THE COLD WAR ENDS
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Transcript of THE COLD WAR ENDS
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THE COLD WARENDS
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In the 1980s, new U.S. President Ronald Reagan helped win the Cold
War against the Soviet Union
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President Reagan’s strong anti-communist policies and the
collapse of communist economies
brought the Cold War to an end by 1991 Reagan took a strong
stand against the USSR, calling it “an evil empire”
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To restore America’s position as a dominant superpower, Reagan spent over TWO
TRILLION DOLLARS on the American military
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Reagan’s most ambitious program was the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), called “Star Wars”: satellites
designed to protect the U.S. from missile attacks
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Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1982, at a time when the USSR was
facing serious problems
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Communism did not offer incentives for hard work; by the 1980s, the USSR had low industrial and agricultural production
“The government pretends to
pay us, and we pretend to
work.”
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The USSR spent 50% of its budget on the military: the arms race, fighting an expensive war in Afghanistan, and maintaining troops
and tanks in Eastern Europe
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Soviet leaders faced the impossible task of competing with SDI and taking the arms race into space
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The Soviet government restricted freedom of speech and did not allow
democratic elections, so no alternative opinions were offered
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Gorbachev recognized that communism was failing; he
wanted to make reforms
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Gorbachev began three
major reforms to
save the communist system in the Soviet
Union
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Gorbachev introduced glasnost (“openness”) to encourage freedom of
speech and to allow expression of new ideas
“Be Bold, Comrade! Openness
Is Our Strength!”
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Perestroika relaxed some government
controls over farms and factories to make
production more efficient; it allowed
citizens to open small businesses
Democratization allowed citizens to
vote for Communist politicians
(but Communists only)“Don't Be Afraid of Work.”
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In addition to his economic
reforms, Gorbachev
changed Soviet
foreign policy
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Reagan’s SDI plan forced Gorbachev to admit that the USSR could not afford to
keep up with arms race
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Gorbachev withdrew Soviet tank divisions from the communist
nations in Eastern Europe
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In 1989, Gorbachev ended the nine year war in Afghanistan
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Reagan was able to work with Gorbachev to reduce Cold War tensions
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In 1987, Reagan and Gorbachev agreed to disarm all medium-range ICBMs
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Rather than saving the communist
system in the USSR and Eastern
Europe, Gorbachev’s
reforms helped bring an end to
communism
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In 1989, a surge of democratic revolution swept through the Eastern European
communist satellites
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Gorbachev did not use the Soviet military to stop these revolutions
Eastern European nations broke from Soviet control and
created democracies
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In November 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down by celebrating East Berliners and West
Berliners; this was the symbolic end of communism and the Cold War
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Ethnic nationalism and desire for democracy led to the break-up of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991
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In 1990, the Soviet states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania declared
independence from the Soviet Union
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In 1991, the Soviet Union broke apart and 15 new nations were formed
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The Death of the Soviet Union
The break-up of the
Soviet Union in 1991
marked the true end of
the Cold War
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WHAT CAUSED THE USSR TO BREAK UP AND COMMUNISM TO FALL?
Reagan’s strong stand against the communism and
outspending the USSR in the arms race they could not afford
Gorbachev’s introduction of reforms
made the flaws of communism as an
economic system clear to the Russian people
Gorbachev allowing Eastern European countries to have a taste of democracy and freedom made those countries want
more; they broke free of the Soviets’ influence
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Revamped and redone by
Christopher Jaskowiak
Thanks to Brooks Baggett for several of the slides