The Cloudy and Hazy World Seen by Steve Schneider

V. RamanathanScripps Institution of Oceanography

La Jolla, California

Schneider SymposiumBoulder, Colo, Aug 25, 2011

Earth Radiation Budget Experiment: { Joined Team in 1975}Originally proposed by Suomi; the Expt awarded to NASA-Langley

Ramanathan, Barkstrom and Harrison, Physics Today, 1989

341

99238

Ramanathan, Barkstrom and Harrison, Phys Today, 1989Kim and Ramanathan, 2006

25 Wm

37

-66-49

-31 37, SCHNEIDER, 1972

-66 SCHNEIDER, 1972

Clouds switch from cooling to warming at high Latitudes in winter

SCHNEIDER,1972

Ramanathan et al: 1989; 1995; 2006SCHNEIDER,1972

The Copenhagen Accord for Limiting Global Warming:Criteria, Constraints and Available Avenues

Ramanathan and Xu, Submitted to PNAS, 2010

 A Grand Climate Change and Mitigation Experiment

Providing Clean Cooking and Lighting Technologies and documenting their impacts on Air pollution, Climate

Forcing, Health Exposure Indoors and outdoors

V. Ramanathan and the Surya Team

November 14 2006 December 21 2001

Ramanathan 2007NASA-MODIS

Intense Atmospheric Solar Heating: Melting of Glaciers; Disruption of Monsoon

Dimming of Surface:Decreasing evaporation; Decreasing Monsoon Rainfall

Deposition of BC on Snow Melting of Glaciers

500,000 deaths from indoor Smoke

More than 60% of BC emissionsIs from biomass burning

Millions of Tons of crop damages

Eliminating Cooking Smoke can have dramatic Impact on Air Pollution & ClimateRamanathan and Carmichael, 2008

Simulated Column Black Carbon

2000 to 2005, as is 2000-2005 Without BC from Cooking

Global (Annual Values):CO2 Released : 1 B Ton (WB-2011)Black Carbon (40 Yr GWP) : 1 B to 4 B Ton CO2

CO (Ozone Precursor) : ??

Regional (S Asia) Himalayan Glaciers Retreat : 30%Monsoon Decrease (7%) : 60%Precipitation effncy : ??Crop Damages : 5 Mt of Rain fed Rice AloneWater Security : ?????

Fuel wood(344); Crops(76); Dung (75) Tg/Yr

The Game Changer : Cookstove Climate Mitigation Potential

We need to Reduce CO2 emissions by 20 B Tons/Yr by 2050 to limit warming to 2C. Will Cost $46 Trillion from now to 2050 (IEA)

What is Surya: A Climate Change Science, Health& Sustainability Experiment

Demonstration Phase: >10000 households

Pilot Phase: 485 households

EOS-Satellites

Indoor and Outdoor BC

Why the Brown Color?

Wavelength (nm)

Nor

mal

ized

Abs

Coe

fft

Surya ObservationsRehman et al, ACPD 2011

Over S. Asia, the simulated BC is a factor of 3 to 10 Lower

Diurnal variation of seasonal mean BC concentration at SVI_1 village centre (VC).

Seasonal Variation in BC Concentrations: Comparison with Climate Models

SimulatedGanguly etAl, 2010

SimulatedMenon et al, 2010

Have Identified the Technology that reduces BC emissionsKar et al, 2011

Monthly mean LIDAR extinction profiles (532 nm) from CALIPSO for the grid (26–27N and 80–82E) for post-monsoon, dry and pre-monsoon seasons, respectively. SVI_1 is located within this grid.

How Deep Does the Soot aerosols Penetrate?NASA-CALIPSO Data

DEC to FEBOCT to NOV March to May

25

Monitoring Stove BC Emissions Using Mobile Phones

Filter, placed on reference template

25 mm

Results sent back via SMS

Picture sent to server

Micro-Pump and Filter

N Ramanathan, et al, Atm Environment, 2011

Innovations

• $500 per unit, ultra low power.

• Low-tech: works with any camera cellphone.

• Real-time reporting.

Indoor and Outdoor BC

Why the Brown Color?

Wavelength (nm)

Nor

mal

ized

Abs

Coe

fft

Surya ObservationsRehman et al, ACPD 2011

Ground Based Observations

SURYASustainability Science ImplementationDiffusion Adoption

Grand Climate Change

Expt

C

Energy Technologies

Human-environment Interactions

Air Pollution & Health Impacts

Outstanding Problems that are within the scope of Surya

Wireless data collection on massive scale

Translating KnowledgeInto Action