THE COLD WAR 1945-1990. KEY TERMS CONTAINMENT IRON CURTAIN SATELLITE NATION IDEOLOGY SUPERPOWER...
Transcript of THE COLD WAR 1945-1990. KEY TERMS CONTAINMENT IRON CURTAIN SATELLITE NATION IDEOLOGY SUPERPOWER...
THE COLD WAR1945-1990
KEY TERMS CONTAINMENT IRON CURTAIN SATELLITE NATION IDEOLOGY SUPERPOWER ARMS RACE TRUMAN DOCTRINE MARSHALL PLAN BERLIN AIRLIFT
HUAC BLACKLIST McCARTHYISM KOREAN WAR 38th PARALLEL PEACEFUL
COEXISTENCE
ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR Before World War II, Americans feared
communism. The U.S./Soviet Union Alliance was only out of
necessity. Stalin and U.S. Military Officials often argued
over strategy.(Stalin wanted an invasion of Europe before 1944)
Both competed to build the atomic bomb first.
EAST-WEST SPLIT TWO SUPERPOWERS: UNITED STATES
AND SOVIET UNION U.S.: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC/FREE-
ENTERPRISE CAPITALISM SOVIET UNION:
COMMUNISM/TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP
UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS: HARRY S. TRUMAN (1945-1952) DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (1953-59) JOHN F. KENNEDY (1960-63)
SOVIET UNION
LEADERS: Joseph Stalin (1928-1953) Nikita Kruschev (1955-1964) Lenoid Breshnev (during 1970’s)
THE IRON CURTAIN FALLS ON EUROPE
CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR-Soviet Union refuses to live up to wartime promises.- United States makes efforts to stop spread of Communism.
GERMANY DIVIDED
Agreement from the Yalta and Potsdam Conference
Zones of Occupation:-British Zone-French Zone-U.S. Zone-Soviet Zone
THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM
Stalin justified control of Eastern Europe to defend the Soviet Union from historically common attacks from Germany.
Stalin instilled communist governments in many of the Eastern European nations.
America feared that Western Europe was next.
TRUMAN AND CHURCHILL Truman:“Unless Russia is
faced with an iron fist and strong language, another war is in the making.”
Churchill:“From Strettin in the
Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent.”
U.S. POLICY ON COMMUNISM
CONTAINMENT (created by American diplomat George F. Kennan)
TRUMAN DOCTRINE (1947):$400 MILLION AID TO GREECE/TURKEY
MARSHALL PLAN(1948-1951):$13 BILLION AID TO RECOVERING EUROPEAN NATIONS
COLD WAR POLITICAL CARTOONS
CRISIS IN BERLIN Berlin was divided
into four zones just as Germany.
Democratic zones developed and a communist zone, under Soviet control, developed.
SOVIETS BLOCK TRAFFIC June 1948 Stalin
ordered the blockade of all roads, railroads, and river traffic into West Berlin.
Citizens were cutoff from food and supplies.
TRIMAN ORDERS BERLIN AIRLIFT
Air strips were not blockaded.
U.S. plan to airlift supplies into Berlin.
7,000 tons of supplies were lifted daily.
Airlift last until May 1949
May 12, 1949 Stalin ordered the blockade lifted
NEW ALLINANCES
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization- new military alliance to secure democratic nations (April 1949)
WARSAW Pact: military alliance with the communist countries of eastern Europe (1955)
SECOND RED SCARE
Soviet Union develops Atomic Bomb in 1949.
Increases the concerns for many Americans and fear of communism
Communism spread to China when Mao Zedong seized control of China.
FIGHTING COMMUNISM AT HOME
House Un-American Activites Committee (HUAC)
Investigate mostly communist activities inside the United States.
Most famous investigation was Hollywood Ten
MAJOR SPY CASES Alger Hiss, 1948-
placed communist in government positions.
Klaus Fuchs, 1950- sent atomic bomb info to Soviets.
Ethel and Julius Rosenburg, 1951- passed military secrets to the Soviet Union
McCARTHYISM Tactic of spreading
fear and making baseless charges that government officials were communist.
Senator McCarthy accused many government officials of being communist.
THE KOREAN WAR
1945 Yalta Conference: Allies agreed to divide Japanese occupied Korea along the 38th parallel.
Communist North Korea/Democratic South Korea
Goal was to reunify the two nations.
THE CRISIS BEGINS June 25, 1950 100,000
N. Korean troops invaded S. Korea.
President Truman felt that the U.S. had to take a stand against Communism.
North Korea captured the capital city of Seoul.
TRUMAN ORDERS ACTION June 30 Truman
orders ground troops into South Korea with the support of 15 other nations.
Forces were under command of General Douglas MacArthur
MAC ARTHUR COUNTERS
U.S. forces countered the North Koreans with an invasion at Inchon on September 15th 1950.
By October 1st South Korea was back under control.
North Korea responded with Chinese military forces.
THE END FOR MAC ARHTUR
By 1951 Mac Arthur wanted to expand the war into China and use atomic weapons.
This is where Truman and Mac Arthur differed.
Mac Arthur openly challenged the President.
Truman fires Mac Arthur in April 1951
FIGHTING ENDS IN KOREA Truman’s efforts
for a peace treaty failed.
Eisenhower wins 1953 election.
Korea looked as it did before the war.
37,000 American troops died.