The Cultural Entrepreneuriel Characteristics: approaching the Middel East
-
Upload
rene-kooyman -
Category
Economy & Finance
-
view
145 -
download
3
Transcript of The Cultural Entrepreneuriel Characteristics: approaching the Middel East
The Entrepreneurial Dimensionof Cultural and Creative Industries
Rene Kooyman
OASIS 500 Conference Amman
Cultural and creative industries
‘Cultural industries’: goods or services
that embody cultural expressions,
irrespective commercial value: film, DVD, video, television and radio, video games, new media, music, books and press, performing arts, visual arts.
‘Creative industries’ : use culture as an input , whose outputs are mainly functional: architecture, advertising, gaming, design and fashion.’
Contribution Cultural/Creative sector
• UNCTAD: Creative Economy Report 2010
• EU: See EDCCI Page 102
The new SME definition
Three criteria:
• Staff headcount
• Annual turnover
or:
• Balance sheet turnover
• ????
CCIs : EU Top
Regions
LQ is an indicator of CCI employment relative to the total employment of the region, where LQ>1 indicatesan over-representation of CCI employment
Source: European Cluster Observatory
See EDCCI Page 102
Staff headcount - turnover
o Very small (< 2 milj EUR)
o SMEs (2 – 10 m EUR)
o Large enterprises:
Cultural Industries BRD
o 763.000 taxable employees
Fesel/Söndermann BRD 2009
97% of headcount 27 % turnover
3 % headcount 32 % turnover
< 1 % nr headcount 40 % turnover
o 210.000 Free-lance workers
not registered
Creative industries: headcount / turnover
CCI : Three Dimensions
Social dimension: • fostering territorial cohesion, integration and identity• reinforcing self-confidence (individuals /communities)• participate in the expression of cultural diversity
The entrepreneurial dimension:• owe one's own enterprise, entrepreneurial risk• value creation• innovative practices : new products, forms of
organization, new markets, new production methods, new sources of supplies and materials
The economical dimension:
• Products/marketing, labour markets, turnover
Business categories
• Artisan – Designer driven purely by aesthetic motivation
• Solo – Individual designer focused on growth• Creative Partnership – Two creative people• Designer and Business Partner – One creative
and one business partner• Designer and Manufacturer – Designer in
contractual agreement with manufacturer• Partnership with Investor – Designer in
partnership with a formal investor
NESTA 2008
Labour Market Characteristics
• Labour market of the CCIs is complex
• Thrives on numerous small initiatives
• Careerwise a high degree of uncertainty
• Non-conventional forms of employment; part-time, temporary contracts, self-employment , free-lancers
• Multiple job-holdings; combined other sources
• New type of employer; the ‘entrepreneurial individual’ or ‘entrepreneurial cultural worker’
• Does not fit into typical patterns of full-time pro’s
• Heterogeneity of human resources categories; higher professional training, vernacular backgrounds, craft industry, any other category
Product characteristics
• Creative inputs and products are abundant
• Hypercompetitive environment
• Succes is uncertain: ‘nobody knows’
• Knowledge-based and labour-intensive input
• Not ‘simply merchandise’, but express cultural uniqueness and identities
• Experience goods; production and consumption ‘on the spot’
• Product life-cycles are often short
Cultural Business Modelling
Autonomous sources of
income
Product/Market Combinations
Real Estate
Merchandising
External sources
Sponsoring
Matching
Co-financing
Creation of local funds
Contrubutions of common
interest
Mecenas / Business Angels
Governmental fascilities
Subsidies
CulturalBusiness Modelling
Utrecht Centraal Museum
• Restaurant• Garden• Shop• New Media• Rietveld Schroderhouse• Dick Bruna house
Het Huis Utrecht
Budget 400.000Subsidie 100.000Market 300.000
Office space/flexTheateraccomodationsRestaurant/catering
Rene Kooyman Dec 2014
That’sthe way
it’s done!
The Entrepreneurial Dimensionof Cultural and Creative Industries
the Middle East perspective