The Classical Age of Greece
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Transcript of The Classical Age of Greece
The Classical Age of Greece
Golden Age of Athens, Persian Wars, and the Peloponnesian War
ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY• Solon – Revised laws. Outlawed debt slavery
and tried to reduce poverty by encouraging trade.
• Cleisthenes – Divided Athens into 10 tribes that became the basis for elections. (Credited for creating Democracy)
• Democracy?…Really?– Women, children, immigrants, slaves could NOT
particpate.– 10% of population participated.
• Athens used a Direct Democracy where people voted directly on issues.– Why not used in United States?
Persian Wars• First Persian Invasion– Marathon (Phalanx)
• Athens beats Persia (Darius).
• Second Persian Invasion– Thermopylae
• Small Greek force held back large Persian force for 3 days. (Xerxes)
– Salamis (Naval Battle)• Persia lost and were stuck
in Greece.
• Greece Wins Persian Wars!
Golden Age of Athens
• Athens & Delian League– Alliance of Greek city-states
that was controlled by Athens.– Parthenon was built from $
from Delian League.
• Pericles– Skilled politician who
encouraged the spreading of democracy.
– Commissioned the building of the Parthenon.
ACROPOLIS
PARTHENON
TEMPLE OF
ATHENA NIKE
ERECTHEION
Pericles’ 3 Goals for Athens• 1. Stronger Democracy: Increased the
number of paid public officials to strengthen democracy.– Athens had more citizen engaged in self-
government than any other city-state.
• 2. Athenian Empire: Enlarged the wealth and power of Athens .– Used $ to build 200 navy ships.
• 3. Glorifying Athens: Used $ from the Empire to beautify Athens by buying gold, ivory, marble.
• Greeks invented 2 types of drama (tragedy & comedy) and built first theaters in the west.
• Parthenon was a 23,000 sq. ft. building which contained the statue of Athena inside.
• Athena stood 38 feet tall and was made of gold and ivory.
• The Greeks values of order, balance, and proportions became the standard of classical art.
• Tried to capture grace of the human body in their art.
Greek Styles in Art & Greek Drama
• Declared war in 431 B.C.– Athens: Naval Ships– Sparta: Stronger Soldiers
• Plague killed almost two-third of Athenian population.
• Athenians had a wall that kept out the Spartans.
• After 18 years, Spartans took down the wall.
• 404 B.C. Athens surrendered & changed their political program.
Spartans & Athenians Go to War
• Philosophers are people who determined to seek truth.
• They based assumptions on:– 1. Universe is put together in orderly way with subject
absolute and unchanging laws.– 2. People understand laws through logic and reason.
• Socrates who believed that absolute standards exist through truth & justice (Socratic Method)– Went to trial for corrupting youth of Athens.
• Plato was a student of Socrates and famous work is called “The Republic”
• Aristotle questioned nature of world and human belief and created scientific method.
Philosophers Search for Truth