The Crucible
description
Transcript of The Crucible
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From now, it is really important you are doing more work than me.
Theoretically, you should be telling me about the text.
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The Crucible
Arthur Miller
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“I could not use the name of another person and bring trouble on him”
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What is the text actually about?
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Start/End Point• What does the author want us to:KnowThinkFeelTo considerTo do
What is the text actually about? Is it really just about witches in 17th century America? Is it
really just about McCarthyism?
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Layers
• Simple Level = the witch hunts in Salem 1692
• Complicated = McCarthyism in the 1950s
• Complex = How it relates to us. How is this story about you? How is it about society? What does it say about ‘Encountering Conflict?
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The Title – A starting point
‘Crucible’ – What does it mean?
1. A container of metal or refractory material employed for heating substances to high temperatures.
2.Metallurgy . A hollow area at the bottom of a furnace in which the metal collects.
3. A severe, searching test or trialwww.dictionary.reference.com
What is the metaphor? How can we make links to the text? What is being heated to high temperatures? What is being put on trial?
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Front Cover
• Look at the front cover of the copy of your text. This is the first part we look at, and so much of what it is about is visually represented.
• What is it trying to tell us? What is this play about?
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Encountering Conflict
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Encountering Conflict
• Remember that you are writing about this context, not the text itself.
• You are using the text to help form ideas from which you can explore this context.
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Encountering Conflict
Conflict that exists within the
text.
Your ideas about
conflict
Conflict that exists
outside the text
Character conflict
Larger conflicts in
the text
Real world events
Historical context
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Key questions to help you engage with the idea of ‘Encountering Conflict’.
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What types of conflict exist?
• Religious conflict• Conflict with the land• Conflict with American Indians• Community conflict• Personal conflict
For each, write at least one example of where this conflict exists in the play.
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What are the causes of conflict?
Some examples:
GriefGuiltFearGreed
Others?
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What is the impact of encountering conflict?
• On individuals?• On communities?• In what ways are people impacted?
• How do people react to conflict?
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We will use these as we study each act of the text.
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Background to the Text
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1950s America
• Written in 1953 • HUAC claimed to be weeding out unseen
enemies of America (communists)• People who were ‘named’ were blacklisted
and therefore ostracized in many ways.
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Arthur Miller• Miller believed it was the social responsibility of the artist to
make critiques on society.• As a leftist, he appeared before the HUAC and was convicted
for refusing to name alleged Communist writers and was blacklisted:
“I could not use the name of another person and bring trouble on him”
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Arthur Miller
• Therefore, Miller wrote ‘The Crucible’ as a comment on the collective societal madness in seventeenth-century America, and on mid-twentieth century ‘Cold War’ anxieties fuelled by a nuclear arms race.
• Both, as he saw it, resulted in a ‘witch-hunt’
• ‘The Crucible’ is, then, “a powerful and timeless depiction of how intolerance and hysteria can intersect and tear a community apart”.
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Our first job is to identify what critiques and comments Miller was trying to make.
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Salem 1692
• One group of pioneers going through a transition into two different communities.
• This caused disagreements about property and other rights.
• There also grew conflicting ideas about religious practice.
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Puritans and Quakers
• Puritans – hard line Christians. Follow the bible’s teachings and the Ten Commandments. Suppress independent thought.
• Quakers – are seen as more free thinkers. They look for God in every person, the engage in social philanthropy, pacifists.
How does this relate to ‘The Crucible’?
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Key Definitions
• Autocracy – government in which one person has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others
• Theocracy – a form of government in which God is recognised as the supreme civil ruler, the God’s laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities (eg. priests)
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Homework
• The Hollywood Seven• Ed Murrow• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg• Puritans and Quakers• The ‘real’ Salem witch hunts of 1692