The Connected Car: Disruptive Innovations and Business … Technology Consultants-Th… · “the...

The Connected Car:

Disruptive Innovations and Business Opportunities

for Taiwan

Telematics Taiwan 2014

National Taiwan University Hospital

Taipei: 22 October 2014

Andrew Pickford

Transport Technology Consultants

Hong Kong

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Agenda

• What is a ‘Connected Vehicle’?

• Megatrends that are shaping the connected vehicle industry

• Focus: Vehicle-centric or infrastructure-centric?

• Application areas, market dynamics and opportunities for Taiwan

• Connected vehicle industrial policies: recommendations for Taiwan

• Transport Futures: to 2050

• Summary

What is a ‘Connected Vehicle’?

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‘Connected Vehicle’: definition

“the collective name for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-

infrastructure (V2I) communications”

or

“the presence of devices in an automobile that connect the devices to other

devices within the car/vehicles and or devices, networks and services outside

the car.”

My own definition is:

“a sensor-equipped vehicle that is able to cooperatively exchange data with

other vehicles, fixed and mobile devices, for the purpose of improving driver

awareness, road safety, mobility and network operating efficiency”.

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‘Connected Vehicle’: example

• Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V): exchange data on road conditions such as an

icy road.

• Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I): infrastructure transmits data to a

vehicle such as traffic light timing data and speed limits from roadside

signs.

• Vehicle-based ‘mesh networks’: a group / swarm of vehicles that share

speed information to enable average link speed to be measured

• V2X: other stakeholders include drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, traffic

managers and emergency / incident management personnel

Concept: vehicles, infrastructure and drivers form a information system

that improves safety, mobility and highway operational efficiency to

deliver greater benefits than any one of these acting alone.

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‘Connected Vehicle’: electronic toll collection

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© Transport Technology Consultants Ltd.

‘Connected Vehicle’: in-vehicle message alerts

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© US Department of Transport

‘Connected Vehicle’: intersection safety

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‘Connected Vehicle’: vehicle conflict resolution

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‘Connected Vehicle’: vehicle platooning

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Megatrends that are shaping the

connected vehicle industry

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Megatrends: 1 to 3

1. structural changes within automotive industry:

consolidation, new players (US, SE Asia, India, etc.)

continues to drive differentiation; the vehicle is increasingly

seen as a platform for delivering customised services (e.g.

OnStar);

2. increasing use of sensors: enables a shift from a focus on

passive safety i.e. protection (e.g. airbags) to active safety

i.e. crash avoidance (e.g. camera-based autonomous lane

following, radar-based speed adaption, etc.);

3. growing environmental concerns: legislation to reduce

average emissions, incentivise the use of new fuels, and

shift from taxation on ownership and fuel to usage instead;

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Megatrends: 4 to 6

4. increasing urban congestion: road infrastructure needs to

be used more efficiently, the reason for congestion charging

5. competition between mobile phone vendors: driving

innovations in driver interfaces (e.g. Apple’s CarPlay and

Google’s AndroidAuto); and.

6. innovations in standards-based wireless communications:

(e.g. WAVE, CALM) that treat the vehicle as a

communications and computing platform

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Focus: vehicle-centric or

infrastructure-centric?

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Vehicle-centric

• Vehicle manufacturers should be very good at vehicle-centric

innovation since they have a monopoly on vehicle-based

systems;

• Established players: BMW, Fiat, Ford, GM, Jaguar Cars,

Renault, Scania, Siemens, Toyota, Volkswagen and Volvo, etc.

• Newcomers are not only from within the automotive

industry: Apple, Audi, Cisco, Facebook, Google, Hyundai,

Skoda, Sony;

• Demonstrates increasing opportunities for vehicle-centric

competence - and more opportunities for Taiwan’s

established telematics industry.

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Vehicle-centric or infrastructure-centric?

Infrastructure-centric

Vehicle-centric

• Electronic toll collection (ETC) • Vehicle tracking / security geofencing • Traffic Control and surveillance (e.g.

JTMS and SMPS in Hong Kong) • Road flow measurement (e.g.

