THE CRUSADES

The clash of Christianity and Islam

Power and Religion

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Seljuk Turks invaded Jerusalem and parts of Greece. This upset Byzantine Emperor Comnemnus (eastside) who asked the Pope (westside) for help in rallying Christians to send in knights to regain Jerusalem.

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What:

Who:

Where:

Crusade is Christian term for holy war. Jihad is Muslim.

Crusaders were commoners & knights from all over Europe

Marched from W. Europe to Jerusalem

CRUSADER’S ROUTESOther images http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/1674812/posts

WH

Y?

Everyone has their own reasons to join in:

Pope Urban II wants to unite all E&W Christians under one flag – Power!

REASONSKnights want to gain honor, grab good loot, go to heaven, well trained for it

COMMONER’S GOALSCommoners believed God would love them more if they fought for Christianity

MERCHANT’S GOALS Christian

Merchants wanted to fund Crusades in order to keep their favorite trade routes open; route were often under Muslim control.

THE BATTLESTHERE WERE 8 MAJOR BATTLES AND MANY SMALLER ONES

A. FIRST CRUSADE - 1097 – 1099 AD Purpose:

Muslims had control of Jerusalem. Christians wanted it.

Outcome: Christians took Jerusalem by killing many Muslims and Jews

B. SECOND CRUSADE – 1147 AD

When (Background): 1144 AD – Muslims took Edessa, north of Jerusalem

Purpose: Christians, led by French King Louis VII and his wife Eleanor tried to take Edessa back.

Outcome: Christians lost, gained no lands

C. THIRD CRUSADE – 1189-1192Purpose: Christians were driven out of Jerusalem and wanted it back from the Muslims

Christian Players: Richard the Lionhearted of

England Philip Augustus of France –

couldn’t get along with Richard, so he went home

Frederick (AKA Barbarosa) of Germany – drowned en route

Salah ad-Din (or Saladin)

SALAH AD-DIN (OR SALADIN)

Best known Muslim Warrrior

OUTCOME OF THIRD CRUSADE

Muslims held onto the territories, but agreed to a truce which allowed Christians to visit the holy lands.