The colonial experience
description
Transcript of The colonial experience
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Exploration of the New World: SPAIN
• The 1500s was the century of SPAIN
• Why?
• GOLD, GLORY, & GOD
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GOLD: Desire to find a trade route to
India/Southeast Asia to break the Italian/Arab monopoly on the
spice trade
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Age of Discovery
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/vasco.html
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GLORY: The desire for adventure, born
out of the Renaissance
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GOD: The desire to convert native “heathens” to Christianity
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DEVELOPMENTS
• Columbus discovers the “New World” in 1492
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DEVELOPMENTS
• Ponce de Leon explores and names Florida in 1513
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DEVELOPMENTS
• Cortez conquers the Aztecs of Mexico
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DEVELOPMENTS
• Conquistadores explore southwest & California coast
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Exploration of the New World: ENGLAND
• 1600s was the century of ENGLAND
• How?
• The defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588
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DEVELOPMENTS• Why?
• Religious Persecution
• The Great Puritan Migration:
1625 - 1628
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THE FIRST COLONIES
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First attempt at colonization: Sir Walter Raleigh,
The Lost Colony, in 1587
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First permanent colony:Jamestown, VA
1607
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It would not be until 1733 when all 13 English Colonies were
established
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Colony – a group of people in one place who are ruled by a
parent country elsewhere
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Regions
New England
SouthernMiddle
Colonial
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Southern Colonies
• Virginia (Jamestown) 1607
• Maryland 1632• Carolina 1660’s• Georgia 1730’s
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Common Characteristics of Southern Colonies
• Spread Out •• Plantation Economic System •
• Land and Crops are not rotated ••Cash Crops•
• Slave Labor •• County form of local government •• Less well organized churches and
schools •
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Agriculture was the primary economic activity in the southern colonies.
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Farmers specialized in raising a single cash crop
(grown for sale rather than farmer’s use)
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Indentured servants (agreed to work for planters in the colonies in exchange for
passage to America) early members of the colonial workforce.
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African slaves eventually became the primary source of plantation labor.
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Wealthy planters dominated the South’s economic, social, and political life.
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Women could not vote or own property.However, they were valuable sources of
labor on farms and plantations.
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Indentured servants had few rights while in bondage, and faced hardships
afterward
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Slaves were treated as property and forced to work for life without pay.
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Virginia 1607
(Jamestown
) • John Smith 1610• John Rolfe
(tobacco)• 1619 House of
Burgesses• First Black
Workers Arrives• 1620 Women
Arrive
Carolina 1660’s
• Charter from Charles II
• North is more Democratic
• South is more Economically advanced with port in Charleston
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Jamestown, VAThe first permanent colony
The Virginia Company chose a governor & council to run Jamestown
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Jamestown survived because of TOBACCO
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The House of Burgesses (1619) – 22 men met w/ governor to advise him; the
beginnings of colonial self-government
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The House of Burgesses was the first representative body in the New World
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The House of Burgesses is an example of representative democracy
(Indirect democracy)
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Historic Charleston, SC
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Georgia 1730’s
Maryland 1632
• James Oglethorpe
• Debtors from British prisons
• Gets support from British to keep Spanish at bay
• Haven for Catholics• Maryland
Toleration Act - for Christian settlers 1649
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Remember: Maryland was a haven for CATHOLICS (land of Queen Mary)
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• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New Hampshire
New England ColoniesNew England Colonies
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Common Characteristics of Common Characteristics of New England ColoniesNew England Colonies
Rocky Soil / Subsistence FarmingGood HarborsNo Frontier TownsFew ImmigrantsLess TolerantGood RiversTown Meetings
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Massachusetts
• Pilgrims 1620 separatist Plymouth
• Mayflower Compact• Theocracy• Puritans 1630 Boston• John Winthrop• Absorb Plymouth by
1690
Rhode Island
• Roger Williams
•Baptists could not stand how Native Americans were treated•Close to Religious Freedom
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Pilgrims landed in Plymouth Rock, MA in 1620
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Plymouth was the second permanent colony in the New World
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Plymouth colony recreated
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The Mayflower Compact
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Signing of the Mayflower Compact
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The Mayflower Compact established that the 41 men would make
the laws for the community
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The Mayflower Compact established a direct democracy
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The legacy of the Mayflower Compact in New England is town hall meetings
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The Puritans
• The Pilgrims were Puritans• The Puritans were followers of John Calvin• They wanted to establish a theocracy – a
government run to enforce the laws of God• NO separation between Church & State• The Puritans wanted to establish a model
Christian society• The Puritans persecuted and drove out non-
believers
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The Puritans
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Connecticut
• Outcast from Mass.• Conn. New Haven
Thomas Hooker• Fundamental Order
of Connecticut, which was the 1st Constitution written.
New Hampshire
• Broke away from Mass. due to fur traders and trappers
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The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut:First Colonial Constitution (1639)
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A diversified economy developed in New England.
Rocky soil and cold temperatures limited farming.
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Good harbors led to shipbuilding, fishing, and iron production
(major industries)Industries growth of cities problems
(sanitation, overcrowding, etc)
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Merchants and business owners were the most powerful members of society.
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The absence of large-scale agriculture meant fewer slaves were brought to the
NorthFree blacks were common, but enjoyed
fewer rights than whites
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Less tolerant due to Puritan influence
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Middle Colonies
• Pennsylvania
• New York• New Jersey• Delaware
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Common Characteristics of Middle Colonies
• “Bread Basket”• Most fertile soil
(Penn & New York)• Good harbors and
rivers• Immigration in
1700’s led to diverse
population• Town meeting and
County government
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Pennsylvania
• Quaker have started by William Penn
• 1682 founded Philadelphia
New York
• Taken from the Dutch New Holland, turned over to the British Duke of York
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New Jersey
• Grant of land to two proprietors
Delaware
• Founded by Swedes taken over by Penn.
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Characteristics of ALL Characteristics of ALL ColoniesColonies
• Better off economicallyBetter off economically• Highest standard of livingHighest standard of living
• More Religious and Political More Religious and Political FreedomFreedom
• Economic OpportunitiesEconomic Opportunities• Same rights as British (according Same rights as British (according
to Jamestown Charter)to Jamestown Charter)• 3000 miles away from “Home” 3000 miles away from “Home”
(Britain)(Britain)
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The colonists had no separate identity
(the development of an “American” identity will come later)
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Religion in the colonies
• Although many colonists came to America seeking religious freedom, it was hard to find.
• Many colonies had an “official” church (Puritan in New England, Anglican in Virginia, etc.)
• Challenging the authority or beliefs of the church could lead to severe punishment or expulsion.
• Great Awakening – 1740s religious revival creation of new churches, greater religious toleration, and new colleges (Princeton, Brown)
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Education in the Colonies
• New England – universal education so everyone could read the Bible and understand the laws.
• Middle Colonies – Education was widespread, but not universal.
• Southern Colonies – limited to children of wealthy; distances between farms made schooling difficult.
• Most women received little formal education.• Early colleges founded to train men for
ministry.