Bluetooth MAC address trackers)

• Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS):

o Lane following o Cooperative cruise control o Vehicle platooning o Augmented reality for

improved pedestrian / animal detection

• In-vehicle navigation • Inertial Navigation to augment GNSS

User-centric User-centric

• Pre-trip Travel planning (e.g. Hong Kong’s eTransport)

• Mobile phone as a Human Machine Interface and as a host for apps:

o Dynamic navigation (e.g. Google),

o Traffic alerts (e.g. Twitter) o Social Networks (e.g. Waze) o Other crowd-sourced services

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Infrastructure-centric: Electronic Toll Collection

Increasing

complexity and

barriers to entry

Plaza-based ETC

Multi-lane free flow ETC

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Infrastructure-centric: EV charging points

Either a local

combination of

electronic payment with

a wall charger (Hong

Kong) or mobile phone

interface (US)

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User-centric: e-hailing, trip planning and navigation

Increasing complexity and barriers to entry

Taxi e-hailing Multi-modal pre-trip planning Navigation / sensing

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Vehicle-centric: Electronic Toll Collection / Electronic

Road Pricing

Increasing

complexity and

barriers to entry

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Connected vehicles requires a connected value chain

- and a multi-disciplinary viewpoint

• There are a few examples of successful end-to-end systems:

o 1990: Vehicle Information and Communication System

(VICS), Japan

o 2004: Scania – the vehicle is a transportation service

o 2006: Universal On Board Unit (UOBU), DG TREN,

European Commission

o 2013: ecall / e112 in Europe (2013)

o 2013: Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System trial,

Transport for London, UK

o 2014: ERP2 ambitions, Singapore

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Example 1: Universal On Board Unit (UOBU), DGXIII,

European Commission

DG TREN: aim of the

UOBU project is “.. to

investigate and define

the functionality,

constraints, and

systems architecture,

and to assess the

benefits of a

telematics platform

integrated within the

vehicle or as a single

core vehicle unit…”

providing time,

communication,

identification and

location to requesting

services

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Example 2: CVIS: Booking System for a Freight Loading

Bay, Transport for London, UK

• Trial participants: Transport for London, Volvo, Thetis,

PTV, Logica, EFKON and Imperial College

• The Active8 System allows the vehicle operator to book

a kerb space on-line for loading and unloading at a

particular time.

• This prebooked space becomes a ‘virtual parking bay’ to

allow drivers to load and unload close to their desired

location without causing congestion

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Example 2: CVIS: Booking System for a Freight Loading

Bay, Transport for London, UK

1. Reservation

downloaded via 3G

2. GPS provides

location details

3. ETA is

displayed on

touch screen

in cab

4. Vehicle

detected in

loading /

unloading

bay by IR

camera5. Vehicle

OBU

detected

6. Roadside

system alerts

central database

that vehicle has

arrived

7. If valid, the booking

details are sent back to

the RSU

8. Loading / unloading data sent to

vehicle via IR link

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Example 3: ERP2, Singapore

• Three prequalified consortia invited to tender to provide

an end-to-end Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) based on

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS); charging for

road use by Time, Distance and Position (TDP)

