Practical Dynamo David Wood Chapman Taylor. Dynamo website .
The Convective Cloud Population of the Madden-Julian Oscillation: Early Results from DYNAMO
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The Convective Cloud Population of the Madden-Julian Oscillation:
Early Results from DYNAMO
Int. Conf. on Opportunities and Challenges in Monsoon Prediction in a Changing ClimateGolden Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India, 23 February, 2012
R. Houze D. Hence, S. Brodzik, K. Rasmussen, S.Powell,
H. Barnes, B. Dolan, K. Chakravarty, C. Burleyson, Z. Li, S. Ellis, T. Weckwerth, J. Vivekanandan, J. Hubbert, W.-C. Lee
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MJO Initiation area
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Addu Atoll
Five radars on Addu Atoll
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Radar experiment goal
Characteristics and evolution of the MJO cloud population in the region where the disturbance builds up
Addu Atoll
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S
Ka
NCAR S-PolKaRadar
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Rain over area scanned by S-PolKa
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Suppressed conditionechoes
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Suppressed phases:
Lines of non-precipitating
clouds
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Suppressed phases: The “worm echo”
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Slightly active moist layer
Clouds building at cold pool boundaries
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Slightly active moist layer
Clouds building at cold pool boundaries
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Cold pool boundaries seen
in differential reflectivity
(ZDR)
Birds?Dragonflies?
???
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Birds caught on camera
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graupel
small ice large non-melting ice
heavyrain
meltingice
Moderate cumulonimbus begin to grow upscale
Doppler velocity
Hydrometeor type
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October 16
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Refl. Rain
Conv.
Strat.
October 16
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5 km
10 km
Intense melting layer
melting snow
graupel
50 dBZ!
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Active phase few days later
Convection feeding into a large MCS
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Biggest MCS of first active phase: weak unidirectional shear
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Squall line in late active phase westerlies
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Suppressed condition clouds
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Westerly Surges
November
October
Larger than mesoscale
organization of deep
convection
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Long arc line
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Long arc linesegment on
radar
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Squall linein the strong westerlies
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Weak stratiform in the strong westerlies
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Stra
tifor
m R
ain
Frac
tion
S-PolKa S-band Stratiform Rain Fraction
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The most robust squall line in the
strong westerlies…
…has only moderate stratiform
Momentum transport
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Summary of MJO cloud population characteristics & evolution seen by the S-PolKa radarHumidity gradient layers monitored & measuredCloud lines dominate in highly suppressed periodCold pools are first stage of convective population Graupel & other ice lofted & input into stratiform regionsConvection enhanced inside stratiform regionsMCS development strongest in weak shearShear inhibits stratiform region formation Westerlies organize convection on larger than mesoscaleSquall lines form in westerlies at back of active zoneSquall lines transport momemtum downward
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End
This research is supported by NSF grant ATM AGS-1059611, DOE grant DE-SC0001164/ER-64752, and NASA grants NNX10AM28G and NNX10AH70G
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End
This research is supported by NSF grant ATM AGS-1059611, DOE grant DE-SC0001164/ER-64752, and NASA grants NNX10AM28G and NNX10AH70G