The cranial nerveⅠ. Olfactory nerve

Ⅱ. Optic nerve

Ⅲ. Oculomotor nerve

Ⅳ. Trochlear nerve

Ⅴ. Trigeminal nerve

Ⅵ. Abducent nerve

Ⅶ. Facial nerve

Ⅷ. Vestibulocochlear nerve

Ⅸ. Glossopharyngeal nerve

Ⅹ. Vagus nerve

Ⅺ. Accessory nerve

Ⅻ. Hypoglossal nerve

The cranial nerveⅠ. Olfactory nerve

Ⅱ. Optic nerve

Ⅲ. Oculomotor nerve

Ⅳ. Trochlear nerve

Ⅴ. Trigeminal nerve

Ⅵ. Abducent nerve

Ⅶ. Facial nerve

Ⅷ. Vestibulocochlear nerve

Ⅸ. Glossopharyngeal nerve

Ⅹ. Vagus nerve

Ⅺ. Accessory nerve

Ⅻ. Hypoglossal nerve

2. The cranial nerves consist of 4 kinds of fibers:

• somatic sensory fibers

• visceral sensory fibers

• somatic motor fibers

• visceral motor fibers

3. 3 types:

• Sensory (afferent) nerves: I、Ⅱ、Ⅷ• Motor (efferent) nerves: III、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅺ、Ⅻ• Mixed nerves: Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ

2. The cranial nerves consist of 4 kinds of fibers:

• somatic sensory fibers

• visceral sensory fibers

• somatic motor fibers

• visceral motor fibers

3. 3 types:

• Sensory (afferent) nerves: I、Ⅱ、Ⅷ• Motor (efferent) nerves: III、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅺ、Ⅻ• Mixed nerves: Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ

Ⅱ. The sensory nerves:

1. Olfactory nerve:

• Visceral sensory fibers

• Cell bodies are in nasal

Mucosa olfactory region

(on the superior

nasal concha and opposed

part of nasal septum)

• Pierces through cribriform

foramina and ends in

olfactory bulb.

• Conducts sense of smell.

Ⅱ. The sensory nerves:

1. Olfactory nerve:

• Visceral sensory fibers

• Cell bodies are in nasal

Mucosa olfactory region

(on the superior

nasal concha and opposed

part of nasal septum)

• Pierces through cribriform

foramina and ends in

olfactory bulb.

• Conducts sense of smell.

Ⅱ. The sensory nerves:

2. Optic nerve

• somatic sensory fibers.

• The central processes of ganglion cells

of retina converge on optic disc, then

pierce the sclera and form optic nerve.

• passes through optic canal into middle

cranial fossa, then joints optic chiasma.

• conveys the sense of sight.

Ⅱ. The sensory nerves:

2. Optic nerve

• somatic sensory fibers.

• The central processes of ganglion cells

of retina converge on optic disc, then

pierce the sclera and form optic nerve.

• passes through optic canal into middle

cranial fossa, then joints optic chiasma.

• conveys the sense of sight.

III Oculomotor nerve (III Oculomotor nerve (external squint))Contains special and general visceral motor fibersContains special and general visceral motor fibers• Enter orbit through the superior orbital fissure.Enter orbit through the superior orbital fissure.• The special visceral motor fibers supply the extrThe special visceral motor fibers supply the extr

aocular muscles aocular muscles except for the superior obliquus and lateral rectusexcept for the superior obliquus and lateral rectus•   The general visceral motor fibers innervate the The general visceral motor fibers innervate the

ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae musclesciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae muscles

III Oculomotor nerve (III Oculomotor nerve (external squint))Contains special and general visceral motor fibersContains special and general visceral motor fibers• Enter orbit through the superior orbital fissure.Enter orbit through the superior orbital fissure.• The special visceral motor fibers supply the extrThe special visceral motor fibers supply the extr

aocular muscles aocular muscles except for the superior obliquus and lateral rectusexcept for the superior obliquus and lateral rectus•   The general visceral motor fibers innervate the The general visceral motor fibers innervate the

ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae musclesciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae muscles

ciliary muscleciliary muscle

sphincter pupillae mussphincter pupillae musclescles

diplopiadiplopia

The general visceral The general visceral motor fibers motor fibers

The general somatic The general somatic motor fibersmotor fibers

Oculomotor nervesuperior obliquussuperior obliquus

Trochlear n.

Abducent n.