• Tenders close 1Q2015, contract award 2H2015

• Potentially, the ERP2 system

will deliver a range of Value

Added Services (VAS) to road

users, and provide spatial

information on traffic flow to

permit improved intermodal

load balancing through

improved differential

charging25


Application areas, challenges, enablers

and market opportunities for Taiwan

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Application areas: Taiwan

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Turnkey Solution

In-Vehicular

Infotainment

System for

Public Transit

Mul -Card

e-Ticking

Integrated OBU/E-Payment

System/Mul -Media for

Passengers/Total Solu on

Planning/Satellite Dispatching

System……

Integrated OBU/Arrival

Display System/Mul -Card E-

cking Module/Intelligent

Bus Stop Sign/Digital/Travel

Recorder Module……

Vehicular Integra on/

Commercial Vehicle Integrated

OBU/Driver Assistance/Cloud

App/Total Solu on……

Fleet

Management

Smart Taxi

Dispatching System

eBus

Integrated OBU/Video

Applica on System/OS&APPs/

Satellite Posi oning Module/

Mul -Media Display……

Classifica on Module/RFID/IR

& Transceiver/Enforcement

Module/Enforcement

Module/System Integra on

Planning……

Electronic Toll

Collec on System

Integrated OBU/Digital TV/

Dynamic Naviga on/Digital

Video Recorder/Head-Up

Display/Safety Detec on

Warning System……

In-Vehicle

Infotainment

for Passenger

Vehicles

Smart Card/Vending/Balance Check

Kiosk/Mul -Card Reader/Gate/Central

Management System/Backed System for

Clearing/Se lement and Fee Distribu on

Application areas - 1

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Application areas - 2

Application area

Principles of competition Opportunities

IVI for passenger vehicles

• compliance with standards, • current: academic / SME

relationships • future: relationships with

automotive OEMs

• V2X initiatives in US, Europe and PR China,

• development of the Universal OBU for retrofit and automotive OEMs

• e911 in Europe and ERP2 Singapore

Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)

• compliance with standards • regional cost-focused

competition (system integrators) and infrastructure developers

• policy trends towards Time, Distance and Place (TDP)-based charging, enabled by new GNSS (e.g. Galileo and BeiDou2)

• Australia, Singapore, Eastern Europe, US (various)

• Early stage TDP application pilots in US and Europe

IVI for public transport

• global distribution through knowledgeable local partners

• various in Middle East • EC-funded pilots

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Challenges

1. Need to differentiate between ‘cooperative’ and ‘non-cooperative’:

o Development challenges in a non-cooperative environment are more

significant than in the cooperative environment:

- Cooperative interaction: Connected vehicles depend on deterministic

communication with the infrastructure and with other vehicles

- Non-cooperative interactions: Context awareness means sensitivity to

other adhoc assets such as pedestrians and legacy vehicles.

o Autonomous vehicles provide a clear functional target to developers of

vehicles that can participate in non-cooperative environments.

2. Dealing with legacy vehicles: will dedicated infrastructure be needed in some

cases such as high speed lanes?

3. Data protection and increasing demands from users to control privacy: “who

owns the data?”

4. Applying computing when it adds value: computers are still not better than

humans for driving tasks; from ADAS to autonomous vehicles will take time

5. Liabilities: who’s fault is it? The driver or the software engineer?

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Enablers

1. Local enablers:

• Enabling regulatory environment (e.g. laws in some US states) –

already a disruptive impact (e.g. most likely motivated by safety

mandates)

• Application incubators, test tracks (e.g. fully-equipped test

facilities), public competitions and innovation funds supporting

academic and private sector (e.g. Australia V2X test bed,

Singapore’s Jurong Lake District, DARPA, etc.)

• Early stage public sector investment and support: business

support, market intelligence, R&D tax incentives, etc.

2. International enablers:

• Standards (i.e. IEEE 1609, IEEE 802.11p, SAE J2735, etc.) and

certification (e.g. OmniAir and IEEE test methods) and a reference

architecture

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Real-world test environment: USA

USA: Connected Vehicle Test Bed

in Oakland County, Michigan

(South East Michigan Test Bed):

“… a development and test

facility for the Proof of Concept

engineering project conducted by

the USDOT and the auto industry

to determine the feasibility and

technical limitations of Dedicated

Short range Communication

(DSRC) operating in the 5.9GHz

bandwidth….. To support the

connected vehicle industry’s

evolving needs for a testing and

development environment”

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Real-world test environment: USA

Town Built for Driverless Cars

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Real-world test environment: UK

E&T Magazine,

17 Dec 2011

InnovITS – ADVANCE:

“…4km of roads in an

urban layout with signals

and CCTV plus private

communications

networks (GSM, 3G, WiFi)

and GNSS denial

systems … designed for

testing and developing

ITS applications that

include CVIS, Active

Safety, emergency

response (eCall), eco-

driving and traffic

management.”

