The Civil War Chapter 15: Part 1. Warm Up: Question: What event started the American Civil War?
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Transcript of The Civil War Chapter 15: Part 1. Warm Up: Question: What event started the American Civil War?
The South had taken over several U.S. military forts in South Carolina. (Federal Property)
Lincoln tried to send supplies to Ft. Sumter, not weapons
The Confederacy debated about trying to capture the fort by force. They also questioned whether it was the Confederate government’s decision, or South Carolina’s decision. In response, the Confederate Cabinet, meeting in Montgomery, decided on April 9 to open fire on Fort Sumter in an attempt to force its surrender before the
relief fleet arrived. Only Secretary of State, Robert Toombs opposed this decision: he reportedly told Jefferson Davis the attack "will lose us every friend in the North. You will strike a hornet's nest.... Legions now quiet will swarm out and sting us to death. It is unnecessary. It puts us in the
wrong. It is fatal.”
The original The original Confederate CabinetConfederate Cabinet
L-R: L-R: Judah P. Benjamin, , Stephen Mallory, , Christopher Memminger, , Alexander Stephens, , LeRoy Pope Walker, , Jefferson Davis, , John H. Reagan and and Robert Toombs.Robert Toombs.
P.G.T. Beauregard and the South Win!
A bloodless battle
Major Robert Anderson surrendered
PGT Beauregard (left; CSA from Louisiana) had class under
Major Robert Anderson (right; USA; a pro-slavery Kentuckian who was loyal to the Union) at
West Point.There was only one casualty..A Confederate horse.
During a 100-gun salute to the U.S. flag—Anderson’s one condition for withdrawal—a pile of cartridges
blew up from a spark, killing one soldier and seriously injuring the rest of the gun crew. This was the only confirmed fatality from the siege. The salute was stopped at fifty shots. Anderson lowered the Fort Sumter flag and took it with him to the North, where it became a widely known symbol of the battle, and a
rallying point for supporters of the Union.
A great deal of destruction occurred at Fort Sumter and
the Confederates were excited to fly their new flag
over the fort.
After the attack the South gained momentum.
North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia seceded!
Western Virginia disagreed and seceded from Virginia. They became
part of the Union. (statehood came in 1863)
MARYLAND
•Cut off U.S. capital if they leave the Union
•Contained important railroad lines
•Close to Richmond
KENTUCKY
•Ohio River control ; which would help troop Ohio River control ; which would help troop and supply movementand supply movement
The End Result…
• All four border states decided to remain with the Union.
• However, many citizens from these states left to fight for the Confederacy.
• These decisions served as a victory for the Union.
Warm Up:
Question: What were the four border states and name one reason why each state was important?
Answer:
Maryland: cut off capital, railroad, close to Richmond
Delaware: factories, guns
Kentucky: Control of the Ohio River
Missouri: Control of the Mississippi River
Civil War: Four Square
1. ) Use your textbook to identify advantages and weaknesses of the North and the South. Page 514
Advantages of the North during
the Civil War
Factories: Most factories were in the North.
This allowed the North to have ALL of the supplies they needed to fight the war. Ex: Hammers, Guns, Shovels, Wagons, etc.
Railroads:
The North had twice as much railroad track as the South. This also allowed for better communication (telegraph lines)
Farm land:The North had almost twice as much farm land as the South. They could produce food for the soldiers. The South had cash crops-not food.
Population:
More peoplelived in theNorth. Thismeant moremen to fight.(approx. 23 million to 9 million)
Money &Banking:More
moneyand a
betterorganizedbankingsystem During the course of the war
Confederate money became worthless.
Inflation was so high in the South a bar of soap cost $50.
Thaddeus Lowe and Jack LaMountain’s Hot Air Balloons allowed Union
forces to observe Confederate
positions.
Other inventions included Ironclad ships, landmines, and the “coffee mill” gun (very
similar to a machine gun.)
