The New Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards for Food ...
The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex...
-
Upload
emery-crawford -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex...
![Page 1: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food
Safety
Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD
Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission
Food and Nutrition Division, FAO of the United Nations
Almaty, 13-18 October2002
![Page 2: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety
1. Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Codex 1991 - 2002 2. Conclusions
![Page 3: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Risk analysis - new concept?
Risk and Codex
![Page 4: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Risk Analysis-New Concept?
Risk analysis existed for over a century and was widely used in such diverse areas as: insurance investment engineering
![Page 5: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Risk Analysis
Risk analysis was not designed to provide a decision
Instead it was tool to support decision - making
![Page 6: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FACT
In most countries the decision concerning whether a risk was acceptable and what would be done to reduce or eliminate risk was and is taken at a political level
![Page 7: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FACT
Risk is composed of two main elements:
the probability or likelihood of an adverse effect occuring
magnitude of the consequences
![Page 8: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Classical example:
In walking across the street the probability of being hit by:
a pedestrian; bicycle or carcould be the same however consequences would be very different
![Page 9: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FACT
Everyone faces potential hazards and risks every day
Hazards and risks are natural part of life
![Page 10: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Why do we need to do risk assessment?
Risk and Codex
![Page 11: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Science and Risk in Codex
All Codex Committees should continue to base their evaluations on suitable scientific principles
The CAC and its relevant Committees …. should make explicit the methods they have used to assess riskJoint FAO/WHO Conference on Food
Standards, Chemicals in Food and Food Trade, Rome, 1991
![Page 12: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Risk Analysis and Codex
1991 CAC accepted the Conference Recommendation
![Page 13: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Risk Analysis and Codex
1993
CAC approved the use of risk analysis in Codex work
![Page 14: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Risk Analysis and Codex
The decisions of the Codex in 1991 and 1993 to base its work on risk analysis predated the WTO SPS Agreement of 1995
![Page 15: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The SPS AgreementArticle 5.1
Members shall ensure that their sanitary and phytosanitary measures are based on an assessment, as appropriate to the circumstances, of the risks to human, animal or plant life and health, taking into account risk assessment techniques developed by the relevant international organizations
![Page 16: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The SPS AgreementArticle 5.2
In the assessment of risks, Members shall take into account available scientific evidence; relevant process and production methods; relevant inspection, sampling and testing methods; prevalence of specific diseases or pests; existence of pest- or disease-free areas; relevant ecological conditions; and quarantine or other treatment.
![Page 17: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FACT
Countries may introduce or maintain different standards (measures), based on scientific justification or use a higher level of protection (Article 2.3)
The scientific justification must be based on a risk assessment(Article 2.3 and Article 5)
![Page 18: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Note
Food safety measures that conform to the standards elaborated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission are presumed to be consistent with the WTO’s SPS Agreement
This means that no further risk assessment is required: Codex has already provided it
![Page 19: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Codex Alimentarius Commission and Risk Analysis
Statements of Principle Concerning the Role of Science in the Codex Decision Making Process and the Extent to Which Other Factors Are Taken Into Account
Statements of Principle Relating to the Role of Food Safety Risk Assessment
Definitions of Risk Analysis Terms Related to Food Safety
![Page 20: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Definitions of Risk Analysis TermsRelated to Food Safety
* Hazard* Risk* Risk Analysis* Risk Assessment* Hazard Identification* Hazard
Characterization
* Dose-Response Assessment
* Exposure Assessment* Risk Characterization* Risk Management* Risk Communication
![Page 21: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Concept of Risk Analysis
Risk Analysis: A process consisting of three components: risk assessment, risk management and risk communication
![Page 22: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Concept of Risk Analysis
Risk Assessment: A scientifically based process consisting of the following steps:(i) hazard identification, (ii) hazard characterization, (iii) exposure assessment, and (iv) risk characterization
![Page 23: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of MRA - 1999
Definitions of relevant terminology
General principles sound science, structured
approach, interaction with RM, statement of purpose, transparency, constraints, uncertainty, reality check, review
Guidelines for application
![Page 24: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Hazard Identification
Physical Chemical Biological
![Page 25: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hazards
Physical: stones, metal pieces in flour or
bread
![Page 26: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hazards
Biological Pathogenic bacteria (>80% of outbreaks)Moulds (Mycotoxins)Viruses (Hepatitis A) Parasites (Trichinella; Toxoplasma)
![Page 27: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hazards
ChemicalNatural: numerous toxins (mycotoxins, Phycotoxins; Saponins; Vicine in fava beans; cyanogenic glycosides; tannins; Gossypol; etc…)Industrial: PCBs, Dioxins; Heavy metalsAgricultural: Pesticides; Fertilizers
![Page 28: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hazards
Chemical (cont.)Veterinary: animal drug residues Food additives: Colours, flavours, preservatives, emulsifiers, thickening agents, etc..Processing aids: (extraction solvents)Packaging materials: plastic monomers
![Page 29: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hazard Characterization
Qualify and/or quantify the nature and adverse health effects associated with hazards in food.