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Meetings and fora: China

Shanghai Connected Vehicle & ITS

Expo and Forum 2014, 28-29

October, Shanghai, PR China

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Meetings and fora: Europe

The 3rd International

Conference on Connected

Vehicles and Expo, 3-7

November, Vienna, Austria

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Market Opportunities:

examples

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Market opportunities - examples

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• Universal On-Board Units and on-board computing platforms for

all vehicle types;

• In-vehicle Human Machine Interface (HMI) (e.g. HUD and the

mobile phone);

• in-vehicle sensors, including forward-looking cameras, 360° threat

detection, sensor data fusion;

• data analytics, cloud-based in-vehicle services;

• end-to-end data security and Over-The-Air data / application

transfer mechanisms;

• multi-mode / hybrid GNSS cores, navigation augmentation

modules;

• roadside 5.9GHz communication hubs, localisation mechanisms;

• test equipment

Connected vehicle industrial policies:

recommendations for Taiwan

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1. Identify and audit Taiwan’s relevant strengths (e.g. IP asset

‘audit’) and use as platform for market entry into connected

vehicle markets; empower academic institutions;

2. Support infant industry development (i.e. Taiwan already

has a globally competitive ICT and telematics industry) and

engage local authorities and automotive test facilities;

3. Investment in the ‘I’ (infrastructure) will require a

commitment from the public sector in Taiwan - if not, then

this could severely impact V2I innovation

Industrial policy recommendations: 1 to 3

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4. Define target application areas and encourage innovation in

each area by a variety of factors (e.g. innovation funds,

‘catapults’ / ‘accelerators’, competitions and public-funded

trials hosted by selected Taiwan local authorities to enable

private sector to explore business case);

5. Raise level of participation in development of standards for

V2X communications and reference architectures (e.g.

within ISO, CEN and the newly-formed IEEE SCC42);

6. Adopt a ‘systems view’ for existing product markets, to

develop V2X-related products and service delivery,

collaborative working within industry;


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7. Define an enabling regulatory environment in Taiwan

(including protected radio spectrum at 5.9GHz for V2X and

79GHz for UWB radar to encourage innovation in selected

connected vehicle market segments; and

8. For products and services that depend on economies of

scale (i.e. most) then innovate rapidly in domestic market

for solutions that are most likely to be internationally

competitive

9. Launch a ‘connected vehicle’ forum that defines the sector

in Taiwan, liaises with other regional groups and acts as a

focal point for connected vehicle interests in Taiwan.


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Transport Futures: to 2050

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Scenarios

“ How might science and technology be applied over the

next 50 years to the design and implementation of

intelligent infrastructure for transport and its altern atives

that are robust, sustainable and safe?”

• The UK-based Foresight team was led by Sir David King, Chief

Scientific Advisor to the UK Government

• Large stakeholder group (c. 600 experts) and project advisory

group of 22 representatives from academia, the police, Department

for Transport (DfT), electronics companies, utilities, etc.

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Scenarios Accepting of

intelligent

infrastructureGood Intentions Perpetual Motion

Tribal Trading Urban Colonies

High impact

transport

Low impact

transport

Resistant to

intelligent

infrastructure

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Summary

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Summary

• Innovations in connected vehicle market requires a ‘systems

view’ to compete in the global market for modules, systems and

services

• Collaboration across multiple disciplines and industries within

Taiwan and externally is critical to delivering a ‘connected

vehicle’ future; automotive engineering, information technology,

mobile communications, consumer electronics, industrial

electronics, infotainment, energy & utilities and insurance

• Cannot depend on safety legislation to trigger innovation

• Taiwan is well-placed to capitalise on this emerging market but a

‘connected vehicle’ future that could benefit Taiwan will be

equally an organisational as well as a technological challenge.

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Andrew PickfordTransport Technology Consultants Ltd

Hong Kong

[email protected]

Thank you!

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All images are copyrighted by their respective owners, including:

•Transport Technology Consultants, •U.S. Department of Transportation: http://www.its.dot.gov/press/its_images.htm

Copyright

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