The Corpus Juris Civilis - William & Mary Law School ...

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College of William & Mary Law School William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository Library Staff Publications e Wolf Law Library 2016 e Corpus Juris Civilis Frederick W. Dingledy William & Mary Law School, [email protected] Copyright c 2016 by the authors. is article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. hps://scholarship.law.wm.edu/libpubs Repository Citation Dingledy, Frederick W., "e Corpus Juris Civilis" (2016). Library Staff Publications. 121. hps://scholarship.law.wm.edu/libpubs/121

Transcript of The Corpus Juris Civilis - William & Mary Law School ...

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College of William & Mary Law SchoolWilliam & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository

Library Staff Publications The Wolf Law Library

2016

The Corpus Juris CivilisFrederick W. DingledyWilliam & Mary Law School, [email protected]

Copyright c 2016 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository.https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/libpubs

Repository CitationDingledy, Frederick W., "The Corpus Juris Civilis" (2016). Library Staff Publications. 121.https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/libpubs/121

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The Corpus Juris Civilisby

Fred DingledySenior Reference Librarian

College of William & Mary Law Schoolfor Virginia Association of Law Libraries

at Washington & Lee U. School of Law – April 8, 2016

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What we’ll cover

History and Components of the Corpus Juris Civilis

Relevance of the Corpus Juris CivilisResearching the Corpus Juris Civilis

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Diocletian (r. 284‐305)Codex Gregorianus

(ca. 291)Codex Hermogenianus

(295)

Theodosius II(r. 408‐450)

Codex Theodosianus (438)

Previously…

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Byzantine Empire in 500

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Emperor Justinian I(r. 527‐565)

“Arms and lawshave always flourished by the reciprocal help of each other.”

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Tribonian John of Cappadocia

528: Justinian appoints First Law Commission

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529: Codex first ed.

Imperial constitutionesI: Ecclesiastical, legal system, adminII‐VIII: PrivateIX: CriminalX‐XII: Public

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Codex Liber

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530: Second Law Commission532: Nika (Victory) Riots

Theodora (500‐548)Hippodrome

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533: Digest/Pandects

Digest: Writings by juristsI: PublicII‐XLVII: PrivateXLVIII: CriminalXLIX: Appeals + TreasuryL: Municipal, specialties, definitions

“Appalling arrangement”‐‐Alan Watson

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533: Justinian’s Institutes

First‐year legal textbookI: PersonsII: ThingsIII: ObligationsIV: Actions

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533: Reform of Byzantinelegal education

First year: Institutes

Fifth year: Codex

Digest & Novels

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{The Novels (novellaeconstitutiones): Justinian’s constitutiones

534: Codex 2nd ed.565: Justinian dies

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Justinian’s Empire in 555

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Byzantine Empire in 717

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The medieval revival

Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, Abbot of Cluny, and Matilda of Canossa

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Irnerius Accursius

The Glossators

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VulgataDigestum Vetis InfortiatumDigestum Novum

glossa ordanaria

The Glossators

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CodexVolumen

Tres Libri CodicisAuthenticum Libri Feudorum Institutes

The Glossators

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1583: Dionysius Gothofredus, Corpus Juris Civilis

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1753: George Harris, The Four 

Books of Justinian’s Institutions

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The 19th‐century critical editions

Theodor Mommsen: Digest (1870)

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Justinian’s Institutes Codex

Paul Krueger: Institutes (1867) and

Codex (1877)

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Novels Wilhelm Kroll

Rudolf Schöll & Wilhelm Kroll: Novels (1895)

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1904: Partial Englishtranslation of Digest

Charles Henry Monro

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1932: Englishtranslation of CJC

S.P. Scott

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1985: English translation of Digest

Alan Watson

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ca. 1952: English translation of Codex

and Novels

Justice Fred H. Blume

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France Germany

European influence

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Spain Italy

European Influence

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Bracton on the Laws and Customs of England

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{“Secondly, Homonymiae, (as Justinian calleththem,) cases merely of iteration and repitition, are to be purged away…”

Sir Francis Bacon, A Proposition to His Majesty

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{

“Let me therefore distinguish my self from (my colleagues) by the Study of the Civil Law, in its native languages, those of Greece and Rome.”

Diary of John Adams

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{Dawson v. Winslow, Wythe 114, 119 (1791)

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“whoever will look. . .especially to the 118th Novel of Justinian. . .will be convinced that that is the fountain from which (Virginia’s law of descents and distributions has) flowed.Davis v. Rowe,27 Va. (6 Rand.) 355, 370 (1828)

Virginia Statute of Descents and 

Distributions, 1785

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“As a scientific, constructive legal work, there has been nothing to compare with [the Restatements], not even the work of framing the Napoleonic Code, since under the direction of Justinian, the Roman law was given systematic expression.”‐‐ALI President George W. Wickersham

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{Idaho v. Coeur d’Alene Tribe of Idaho, 521 U.S. 261, 284 (1997)

Modern U.S. references

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Researching the CJC

ʺClassification was not a strength of Roman jurisprudence. It was a methodology that the Romans borrowed enthusiastically from the Greeks, but in which they generally proved to be relatively inept.ʺ‐Andrew Borkowski & Paul du Plessis, Textbook on Roman Law (3d ed.), 153.

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CJC research

Secondary SourcesBorkowski’s Textbook on Roman LawCambridge Companion to Roman Law

Justinian’s InstitutesThomas or Sandars translation

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CJC Cite format(Edward Gibbon)

D 47.2.15.3

Part of CJC Book

TitleLaw

Paragraph/Section

Older cites may only give Law+paragraph/section number

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Bluebook Style (Rule T2.34)

CODE JUST. 2.45.3 (Diocletian & Maximian290/293).