For chemical hazards a dose-response assessment should be performed
![Page 30: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Note that:
Results of hazard chacterization (ADI, PTWI, etc) are valid for all populations
Diet variations and other population variations are built into the safety factors
![Page 31: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Exposure Assessment
Quantitative or qualitative evaluation of the likely intake of hazards via food, water as well as exposures from other sources, if relevant
![Page 32: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Exposure Assessment
Limitations at the international level
Certain data available only at the national level
Data more accurately reflecting the reality are available at the national level
![Page 33: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Characterize risk
In order to determine the severity of potential health effects - the results of the exposure assessment should be compared with the toxicological endpoints recommended by JEXFA/JMPR
![Page 34: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Risk Characterization
Use ADIs, PTDIs/PTWIs, Acute RfDs recommended by JECFA/JMPR or other international/regional bodies
Use proposed evaluations by JECFA/JMPR
Regional cooperation
![Page 35: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Microbiological hazards vs chemical hazards
Microbiological hazardsMicrobiological hazardspathogen-commodity
combinationsingle exposureindependent non-
cumulative eventvariable responsenumbers can change up
or downdynamic and adaptable -
different characteristics
Chemical hazardsChemical hazardsone chemical - many
foodsmultiple exposurescumulative effecttoxic levels stable or
decrease during storage
no dramatic change in toxicity
![Page 36: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Definitions of Risk Analysis TermsRelated to Food Safety (continued)
Risk Management: The process, distinct from risk assessment, of weighing policy alternatives, in consultation with all interested parties, considering risk assessment and other factors relevant for the health protection of consumers and for the promotion of fair trade practices, and, if needed, selecting appropriate prevention and control options
![Page 37: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Definitions of Risk Analysis TermsRelated to Food Safety (continued)
Risk Communication: The interactive exchange of information and opinions throughout the risk analysis process concerning hazards and risks, risk-related factors and risk perceptions, among risk assessors, risk managers, consumers, industry, the academic community and other interested parties, including the explanation of risk assessment findings and the basis of risk management decisions
![Page 38: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Principles of risk analysis
soundly based on science, consistent, open and transparent
fully and systematically documented in a transparent manner
functional separation of risk assessment and risk management
situations of developing countries should be specifically identified and taken into account
![Page 39: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Principles of risk analysis
precaution is an essential element of risk analysis
when there is evidence that a risk to human health exists but scientific data are insufficient or incomplete, Codex does not proceed to elaborate a standard but considers elaborating a related text, such as a code of practice, provided that such a text would be supported by the available scientific evidence
![Page 40: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Hazard Analysis vs Risk Analysis
Hazard Analysis deals with hazards that you can
measure in foodtypically is quantitative carried out at company levelprocessing plant/commodity
specific
![Page 41: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Risk Analysis
typically is qualitative carried out by governments
and/or regulatory institutions focuses on the control of an
industry-wide public health problem (e.g. listeriosis in ready-to-eat foods)
![Page 42: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Risk Analysis
outcome is quantitative or qualitative estimate of the likelihood of and adverse consequence due to exposure to a hazard to one or more populations, the development of one or more options to manage risk, and the development of recommendations to communicate the management of the risk to consumer
![Page 43: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Risk analysis should
Identify hazards Characterize risks Recognize uncertainty Summarize conclusions Recommend options Document the basis for decisions
![Page 44: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
CAC 1999
Programmes that contribute to risk analysis should have high priority
Relevant Codex committees should continue to develop and apply risk analysis principles and methodologies appropriate to their specific mandates
