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Created by :The 3rd group Frista Irwaninda (4301412018) Intan Yani Pratiwi (4301412033) Nina Fitriana (4301412060)Chemical Education Class 1COORDINATION BONDING (COMPLEX)

Coordination covalent bondingThe bonding happens if pair electron used only from one atom, while another doesnt share the electron. This bonding happens on atom that has lone pair electron.

Represented by an arrow there is donor and acceptor of electron pair

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Example of coordination covalent bonding

The dillution process of HCl in water to form hydrochloride acid

The reaction between ammonia and boron trifluoride

The forming of SO3 compound

Carbon monoxide, COCarbon monoxide can be looked as molecule that has 2 covalent bonding between carbon and oxygen and coordination bonding uses pair electron on oxygen atom

The Coordination Theory (Alfred Werner, 1892)The Werner postulate is : The metal element has 2 types of valence, are primary valence and secondary valence (nowadays called oxidation number and coordination number) An element tends to fulfill its primary valence or secondary valence Secondary valence is pointed to certain position in the space

Based on that three postulates, so the structure of CoCl3.6NH3, CoCl3.5NH3, CoCl3.4NH3, and CoCl3.3NH3 are :

The structure of CoCl3.6NH3The structure of CoCl3.5NH3The structure of CoCl3.4NH3

The Coordination CompoundThe compounds that are formed through coordination bonds (coordination of covalent bonds) between the ion/central atom with the ligand (protective force).

The Central Atom Or Ion :Ion/atom section of coordination compounds in the Center (the Center) as the recipient of the pair electron (Lewis acid), generally in the form of metal (especially the transition metals)Examples Of Complex CompoundsChlorophyll, hemoglobin, vitamin B12, Chinese ink, etc.

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Example of formation reaction of complex compoundsAg+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s)white(1)AgCl(s)white + 2 NH3(g) [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + Cl-(aq)(2)

The formation of complex ions, sometimes accompanied by the onset of the colors in aqueous solution2 [Co(H2O)6]Cl2 Co[CoCl4] + 12 H2Opink blue

History of DiscoveryCompound complex was first discovered by Tassert (1798), namely CoCl3.6NH3.Many complex compounds exhibit a distinctive color, hence the color never relied upon in the naming of complex compound.ComplexColorName[Fe(H2O)6]3+[Co(H2O)6]2+[Ni(H2O)6]2+[Cu(H2O)6]2+[Zn(H2O)6]2+OrangeRedGreenBlueWhiteHeksaaquaferrat (III)Heksaaquacobaltat (II)Heksaaquanikelat (III)Heksaaquacuprat (II)Heksaaquazinkat (II)

Due to the displacement of electrons in d orbitals, the energy levels of orbitals of lower energy levels to be higher of orbitals .The electron transfer is possible because only require little energy, that is part of the visible rays (at a particular wavelength). The color that appears as a color that is the color of the complex compound complement of colors that absorbed in the excitation process.Color Complex Compounds

Nomenclature of Complex Compounds

Ligand Name:Anions ligand named by the name of and given the suffix o. example:

AnionAnions NameLigands NameBr-BromideBromoCO32-CarbonateKarbonatoCl-ChlorideKloroCN-CyanideSianoOH-HydroxideHidroksoC2O42-OxalateOksalatoO2-oxideOxo

Neutral ligands are given the same name with the name of the molecule. Example :

MoleculeMolecules NameLigands NameNH3AmmoniaAminH2OWaterAquaCOCarbon monoxideCarbonyl

Nomenclature :

The name of the central atom (transition elements) are given the suffix atThe ligand is mentioned first by the number of the ligandThe Central Atom (transition elements) mentioned after ligand names