DIG. 9.2.23 (Ulpian, Ad Edictum 18). J. INST. 2.23.1.NOV. 15.1 (535)

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Online sources – Blume’s Codeand Novels (U. of Wyoming)

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Online Sources – Watson’s Digest translation (Penn Press)

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Online sources – archive.org

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Online sources ‐‐Hein

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Tables of Contents

Almost always present in print‐first editionsOften English+LatinSometimes just English

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Indexes

Not in Monro’s or Watson’s DigestOther print‐first parts of CJC have them

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Pictures used Slide 4: Diocletian. In Diocletianʹs Palace, Split, Croatia, Hrvatska by User Alecconnell, Wikimedia Commons. 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diocletian_Bueste.JPG (Licensed under CC BY‐SA 3.0) Slide 4: Bust of Byzantine Empreror Theodosius II (reigned 408–450 AD) photo by Marie‐Lan Nguyen. 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodosius_II_Louvre_Ma1036.jpg (Licensed under CC BY 2.5) Slide 5: Rome and its Empire: From the Founding of Rome to the Downfall of the Empire by The Map as History. 

http://www.the‐map‐as‐history.com/demos/tome12/12_03_founding_of_rome_downfall_empire.php Slide 6: Justinian’s Head. Mosaic from S. Vitale of Justinian and his Court. S. Vitale, Ravenna. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I#/media/File:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg (Public Domain)

Slide 7: Tribonian bas‐relief in the U.S. House of Representatives chamber, sculpture by Brenda Putnam, photo by Architect of the Capitol, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tribonian_bas‐relief_in_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_chamber.jpg (Public Domain)

Slide 7: Scrooge  McDuck picture from Billionaires are hoarding more cash, CNN Money (Sep. 23, 2014) http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/23/investing/billionaires‐hoarding‐cash‐wealth‐investing/

Slide 9: Selected Virginia legal titles including Daniel Callʹs copy of George Wytheʹs Decisions of Cases in Virginia by the High Court of Chancery (1795). http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:RarebooksWithWytheDecisionsOfCases.jpg

Slide 9: Byzantine liturgical parchement scroll, 13th century. Exhibited in the Byzantine and Christian Museum in Athens. Picture by Giovanni DallʹOrto, November 12, 2009. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2049_‐_Byzantine_Museum,_Athens_‐_Parchement_scroll,_13th_century_‐_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_12.jpg

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Pictures used (cont.) Slide 10: The Imperial District of Byzantine Constantinople, by Wikimedia Commons user Cplakidas. 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantinople_imperial_district.png (Public Domain) Slide 10: Theodora. Detail from the 6th‐century mosaic ʺEmpress Theodora and Her Courtʺ in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna photo by The Yorck Project. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_008.jpg (Public Domain)

Slide 15: The Eastern Roman Empire (red) and its vassals (pink) in 555 AD during the reign of Justinian I byuser Tataryn77, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justinian555AD.png(Licensed under CC BY‐SA 3.0)

Slide 16: Byzantine Empire in 717 A.D. by users Amonixinator and Hoodinski, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ByzantineEmpire717%2Bextrainfo%2Bthemes.svg (Licensed under CC BY‐SA 3.0) 

Slide 17: Life of the Countess Matilda of Canossa by unknown miniaturist, Italian (active 1160s). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:12th‐century_painters_‐_Life_of_the_Countess_Matilda_of_Canossa_‐_WGA15961.jpg (Public Domain)

Slide 18: Accursius, glossator (ca. 1182 – ca. 1260) from Yale Law Library. https://www.flickr.com/photos/29570076@N06/3799354450/ (Licensed under CC By 2.0)

Slide 18: Picture of Irnerius from http://progressivegeographies.com/2010/10/22/irnerius/ Slide 19: Corpus iuris civilis : Digesta Justiniani. Infortiatum. Mit der Glossa ordinaria des Accursius und mitSummaria des Hieronymus Clarius.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Digesta_Justiniani_Infortiatum_1997304.jpg (Public Domain)

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Pictures used (cont.) Slide 21: Half‐title from volume one of Corpus Juris Civilis. From William & Mary Law Library, user 

Lktesar. (Licensed under CC BY‐NC‐SA 3.0) http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:CorpusJurisCivilis1663v1HalfTitle.jpg

Slide 22: Title page for D. Justiniani Institutionum Libri Quator, The Four Books of Justinianʹs Institutions. http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:DJustinianiInstitutionum1761.jpg

Slide 23: Theodor Mommsen in 1863 by Louis Jacoby. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen?oldformat=true#/media/File:Theodor_Mommsen_02.jpg (Public Domain) 

Slide 25: Wilhelm Kroll by anonymous. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Kroll.jpg Slide 27: Samuel Parsons Scott by unknown. 

http://romanlegaltradition.org/blog/index.php?post/2014/11/02/S.‐P.‐Scott%2C‐translator‐of‐The‐Civil‐Law Slide 28: Professor Alan Watson by user Soloviev1, Wikimedia Commons. 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alan_watson_scholar.jpg (Public Domain) Slide 29:  From “About Fred H. Blume and the Annotated Justinian Code,” 

http://www.uwyo.edu/lawlib/blume‐justinian/ Slide 33: Frontispiece from Volume One of The Works of Francis Bacon, 

http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:BaconWorks1740v1Frontispiece.jpg Slide 34: A Painting of President John Adams by Asher B. Durand. Released by U.S. Navy. 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_031029‐N‐6236G‐001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_(1735‐1826),_2nd_president_of_the_United_States,_by_Asher_B._Durand_(1767‐1845)‐crop.jpg (Public Domain)

Slide 35: Portrait of George Wythe by David Silvette. http://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/File:SilvetteWythe1979.jpg

With thanks to Michael Umberger for his help.