Risk management should take into account the economic consequences and the feasibility of risk management options in developing countries
![Page 45: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Risk Analysis and Codex
December 1999 onwards FAO/WHO Programme of activities on microbiological risk assessment convened in response to request from CAC / CCFH
![Page 46: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
FAO/WHO Risk assessment EC
Salmonella spp in broiler chickens and eggs
Listeria monocytogenes in ready to eat foods
Campylobacter spp. in broiler chickens
Vibrio spp. in seafood
![Page 47: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Outputs
Risk assessment monographsInterpretative summariesGuidelines documents
hazard characterization exposure assessmentrisk characterization
![Page 48: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Where to put intellectual and financial resources?
Risk and Codex
![Page 49: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Risk assessment
Principles and methodology of risk assessment are equally valid for all countries
No need to put resources there
![Page 50: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Surveillance infrastructure weak or non-existent;
Different reporting systems; Information kept secret
sometimes; Lack of resources and
programmes for this purpose;
Constraints in data collection
![Page 51: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Data availability - current limitations
data not collected or generatedunpublished and not available by
other meansconfidentialnot available in a format useful
for risk assessment
![Page 52: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Data availability - current limitations
insufficient information for example on how it was generated
not comparable due to use of different methodologies in collecting or generating data
not aware of all the data sources
![Page 53: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Sources of data
National surveillance dataEpidemiological surveysIndustrial surveys Research publicationsUnpublished research workGovernment reportsFood analyses data - import /
export, food control sampling
![Page 54: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Техническая помощь FAO странам-членам :
FAO Technical Cooperation Programme
Regional and National Seminars, Workshops on Risk Analysis
Projects to generate the necessary data
![Page 55: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
ConclusionsConclusions
Risk assessment
![Page 56: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Conclusions
The introduction of risk analysis as a discipline in standardization has opened new possibilities for international harmonization
![Page 57: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Conclusions
The concept can be extended further to establish conditions for determining the equivalence of measures or systems designed to address risk
![Page 58: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Conclusions
Countries can compare their standards, codes and other measures to determine if they are equivalent to internationally accepted standards or the standards of their trading partners
![Page 59: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Conclusions
Scientific analysis of potential hazards has proved to be a firm basis for decision-making in the management of food safety risks
Scientific evidence is not sufficient in itself for the establishment of risk management measures
![Page 60: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Conclusions
other legitimate factors need to be taken into account, but they need to be well
documented should not affect the scientific
process are not an alternative to the
scientific process
![Page 61: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Conclusions
Use scientific data provided by JECFA, JMPR, FAO/WHO Expert Consultations
Adopt and/or use Codex risk based standards, MRLs, codes of practice, guidelines etc - save resources
Prioritise areas of work and available funds
![Page 62: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Contact !
Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme
Food and Nutrition Division, FAOViale delle Terme di Caracalla00100 Rome, ItalyFax +39 (06) 5705.4593E-mail : [email protected]
![Page 63: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Visit Our Website
Http://www.codexalimentarius.net
JECFA Related Information http://www.who.int/pcs/JECFA/jecfa.htm
JMPR Related Information http://www.who.int/pcs/JMPR/JMPR.htm
Expert Consultation Reports http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/
ECONOMIC/ESN/expertfq.htm
![Page 64: The Concept and Use of Risk Analysis in Food Safety Jeronimas Maskeliunas MD, PhD Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission Food and Nutrition Division,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e625503460f94b5da79/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Thank you very much for your kind attention and wish all
success!