The CrusadesThe Crusades

Good to KnowGood to Know Pope Innocent III took office in 1198Pope Innocent III took office in 1198

with his office he dramatically utilized papal supremacy with his office he dramatically utilized papal supremacy to the utmost degree…creating enemies along the wayto the utmost degree…creating enemies along the way

Innocent and Phillip II launched a brutal Crusade, Innocent and Phillip II launched a brutal Crusade, holy war, against the Albigenisians in S. France holy war, against the Albigenisians in S. France because they wanted to “purify” the church and because they wanted to “purify” the church and return it to its original, simple waysreturn it to its original, simple ways

All the while and afterward-popes are striving All the while and afterward-popes are striving towards maintaining supremacy and Monarch towards maintaining supremacy and Monarch power is growingpower is growing

About the Crusades…About the Crusades…

Technically started in Technically started in 10961096

Christian v. Muslim Christian v. Muslim for control of the for control of the lands in the Middle lands in the Middle EastEast

Lasted for Lasted for approximately 200 approximately 200 years…stretching years…stretching eastwardeastward

The World in 1050The World in 1050

Read this section from your text on p. Read this section from your text on p. 215-216215-216

This is important b/c it will help you This is important b/c it will help you understand the Crusades and how they understand the Crusades and how they effected everyoneeffected everyone

The Crusades Officially The Crusades Officially BeginBegin

Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asks Pope Alexius I asks Pope Urban II for knights Urban II for knights to help fight the to help fight the Muslim Turks who Muslim Turks who were trying to extend were trying to extend their powertheir power This would begin a This would begin a

Crusade for the “Holy Crusade for the “Holy Land” Land”

Motives for a Religious Motives for a Religious War:War:

““God wills it!”God wills it!” Control of the “Holy Land”Control of the “Holy Land” Religious zealReligious zeal Sought to escape troubles at homeSought to escape troubles at home Sought adventureSought adventure Hope of healing the schism between the Hope of healing the schism between the

Roman and Byzantine churchesRoman and Byzantine churches Keep conflict within the other rather than Keep conflict within the other rather than

internallyinternally

A little about what A little about what happened…happened…

Many Crusades over 200 yearsMany Crusades over 200 years The First Crusade was the only The First Crusade was the only

one that came close to achieving one that came close to achieving its goals on the Christian sideits goals on the Christian side

The Crusades had far-reaching The Crusades had far-reaching political, economic, and social political, economic, and social impacts impacts

Came to an end in 1291 by Came to an end in 1291 by Muslims capturing the last Muslims capturing the last Christian outpost in the port city of Christian outpost in the port city of Acre-it was a massacre-just like Acre-it was a massacre-just like Jerusalem 200 years earlier by the Jerusalem 200 years earlier by the ChristiansChristians

Effects of the Crusades Effects of the Crusades on Europe:on Europe:

A bitter legacy of A bitter legacy of religious hatred leftreligious hatred left

Peoples of faith guilty Peoples of faith guilty of atrocities in the of atrocities in the name of religionname of religion

Quickened the pace Quickened the pace of changes in Europeof changes in Europe

Changes in Europe:Changes in Europe: Economic ExpansionEconomic Expansion

Increased tradeIncreased trade Large fleets were builtLarge fleets were built Encouraged growth of money-money was needed to get to the Holy Encouraged growth of money-money was needed to get to the Holy

LandLand Increased power for monarchsIncreased power for monarchs

Some monarchs helped lead the Crusades-this greatly enhanced Some monarchs helped lead the Crusades-this greatly enhanced their powertheir power

Byzantine church resentment for the West (Rome) Byzantine church resentment for the West (Rome) hardenedhardened Papal power remained dramaticPapal power remained dramatic

A wider world view developedA wider world view developed This view had been cut off since the fall of RomeThis view had been cut off since the fall of Rome Opened eyes to other people groups and their diversityOpened eyes to other people groups and their diversity Ex: Marco Polo-ChinaEx: Marco Polo-China

The Reconquista of SpainThe Reconquista of Spain The Reconquista were Christian efforts The Reconquista were Christian efforts

made following the Crusades to take over made following the Crusades to take over Muslim lands and drive them out of SpainMuslim lands and drive them out of Spain

Finalized by Ferdinand of Aragon and Finalized by Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile-their marriage unified two Isabella of Castile-their marriage unified two powerful kingdoms powerful kingdoms Made final push for the fall of Granada-Made final push for the fall of Granada-

completing the Reconquistacompleting the Reconquista They wanted to est. religious and political unity They wanted to est. religious and political unity

in Spain and they ended religious toleration in Spain and they ended religious toleration there and drove out Jews and Muslimsthere and drove out Jews and Muslims

Chart on Page 219Chart on Page 219