Trochlear nerve(CN IV)•   passes into orbit through the superior orbital fissure.passes into orbit through the superior orbital fissure.• Supplies the superior obliquusSupplies the superior obliquus

Trochlear nerve(CN IV)•   passes into orbit through the superior orbital fissure.passes into orbit through the superior orbital fissure.• Supplies the superior obliquusSupplies the superior obliquus

Trochlear nerve:

• Emerges from anterior medullary velum

just behind the inferior colliculus—winds

forward around cerebral peduncle—

traverses lateral wall of cavernous sinus

—passes into orbit through the superior orbital fissure• Supplies the superior oblique muscle.(diplopia )

Trochlear nerve:

• Emerges from anterior medullary velum

just behind the inferior colliculus—winds

forward around cerebral peduncle—

traverses lateral wall of cavernous sinus

—passes into orbit through the superior orbital fissure• Supplies the superior oblique muscle.(diplopia )

V. Trigeminal nerve:

It has a motor and a sensory

roots.The motor root contains

the somatic motor fibers arising

V. Trigeminal nerve:

It has a motor and a sensory

roots.The motor root contains

the somatic motor fibers arising

from the motor nucleus of trigeminal

nerve; Sensory root contains the

somatic sensory fibers which are

central processes of the neurons

located in the trigeminal ganglion.

from the motor nucleus of trigeminal

nerve; Sensory root contains the

somatic sensory fibers which are

central processes of the neurons

located in the trigeminal ganglion.

It’s formed by the peripheral processes of neurons of trigeminal

ganglion and few somatic motor fibers.

3 divisions:

—ophthalmic nerve

—maxillary nerve

—mandibular nerve

It’s formed by the peripheral processes of neurons of trigeminal

ganglion and few somatic motor fibers.

3 divisions:

—ophthalmic nerve

—maxillary nerve

—mandibular nerve

Ophthalmic nerve:• a sensory nerve• passes forwards along the lateral

wall of cavernous sinus—separated

into 3 branches—enter the orbit

through the superior orbital fissure : lacrimal nerve: lacrimal gland frontal nerve: divided into

supratrochlear n.

supraorbital nn.

which distributed to the skin

of forehead and anterior part

of scalp. nasociliary nerve: eyelid, nasoal

sinuses,skin and mucosa of nose.

Ophthalmic nerve:• a sensory nerve• passes forwards along the lateral

wall of cavernous sinus—separated

into 3 branches—enter the orbit

through the superior orbital fissure : lacrimal nerve: lacrimal gland frontal nerve: divided into

supratrochlear n.

supraorbital nn.

which distributed to the skin

of forehead and anterior part

of scalp. nasociliary nerve: eyelid, nasoal

sinuses,skin and mucosa of nose.

Maxillary nerve

• a sensory nerve.

• traverses the lateral wall of cavernous

sinus below the ophthalmic n.—

the foramen rotundum—crosses the

pterygopalatine fossa—enter the orbit

through the inferior orbital fissure

(infraorbital n.)—passes forwards

the infraorbital groove and canal—

appears on the face through infraorbital

foramen(supplies the ala of nose,lower

eyelid and upper lip)

• 3 branches:

--- zygomatic n.: skin of cheek and temple

--- pterygopalatine n.:

mucosa of nasal cavity,

palatine and pharynx

--- superior alveolar n:

maxillary sinus, upper gum

and teeth.

Mandibular nerve:• a mixed nerve• through the foramen ovale.• 5 branches: ---muscular branches: mastication. ---buccal n.: skin and mucosa of cheek ---lingual n.: mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue ---inferior alveolar n.: mandibular foramen—mendibular canal—mental foramen(mental n.) * lower teeth and gum, skin and mucosa of lower lip. ** muscular branch(mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric mm.) ---auriculotemporal n.: skin of anterior surface of auricle, temporal region, parotid gland.

Mandibular nerve:• a mixed nerve• through the foramen ovale.• 5 branches: ---muscular branches: mastication. ---buccal n.: skin and mucosa of cheek ---lingual n.: mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue ---inferior alveolar n.: mandibular foramen—mendibular canal—mental foramen(mental n.) * lower teeth and gum, skin and mucosa of lower lip. ** muscular branch(mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric mm.) ---auriculotemporal n.: skin of anterior surface of auricle, temporal region, parotid gland.

Abducens nerve(CN VI)Abducens nerve(CN VI)•  enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure.enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure.

• Innervates the lateral rectusInnervates the lateral rectus

VII。 Facial nerve:

• contains 3 types of fibers:

--- somatic motor fibers:

arise from the facial nucleus

--- visceral motor fibers:

arise from the superior salivatory

nucleus.

--- visceral sensory fibers:

arise from the geniculate ganglion

and terminate in the nucleus of solitary tract.

• Emerges from the pontomedullary groove just medially to the

vestibulocochlear n.

