 256–57, 259

Tyl, Josef Kajetan, 113–14Tyrs, Miroslav, 132

UDV. See Institute for Documentation andInvestigation of the Crimes of Communism

Uhl, Petr, 278

PAGE 440

Ukrainian National Union, 207Ukrainians, xviiUlbricht, 257, 258, 273Umelecka beseda (Artists’ Club), 132Unified Agricultural Cooperative (JZD), xxiv,

241, 243Union for the Encouragement of Industry in

Bohemia, 104Union for the Promotion of Industry, 115Union of Germans from Bohemia, Moravia,

and Silesia for the Preservation of their Na-tionality, 118

Union of Socialist Youth (SSM), xxvUnited Bohemian-Austrian Chancellery, 93United Chancellery, 91United German Left, 151United Nations, 324United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), 211Unity of Brethren

Bohemian Confession for, 62–63, 91Calvinism influence on, 56impact of, 61status of, 62

Universal Declaration on Human Rights, 285UNPROFOR, 325UNRAA relief support, 227UNRV. See Central National Revolutionary

CommitteeUrban VI, 36URO. See Central Trade-Unions CouncilUrsıny, Jan, 217, 229US. See Freedom UnionU.S. Department of State (Title VIII), xxUSSR. See United Soviet Socialist RepublicUtraquists, 43, 48, 49, 50, 53

Catholic opposition by, 58isolation of, 56, 62Neo-Utraquists and, 59–61Old Utraquists as, 59–61. See also Hussite

ReformationTreaty of Utrecht, 79UVOD. See Central Committee of Home Re-

sistance

Vaclav I, 20, 331Vaclav II, 21, 22–23, 25Vaclav III, 23, 25, 29Vaclav IV, 37, 41–42Vaculık, Ludvık, 251, 255–56, 270, 279the Vatican, 186, 187, 201, 217, 218

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Index 441

Velek, Lubos, xxiVelvet Divorce, xvi, 306Velvet Revolution, 284–92Treaty of Verdun (843), 10Treaty of Versailles, 177, 189, 204Victor Emmanuel II, 116–17. See also ItalyVictorious February, 203, 233, 258Vienna, xxViennese Court Chamber, 73Viest, Rudolf, 218Vilem of Rozmberk, 64Vilem Slavata of Chlum, 66Virgin Mary, 12

church of, 53cult of, 76

viribus unitis (with united strength), 124Visegrad Three, 298Vistual River, 8Vladislav II, 17, 18, 52, 54

accession of, 56death of, 58as King of Hungary, 56–57, 59

Vladislav Land Ordinance, 58Vlasov, Andrei, 222Vltava River, 4Voice of America, 236VONS. See Committee for the Defense of the

Unjustly PersecutedVoyages of Discovery, 55. See also tradeVPN. See Public Against ViolenceVratislav I, 12, 307Vratislav II, 16Vratislav of Mitrovice, Vaclav, 64, 79Vucinich, Wayne S., xxiVysehrad, 16

Waigel, Theo, 329Waldensians, 40Waldhauser, Konrad, 40Wallachia, 127War of the Austrian Succession (1748), 84War of the Polish Succession, 79War of the Spanish Succession, 78–79. See

also Charles VI

PAGE 441

Warsaw Pact, 241, 246, 257, 258, 293, 298,330

Warsaw Pact invasion, 260–64, 285, 290,364n10

Battle of Waterloo, 97Wehrmacht, 209Weimar Germany, 189Weizsacker, Richard, von, 298–99Wenceslas Square, 171, 237Wendish marches, 21Werfel, Franz, 158West German New Left, 278White Carpathian mountains, 4Battle of White Mountain, 67, 69, 72, 75, 83Wien. See ViennaWild Transfer, 224Wilson, Woodrow, 166–67, 168, 170, 352n7Windischgratz, Alfred, 121, 122–23, 148Wingfield, Nancy, xx–xxiWittelsbach. See Ludwig of BavariaWittelsbachs, 35–36Wolf, Karl Hermann, 149World War I, xvi, 153, 160, 163–64World War II, xv, 3, 220–21Wyclif, John, 41

Young Czechs, 132–33, 136, 146, 147, 153,168, 181

Yugoslavia, 227–28, 246

Zagreb treason trial, 162Zapotocky, Antonın, 223, 242, 243, 246Zbraslav abbey, 30, 91Zdenek Lev of Rozmital, 61Zelenohorsky manuscript. See Rukopis kra-

lovedvorsky/zelenohorskyZelivsky, Jan, 44, 48Zeman, Milos, 313, 316–19, 326, 329Zenkl, Petr, 229Zhivkov, 273Zieleniec, Josef, 315Zionism, 200Zıtek, Josef, 143Zizka of Trocnov, Jan, 46, 47, 48Zpravy (News), 264, 268, 269

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