The Colonies Develop,jb-hdnp.org/Sarver/Power_Points/USHC4.pdf · · 2010-07-12The American...
Transcript of The Colonies Develop,jb-hdnp.org/Sarver/Power_Points/USHC4.pdf · · 2010-07-12The American...
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A colonial blacksmith (late 18th century).
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The American colonies developed economically and socially during the first half of the 18th century.
The Colonies Develop,17001753
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The Colonies Develop,17001753
New England: Commerce and Religion
The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4 The Backcountry
The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery
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Section 1
New England: Commerce and ReligionFishing and trade contributed to the growth and prosperity of the New England Colonies.
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Distinct Colonial Regions Develop Between 17001750, colonial population
doubles, then doubles again
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3 regions: New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies
New England: Commerce and Religion
Backcountryregion along Appalachian Mountains
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continued Distinct Colonial Regions Develop
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Several factors make each colonial region distinct
Southern Colonieswarm climate; good soil; use enslaved African labor
Middle Coloniesshort winters, fertile soil; settlers from all over Europe
New Englandcold weather, rocky soil; mostly English settlers
Backcountryclimate, resources vary; many Scots-Irish
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The Farms and Towns of New England
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Subsistence farmingproduce enough for themselves, little extra to trade
Congregation settles the town, divides land to members of church
Farmers live near town because plots of land sold to Puritan congregation
Short growing season causes New Englanders to do subsistence farming
In towns, farmhouses center around greencentral square
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Harvesting the Sea
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Fishing provides great economic opportunity in New England
Coastal cities like Boston, Salem, New Haven, Newport grow rich
New Englands fish, timber become valuable trading articles
New Englands forest provides wood for ships
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/amer_hist_recon/resources/htmls/animations/seaport_anim/ah04_anim_neseaport.html
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Atlantic Trade
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New England has three types of trade: - with other colonies - direct exchange of goods with Europe - triangular trade
Triangular trade has three stops: - in Africa, trade goods for slaves - in West Indies, trade slaves for sugar,
molasses - take sugar, molasses back to New England
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http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/amer_hist_recon/resources/htmls/animations/ah04_anim_coltrade.html
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continued Atlantic Trade
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England passes Navigation Acts to get money from colonial trade (1651): - use English ships or ships made in English
colonies- sell products only to England and its
colonies - European imports to colonies must pass
through English ports - English officials tax colonial goods not
shipped to England
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Many colonial merchants ignore Navigational Acts
Importing or exporting goods illegallysmugglingis common
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continued Atlantic Trade
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African Americans in New England
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Few slaves in New England; slavery not economical in region
Some enslaved persons save enough to buy freedom
Some slaves hired out to work; they can keep portion of wages
Some people in town have slaves: house servants, cooks, gardeners
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Changes in Puritan Society
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In early 1700s, gradual decline of Puritan religion:- drive for economic success competes with
Puritan ideas - increasing competition from other religious
groups - legislation weakens Puritan community
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Section 2
The Middle Colonies: Farms and CitiesThe people who settled in the Middle Colonies made a society of great diversity.
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A Wealth of Resources
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Immigrants from all over Europe come to Middle Colonies
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Dutch and German farmers bring advanced agricultural methods
The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities
Long growing season, rich soil; grow cash cropscrops sold for money
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The Importance of Mills
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Take corn, wheat, rye to gristmillcrush grain to make flour, meal
Use product to bake bread; gives colonists a lot of grain in their diet
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The Cities Prosper
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Excellent harbors along coast ideal for cities
Trade also causes rapid growth in New York City
In Philadelphia trade thrives; wealth brings public improvement
Merchants in cities export cash crops, import manufactured goods
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Middle Colonies have remarkable diversity, or variety, of people
Diversity causes tolerance among people Many Germans arrive (17101740); good
farmers, craftspeople
A Diverse Region
German artisans, or craftspeople, are ironworkers; make glass, furniture
Build Conestoga wagonsgood for rough terrain; use to settle West
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A Climate of Tolerance
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Dutch and Quakers practice religious tolerance
Quakers protest slavery
Quakers believe men and women are equal, have women preachers
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African Americans in the Middle Colonies
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7 percent of Middle Colonies population are enslaved
In New York City, enslaved Africans do manual labor, assist artisans
Citys free African-Americans work as laborers, servants, sailors
Tensions lead to violence; in 1712, 24 slaves rebel; punished horribly
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The economy of the Southern Colonies relied heavily on slave labor.
Section 3
The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery
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The Plantation Economy
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Soil, climate ideal for plantation crops; need a lot of workers to grow
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Plantations self-sufficient; large cities rare in Southern Colonies
The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery
Growing plantation economy causes planters to use enslaved African labor
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The Turn to Slavery
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In mid-1600s, Africans and European indentured servants work fields
Planters use more enslaved African laborers
Try to force Native Americans to work; they die of disease or run away
Indentured servants leave plantations and buy their own farms
By 1750, 235,000 enslaved Africans in America; 85 percent live in South
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Plantations Expand
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Slavery grows, allows plantation farming to expand
Eliza Lucas introduces indigo as a plantation crop
Enslaved workers do back-breaking labor; make rice plantations possible
On high ground, planters grow indigoplant that yields a blue dye
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The Planter Class
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Enslaved labor makes planters richer; planters form elite class
Planter class controls much land; gains economic, political power
Small farmers cannot compete, move west
Some planters are concerned about their enslaved workers welfare
Many planters are tyrants, abuse their enslaved workers
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Life Under Slavery
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Planters hire overseers to watch over and direct work of slaves
Enslaved people live in small cabins, given meager food
Enslaved workers do exhausting work 15 hours a day in peak harvest
Africans preserve customs and beliefs from their homeland
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Africans fight against enslavement; purposely work slowly, damage goods
Stono Rebellion (1739):- 20 slaves kill several planter families - join other slaves, seek freedom in Spanish-
held Florida - white militia captures rebellious slaves,
executes them
Resistance to Slavery
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Stono and other rebellions lead planters to make slave codes stricter
Illegal for slaves to meet with free blacks
Slaves now forbidden from leaving plantations without permission
continued Resistance to Slavery
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Section 4
The BackcountrySettlers moved to the Backcountry because land was cheap and plentiful.
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Geography of the Backcountry
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Appalachian Mountainseastern Canada south to Alabama
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Backcountry in or near Appalachian Mountains Begins at fall linewhere waterfalls block
movement farther upriver
The Backcountry
Beyond fall line is piedmontplateau leads to Appalachian range
Backcountrys resources make farming possible
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Backcountry Settlers
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First Europeans trade with Native Americans
Farmers live in log cabins made of logs with mud, moss filling
Then farmers follow, often clash with Native Americans
Many farmers go to Backcountry to escape plantation system
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The Scots-Irish
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Scots-Irish come from the border area between Scotland and England
Form clanslarge groups of families with a common ancestor
To escape hardships, Scots-Irish head to Backcountry
Clan members suspicious of outsiders, band together against danger
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Backcountry Life
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Backcountry farmers are isolated, depend on themselves
Women work in cabins, fields; learn to use guns and axes
Hunt, fish, grow corn to feed families, livestock
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Other Peoples in North America
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Native Americans live in Americas for thousands of years
Spanish colonists bring horses to Americas; Native Americans start riding
France and Spain claim a lot of territory in North America
Backcountry settlers often fight with Native Americans
French traders afraid English settlers will move west, take away trade
In 1718 Spaniards build fort to guard mission (later renamed the Alamo)
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Advanced US History Mr. Sarver
Chapter 4 Interactive Quiz/Game
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