VII。 Facial nerve:

• contains 3 types of fibers:

--- somatic motor fibers:

arise from the facial nucleus

--- visceral motor fibers:

arise from the superior salivatory

nucleus.

--- visceral sensory fibers:

arise from the geniculate ganglion

and terminate in the nucleus of solitary tract.

• Emerges from the pontomedullary groove just medially to the

vestibulocochlear n.

• Passes into the internal acoustic meatus through the internal

acoustic pore—enter the facial canal—turns sharply backwards

and downwards—emerges through the stylomastoid foramen—

runs forward into the parotid gland—gives off 5 brabches.

• Passes into the internal acoustic meatus through the internal

acoustic pore—enter the facial canal—turns sharply backwards

and downwards—emerges through the stylomastoid foramen—

runs forward into the parotid gland—gives off 5 brabches.

• Branches outside the

facial canal:

--- temporal branch

--- zygomatic branches

--- buccal branches

--- mandibular branch

--- cervical branch

(contain the somatic motor fibers –

mimetic muscles and platysma)

• Branches outside the

facial canal:

--- temporal branch

--- zygomatic branches

--- buccal branches

--- mandibular branch

--- cervical branch

(contain the somatic motor fibers –

mimetic muscles and platysma)

• branches within the facial canal:

--- greater petrosal n.:

* formed by visceral motor fibers

(parasympathetic preganglionic

fibers)

* make relay in pterygopalatine

ganglion, postganglionic fibers

supply the lacrimal gland and

glands of nose and palate

• branches within the facial canal:

--- chorda tympanic:

•Arises from facial n. about 6mm

above the stylomastoid foramen

—enter the tympanic cavity—

pierces anteroinferior wall to

join the lingual n.

* The visceral sensory fibers

(mucous memberane of ant. 2/3

of tongue and responsible for taste)

* The visceral motor fibers pass into the submandibular ganglion

and make relay, the postganglionic fibers supply the

submandibular and sublingual glands.

VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve:

• somatic sensory fibers

• consists of cochlear and vestibular

nerves.

• Cochlear nerve is formed by

central processes of bipolar cells of

cochlear ganglion in the central

modiolus of cochlea

• Vestibular nerve is formed by

central processes of cells of

vestibular ganglion.

•

VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve:

• somatic sensory fibers

• consists of cochlear and vestibular

nerves.

• Cochlear nerve is formed by

central processes of bipolar cells of

cochlear ganglion in the central

modiolus of cochlea

• Vestibular nerve is formed by

central processes of cells of

vestibular ganglion.

•

• passes into brain stem through internal acoustic meatus.

• Conducts sense of hearing and balance.

• passes into brain stem through internal acoustic meatus.

• Conducts sense of hearing and balance.

IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve:

• contains 4 types of fibers

--- somatic motor fibers: arise from the nucleus ambiguus.

--- visceral motor fibers:arise from the inferior salivatory nucleus.

--- somatic sensory fibers: arise from the superior ganglion and

terminate in the spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve.

--- visceral sensory fibers: arise from the inferior ganglion and

terminate in the nucleus of solitary tract.

• leaves the skull through the jugular foramen—passes forwards

between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein—

passes along the stylopharyngeus — enters the pharynx.

IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve:

• contains 4 types of fibers

--- somatic motor fibers: arise from the nucleus ambiguus.

--- visceral motor fibers:arise from the inferior salivatory nucleus.

--- somatic sensory fibers: arise from the superior ganglion and

terminate in the spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve.

--- visceral sensory fibers: arise from the inferior ganglion and

terminate in the nucleus of solitary tract.

• leaves the skull through the jugular foramen—passes forwards

between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein—

passes along the stylopharyngeus — enters the pharynx.

• main branches:

--- carotid sinus branch

(to the carotid glomus

and carotid sinus)

--- lingual branch

(to the vallate papillae

& mucous membrane

of the posterior 1/3 of

the tongue)

--- pharyngeal branches

(to the mucousmembrane of

pharynx and

stylopharyngeus)

• main branches:

--- carotid sinus branch

(to the carotid glomus

and carotid sinus)

--- lingual branch

(to the vallate papillae

& mucous membrane

of the posterior 1/3 of

the tongue)

--- pharyngeal branches

(to the mucousmembrane of

pharynx and

stylopharyngeus)

--- tympanic nerve:

* arises from the inferior

ganglion of the nerve---ascends

to the tympanic cavity to forms

the typanic plexus---lesser

petrosal n.

* The lesser petrosal n. joints

the otic ganglion to make rely,

postganglionic fibers joint

the auriculotemporal n. and to

the parotid gland.

