The Civil War Period 1845-1880. The Lead-up to the War John Brown’s Raid —Brown and his...
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Transcript of The Civil War Period 1845-1880. The Lead-up to the War John Brown’s Raid —Brown and his...
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The Civil War Period
1845-1880
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The Lead-up to the War
• John Brown’s Raid —Brown and his followers killed 5 proslavery men in Kansas in 1856. In 1859 he tries to stage an uprising at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, hoping to free African American slaves. He is captured, tried, and executed.
• Republicans opposed the expansion of slavery westward, and with the election of Abraham Lincoln, 7 states succeeded from the Union
• The attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 was the first hostile attack of the war
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The War Between the North and South
• The 23 Northern states, primarily anti-slavery, were known as The Union States and included states such as Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont
• The 11 Southern states, primarily pro-slavery, were known as The Confederate States and included states such as Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, the Carolinas, Louisiana, Maryland, Tennessee, and the Virginias
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The Two Opposing Leaders
Abraham Lincoln
President of the United States of
America
Jefferson Davis
President of The Confederate States of
America
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Two Opposing Generals
General Ulysses S. Grant
Of the Federal Army
General Robert E. Lee
Of the Confederate Army
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Going to War
Just like…
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The war sometimes
pitted brother against
brother. Whole
families were shattered by
the war of the states.
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Utter Devastation on Both Sides
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Civil War Field Hospital
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Important Dates and Battles
• April 6-7, 1862– The Battle of Shiloh
• September 17, 1862– The Battle of Antietam
• January 1, 1863– The Emancipation Proclamation is signed by Abraham Lincoln, freeing all slaves in rebellious states
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Important Dates Cont’d
• July 1-3, 1863– The Battle of Gettysburg
--the turning point of the war, the Confederacy loses its hold in the war
• April 9,1865—Lee surrenders, war ends
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The Numbers
• The Union had 2,200,000 soldiers, while the Confederacy had 1,064,000.
• 110,000 Union were killed in action, with a total of 360,000 killed; 275,000 were wounded
• 93,000 Confederates were killed in action, with a total of 258,000 killed; 137,000 were wounded
• Around 6,000,000 total die
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The Aftermath
• For 11 years after the war, America went through a period of Reconstruction
• The economy grew and industry in the North expanded; since most of the war had taken place in the South, they essentially had to start rebuilding from the bottom
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During This Time
• From 1846-1857, the consumption of alcohol is outlawed in 13 sates
• The sewing machine is invented
• Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone in 1876
• Levi’s denim blue jeans become popular
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Baseball becomes a popular pastime—the Cincinnati Red Stockings becomes the first
all-professional team
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What People Are Writing
• Letters and Diaries —to record daily lives during the war
• Memoirs —Soldiers and civilians publish these to give day-to-day details of major events of the war
• Works that are more realistic than romantic
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WHY DO YOU NEED TO KNOW THIS?
• To compare the lives and events of soldiers and civilians in the past to those of today
• To understand the inner workings of one of America’s most important wars and gain perspective of those on all sides