Slide 1

The Crusades Slide 2 Impact of the Church Remember that the church is the most important entity during the time. Everyone looks up to the church for guidance, hope, salvation, education etc. Pope rules almost as a King. Remember that the church is the most important entity during the time. Everyone looks up to the church for guidance, hope, salvation, education etc. Pope rules almost as a King. Slide 3 Why Did the Crusades Begin? 1. Reclaim Land of Christ and stop Muslim invasion 2. Heal the rift between Roman and Orthodox Christianity 3. Harness energy of lords and knights 1. Reclaim Land of Christ and stop Muslim invasion 2. Heal the rift between Roman and Orthodox Christianity 3. Harness energy of lords and knights Slide 4 Initial Ideas 1074 Pope Gregory VII called for soldiers of Christ to aid the Byzantine Empire from Turks (laugh!) Mad when Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem are abused. Muslim Invasions spark Christian zeal (support) for the Crusades. 1074 Pope Gregory VII called for soldiers of Christ to aid the Byzantine Empire from Turks (laugh!) Mad when Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem are abused. Muslim Invasions spark Christian zeal (support) for the Crusades. Slide 5 Muslim Invasion Jerusalem sacred to Christian faith Islam spread and they took control of Jerusalem in 638 (could still visit) Turks invade Byzantine take Constantinople. (no more pilgrimages) Emperor Alexius I ask Urban II for help from knights Jerusalem sacred to Christian faith Islam spread and they took control of Jerusalem in 638 (could still visit) Turks invade Byzantine take Constantinople. (no more pilgrimages) Emperor Alexius I ask Urban II for help from knights Slide 6 Penitential Warfare How justify war if church is peaceful? St Augustine and Pope Gregory VII argue that if in defense or by order of the church then is ok Called Penitential Warfare Offered absolution to those who died fighting for the cross Pope Urban II endorsed when called for the First Crusade How justify war if church is peaceful? St Augustine and Pope Gregory VII argue that if in defense or by order of the church then is ok Called Penitential Warfare Offered absolution to those who died fighting for the cross Pope Urban II endorsed when called for the First Crusade Slide 7 The Crusades Eight Total First was most documented and successful Set the tone for what the Crusades were all about. Eight Total First was most documented and successful Set the tone for what the Crusades were all about. Slide 8 First Crusade (1096-1099) Pope Urban decides to help Alexius in order to reunite Empire under Papacy (control of the Pope). Council of Clermont: Urban II gives a speech inspiring French nobles and clergy to take back Jerusalem. (peasants find meaning in the cause as well!) Pope Urban decides to help Alexius in order to reunite Empire under Papacy (control of the Pope). Council of Clermont: Urban II gives a speech inspiring French nobles and clergy to take back Jerusalem. (peasants find meaning in the cause as well!) Slide 9 Peoples Crusade 100,000 people set out for Jerusalem. Have trouble getting supplies and food. (drought) Not treated well by citieshaving difficulty. Most warriors are unskilled! 100,000 people set out for Jerusalem. Have trouble getting supplies and food. (drought) Not treated well by citieshaving difficulty. Most warriors are unskilled! Slide 10 Christian Crusaders Speech given in France by Pope Urban II so many French knights answer the call. Also peasants, women, and children. Many want the opportunity to have salvation so want to participate in the Crusades. Speech given in France by Pope Urban II so many French knights answer the call. Also peasants, women, and children. Many want the opportunity to have salvation so want to participate in the Crusades. Slide 11 Antioch First Christian site. Matthew wrote gospels there. Took 9 months to gain control. Many Turks were massacred (closed in, disease) Found Holy Lance: Rally around it to victory Finally defeated Turks First Christian site. Matthew wrote gospels there. Took 9 months to gain control. Many Turks were massacred (closed in, disease) Found Holy Lance: Rally around it to victory Finally defeated Turks Slide 12 Movement to Jerusalem Some stay in Antioch others on to Jerusalem Hard struggle Failure, lack of water and supplies, fast and repent for sins Finally conquer city and massacred every Muslim and Jew in the city Some stay in Antioch others on to Jerusalem Hard struggle Failure, lack of water and supplies, fast and repent for sins Finally conquer city and massacred every Muslim and Jew in the city Slide 13 End of First Crusade Successful (only one) Won back Jerusalem Pope Urban II died 2 weeks later (never heard news) People returned home to families as heroes and those who did not participate are shunned. Successful (only one) Won back Jerusalem Pope Urban II died 2 weeks later (never heard news) People returned home to families as heroes and those who did not participate are shunned. Slide 14 German Crusade Jews persecuted as non-believers. Some seek out Jews instead of heading to Jerusalem to fight Muslims Enter Jewish lands and told to convert or be killedmass killings and mass suicides. Pope Urban promised rewards from God for killing non-Christians. Jews persecuted as non-believers. Some seek out Jews instead of heading to Jerusalem to fight Muslims Enter Jewish lands and told to convert or be killedmass killings and mass suicides. Pope Urban promised rewards from God for killing non-Christians. Slide 15 Effects of First Crusade Restored the Church Created Military Orders to protect people Knights of St. John: Built a hospital wore white crosses and protected pilgrims Knights Templar: 1119 by French knights wore red crosses and protected pilgrims to and from Holy Land Teutonic Knights: German and joined others Restored the Church Created Military Orders to protect people Knights of St. John: Built a hospital wore white crosses and protected pilgrims Knights Templar: 1119 by French knights wore red crosses and protected pilgrims to and from Holy Land Teutonic Knights: German and joined others Slide 16 Other Crusades Various reasons8 in totalmost attempt to gain back other lands. Jerusalem lost and tried to gain it back again. Unsuccessful. Way for the church to keep control of the people. Various reasons8 in totalmost attempt to gain back other lands. Jerusalem lost and tried to gain it back again. Unsuccessful. Way for the church to keep control of the people. Slide 17 Conclusion Crusades had negative lasting affects Separated the Byzantine East from Roman West Created a divide between Islam and Christianity Still exists today Christianity more powerful and dominate during the time. Created a warrior Aristocracy who are looking for new conquests. Crusades had negative lasting affects Separated the Byzantine East from Roman West Created a divide between Islam and Christianity Still exists today Christianity more powerful and dominate during the time. Created a warrior Aristocracy who are looking for new conquests. Slide 18 Conclusion continued Positive affects of Crusades Idea of Heroism Encourage us to ponder what divides the religions and similarities and differences Positive affects of Crusades Idea of Heroism Encourage us to ponder what divides the religions and similarities and differences