The Columbian Exchange-Period 1

• Define the Columbian Exchange and summarize it’s major effects on Europe and the Americas.

• Which of the following had the greatest impact on work or trade in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s?

1. Sugar 2. Horses 3. Wheat, Rye, and Barley 4. Rice and cotton• Briefly explain ONE long-term result of that change on

American Indians.

Big Idea Concepts• Period 1 (1491-1607): On a North American continent

controlled by American Indians, contact among the peoples of Europe, the Americas, and West Africa created a new world.

Key Ideas/Events/Dates• Native American societies before Columbus– Pueblo, Northwest, Eastern Woodland, and Plains– Diversity, some hunting and gathering and some agricultural

• Columbus to the Americas (1492)– Columbian Exchange and its effects

• Native American Resistance – Pueblo Revolt (1680)

Four Region Analysis

• Rank the regions from most true to least true for the following statements:

• Level of diversity in the region• Level of positive interactions with Native American groups• Dependence on other regions for economic growth• Influence of religion in the region on politics• Most social inequality• Highest levels of self-government• Influence of religion on way of life• Valued education for all members of society• Was the most equal

Period 2 Big Concepts• Period 2 (1607-1754): Europeans and American

Indians maneuvered and fought for dominance, control, and security in North America, and distinctive colonial and native societies emerged.

Key Ideas/Events/Dates• General goals of British, French, Dutch, and

Spanish• Development of slavery in British colonies-where,

when and why• Demographics of the colonies, including slaves• Regional differences of the colonies

Big Concepts

• Slave resistance and rebellion

The Colonial Economy

• I can explain the framework of the colonial economy, including the definitions of mercantilism, salutary neglect and the Navigation Laws.

• What’s in it for the mother country?• What’s in it for the colonists?• What problems might arise between the two groups

based on their different needs and perspectives?• Based on the map, what observations and inferences

can you make about the colonial economy?– Use See/Think/Wonder if needed

Long Essay

• 2. Evaluate the extent to which trans-Atlantic interactions from 1600 to 1763 contributed to maintaining continuity as well as fostering change in labor systems in the British North American colonies.

Continuity• Demand for labor in the colonies remained high throughout the period. • The harsh conditions of indentured servitude remained the same throughout

the period. • English beliefs in the superiority of European peoples was maintained by

colonists throughout the period. • Systems of coerced labor (English indentured labor, bound labor, African slave

labor, and Native American forced labor) remained the same throughout the period.

• People were imported for labor throughout the period; both forced migration and voluntary migration characterized the importation of labor throughout the period.

• Farming and/or other types of labor focused primarily on cash crops (tobacco, indigo, rice, and cotton) throughout the period.

• Family-farm labor and subsistence farming characterized the organization of labor in the colonies throughout the period.

• The Portuguese played a role in the slave trade throughout the period.

Change

• European demands for colonial cash crops and staple crops rose during the period.

• • Employers sought out new sources of labor during the period.

• • Employers shifted from using indentured servitude to African slave labor.

• • Indentured servitude decreased along with the increase in the use of African slave labor.

• • Race-based labor systems rose in the colonies during the period.

Change

• The plantation labor system emerged in the colonies during the period.

• The use of racial stereotyping and racial hierarchies rose among British colonists during the period.

• European imperial systems shifted from mercantilism to capitalism during the period.

• The triangular trade/trans-Atlantic slave trade rose during the period.

• The shift from the Dutch to the English as the primary slave traders took place during the period.

• British colonists shifted from farming varied cash crops to farming monoculture cash crops, especially tobacco and cotton, which impacted labor systems.

French and British1. What caused the

French and Indian War?

2. What was the outcome of the French and Indian War?

3. How did the French and Indian War contribute to tensions between the British and the American colonists?