The Cold War

Deepens

15.2 The Early Cold War Years (Appleby 540-545)

Today’s Agenda

• Begin 15.2

• Presentations begin Monday

• Homework– Read 15.2– Be ready for a

reading quiz

Let’s Review

• What is Containment?

• What did Churchill mean by “iron curtain”?

• What is the Truman Doctrine?

• What was the Marshall Plan?

• What is Wirtschaftswunder?

Why was Berlin a major point of contention in the Cold War?

• Berlin was divided into Zones– Was within Soviet

controlled Germany– (Stalin) Resented

democratic outpost• Soviets tried to force all

Berliners to use their currency

• Blockaded the city and shut off power

• 2 million West Berliners held hostage– Running out of food,

water, medicine

What would you do if you were Truman?

• Write a list of options.

• Circle the best course of action.

How did Truman deal with the Crisis in Berlin?• His Options

– Order troops to break through• Risk starting WWIII

– Give it up to Stalin• Domino Effect

• “We are going to stay- period.”• Berlin Airlift Berlin Airlift • Took advantage of air corridors

and started an airlift of needed supplies– Flew milk, food, etc. for 11

months– Planes landed every 11 minutes

• Results– Raised American status in the

world– Stalin lifted the blockade after

11 months

Berlin Airlift

Newspaper Headline• Write a headline, subheading and

paragraph that reflects the historical moment of this photograph.

Citizen of Berlin watching American planes loaded with supplies land, Summer 1948.

Today’s Agenda

• Collect Homework

• Review

• NATO Presentation

• Finish 15.2

• Homework

• Review your notes

Let’s Review• What is the term for the hostility between the US and

USSR that emerged after WWII?• Describe the condition of USSR after WWII.• How was Truman different from FDR?• What did the Potsdam agreement do with

Germany/Berlin?• Why was Berlin a major point of tension during the

Cold War?• What is the term for the prison like atmosphere of

Soviet-controlled Europe?• How did Truman handle the Soviet blockade of Berlin?

NATO Presentation

What is NATO? • After Berlin Crisis US

formed alliances• North Atlantic Treaty

Organization– Alliance of 12

nations formed to stop the spread of communism

– An attack on one An attack on one nation is considered nation is considered an attack on allan attack on all

• Soviets responded by forming the Warsaw Warsaw PactPact

What was the result of the civil war in China?

• US supported anticommunist named Chiang Kai Shek– Truman gave Shek $3 billion in aid– Told him to clean up corruption– Shek ignored Truman

• Mao Zedong (communist leader)– Gave peasants land and set up

police force– Peasants felt protected by Mao

• Mao won in 1949• US feared Soviets would dominate

all of Asia and that communism would spread– Domino Effect– Was containment failing?

Red China

Why did North Korea invade South Korea?• Korea taken over by

Japan during WWII• After war:

– Divided between Soviets (North) and Americans (South) along the 38th parallel

• Plan was to eventually reunite Korea

• But under which kind of government would it have?

• North Korea had been militarized & communized by Soviets

• North invaded South June 1950

Describe the Korean War.• Known as the Accordion War or

Forgotten War• Truman got UN to support

military action against N. Korea– USSR not present to veto

• UN forces were driven back to S. Eastern coast (Pusan)

• MacArthur led naval invasion near Inchon Sept. 1950

• Drove N. Korea back across Chinese border

• BUT THEN• Chinese attacked UN forces

and drove them back to 38th parallel in Nov.1950

• War became stalemate

Why did Truman fire MacArthur?• MacArthur

– Wanted to use nuclear weapons on China

– Issued China an ultimatumultimatum as Truman was trying to negotiate a cease fire

– publicly criticized Truman for fighting a limited war

• ““In war there is no In war there is no substitute for victory.”substitute for victory.”

• Truman– Fired (MacArthur) for

Insubordination• Very unpopular decision Very unpopular decision

(to fire MacArthur)– War with China would likely

lead to war with Soviet Union also or weaken US position in Europe

I fired MacArthur because he wouldn’t respect the authority of the president. I didn’t fire him because he was a dumb son of a b****, although he was. — Harry S. Truman

If we lose the war to communism in Asia the fall of Europe is inevitable, win it and Europe most probably would avoid war and yet preserve freedom. As you pointed out, we must win. There is no substitute for victory.---- MacArthur

What would you do?

Was Truman correct in firing MacArthur or

should he have followed his advice and

bomb China?

MacArthur and the Korean War

What were the results of the Korean War?• Fought to a stalemate from

July ’51 to July ’53• Armistice declared by 1954• Korea divided along the 38th

parallel– North= communist– South= democratic

• Started Arms race– US drastically increased

defense spending– Had 3.5 million men in

military– 750 nuclear warheads– Began aiding democratic

forces in Vietnam