--- tympanic nerve:

* arises from the inferior

ganglion of the nerve---ascends

to the tympanic cavity to forms

the typanic plexus---lesser

petrosal n.

* The lesser petrosal n. joints

the otic ganglion to make rely,

postganglionic fibers joint

the auriculotemporal n. and to

the parotid gland.

X. Vagus n.

• contains 4 kinds of fibers

---somatic motor fibers arising from the nucleus ambiguus.

---visceral motor fibers arising from the dorsal nucleus of vagus n.

---somatic sensory fibers arising from the superior ganglion of

vagus n. and stop to the spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.

---visceral sensory fibers arising from the inferior ganglion of the n.

and stop to the nucleus of solitary tract.

• It is attached to medulla oblongata.

X. Vagus n.

• contains 4 kinds of fibers

---somatic motor fibers arising from the nucleus ambiguus.

---visceral motor fibers arising from the dorsal nucleus of vagus n.

---somatic sensory fibers arising from the superior ganglion of

vagus n. and stop to the spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.

---visceral sensory fibers arising from the inferior ganglion of the n.

and stop to the nucleus of solitary tract.

• It is attached to medulla oblongata.

• It leaves the skull through the

jugular foramen—passes down

in the carotid sheath behind the

internal jugular v. and internal

carotid a.—enters the thorax

between subclavian a. and v.

(crosses the aortic arch on the

left)—through the superior

mediastinum behind the root of

long—to esophagus and forms

the esophagus plexus —ant. and

post. trunks—enter abdominal

cavity through the esophageal

opening of diaphragm—divided into terminal branches.

• It leaves the skull through the

jugular foramen—passes down

in the carotid sheath behind the

internal jugular v. and internal

carotid a.—enters the thorax

between subclavian a. and v.

(crosses the aortic arch on the

left)—through the superior

mediastinum behind the root of

long—to esophagus and forms

the esophagus plexus —ant. and

post. trunks—enter abdominal

cavity through the esophageal

opening of diaphragm—divided into terminal branches.

• Main branches:

— superior laryngeal n.

* internal laryngeal n.(mucous

membrane of larynx above

the level of vocal folds)

* external laryngeal n.(supplies

the cricothyroid m.)

— cervical cardiac branches

— pharyngeal branch

• Main branches:

— superior laryngeal n.

* internal laryngeal n.(mucous

membrane of larynx above

the level of vocal folds)

* external laryngeal n.(supplies

the cricothyroid m.)

— cervical cardiac branches

— pharyngeal branch

• Main branches:

— recurrent laryngeal nerve(winds the subclavian a. or the aortic

arch—ascends in groove between the trachea and esophagus—

enters larynx): mucous membrane of the larynx below the level

of vocal folds and rest m. of larynx.

• Main branches:

— recurrent laryngeal nerve(winds the subclavian a. or the aortic

arch—ascends in groove between the trachea and esophagus—

enters larynx): mucous membrane of the larynx below the level

of vocal folds and rest m. of larynx.

• Main branches:

— bronchial branches

— esophageal branches

— anterior and posterior

gastric branches(stomach)

— hepatic branches

— celiac branches

• Main branches:

— bronchial branches

— esophageal branches

— anterior and posterior

gastric branches(stomach)

— hepatic branches

— celiac branches

• Main branches:

— bronchial branches

— esophageal branches

— anterior and posterior

gastric branches(stomach)

— hepatic branches

— celiac branches

XI. Accessory nerve

• Contains somatic motor fibers arising

from the accessory nucleus(spinal root)

and lower part of nucleus ambiguus

(cranial root).

• Emerges from the posterolateral sulcus

of medulla oblongata—through the

jugular foramen—descends between

the internal carotid artery and internal

jugular vein—passes back and

downwards to strnocleidomustoid

muscle

XII. Hypoglossal nerve:

• Emerges from the anterolateral sulcus (between the olive and

pyramid) of medulla oblongat

—through the hypoglossal canal

—descends between theinternal

carotid artery and internal

jugular vein—passes forwards

over the internal and external

arteries at the level of the angle

of mandible— enters the tongue.

• Supplies the intrinsic and

extrinsic muscles of tongue

XII. Hypoglossal nerve:

• Emerges from the anterolateral sulcus (between the olive and

pyramid) of medulla oblongat

—through the hypoglossal canal

—descends between theinternal

carotid artery and internal

jugular vein—passes forwards

over the internal and external

arteries at the level of the angle

of mandible— enters the tongue.

• Supplies the intrinsic and

extrinsic muscles of tongue