Technology:
Abraham Lincoln: In his first Inaugural
Address, Lincoln argued that the purpose of the
United States Constitution was “to form a more
perfect Union.” He asked, even if the Constitution was a simple contract,
would it not require the agreement of all parties to rescind it? (do away with
it?)
•Dedicated•Intelligent
•Skillful•Humanitarian
Familiar with Land:
Most Civil War battles were fought in the SouthProviding an advantage for the Confederacy.
Experienced Military
Leaders:• Robert E. Lee• Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson
• Albert Johnston• Joseph Johnston
Lee
Strong Support:
Defending Land, Homes, Way of Life (slavery)
The Stratford Hall Plantation was built in 1730. This is the birthplace
of Robert E. Lee.
Being a soldier:Most of the men in the South were used to being outside, riding horses, shooting guns. Unlike the Northerners, many of whom were “city boys.”
JeffersonDavis:
•Strong leader•West Point graduate•Experienced soldier•Very interested in the War Department
Why the Civil War would be difficult for the North
to win?• They had to invade and hold the
South• Public opinion of the war was divided
in the North• Many people in the North believed
the South was willing to fight harder to keep their way of life; slavery
• Most of the military academies were in the South-hard to find “good” soldiers
Why the Civil War would be difficult for the South
to win?• Smaller population of people to fight• Hard to get manufactured goods
and food in the South (for the war effort)
• Hard to transport goods because of the lack of railroad track
• Hard to communicate (lack of RR)• The C.S.A. was brand new…could
they organize quickly?
Civil War: Four Square
1. ) Use your textbook to identify the strategies of the North and the South. Page 515
1. ) Use the biographies to identify important characteristics about Lincoln and Davis
-Born in a log cabin in Kentucky
-His father fought in the American Revolution
Davis was born near the border of Christian county (later named Todd
County), Kentucky
Senator from Mississippi
He served as Secretary of War under Pierce in 1853.
That was followed by time in the Mississippi Senate where
he gave speeches that opposed secession.
On February 9, 1861, the constitutional convention in Montgomery, Alabama named him president of the Confederate States of America.
He was inaugurated on February 18.
- - Born in a log cabin in Kentucky
Abraham Lincoln
His mother died when he was nine and his family moved several times; from
Kentucky, where he was born, to Indiana, and then on to Illinois in his
early 20s.
Several times, Lincoln did his
homework writing with coal on the
back of a shovel.
Lincoln was born February 12, 1809 in the log cabin to the left. It is now in a Museum in
Kentucky.
Many people believe that Lincoln despised slavery because his father made him work so hard as a youth (till the age of 21 you were to
follow your parents orders)
Abraham Lincoln Moved to the Illinois (New Salem and
Springfield)
Springfield HomeSpringfield Home
Lincoln’s New Lincoln’s New Salem HomeSalem Home
Lincoln’s first photoLincoln’s first photo
Abraham Lincoln
- Jobs: He ran ferry boats, served as a rafter and a postmaster
Lincoln was once fined for rafting without a license.
This is when his law interest peeked!
When Abe was 19 he got his first chance to see something of the “outside world.” James
Gentry, the owner of the country store, hired him to
take a flatboat of cargo to New Orleans, then a wealthy city of
some 40,000 people.
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis believed he was the one who signed up Lincoln before
the Black Hawk War.
Many scholars believe that Lincoln, who had been elected an officer by
the men of his militia company, prevented them from killing this unfortunate Native American.
Many militia recruits hoped to kill an Indian in the Black Hawk War. When
a Native American entered their camp, many of Lincoln's men leapt
to their feet, eager to take the opportunity to fulfill their goal. But
Lincoln, who had become the camp's champion wrestler, informed his men that in order to harm the
Indian, they would have to defeat him first.
-Store Clerk: “Honest Abe”
Abraham
Lincoln
When Lincoln’s partner, William Berry, died, it left Lincoln $1,100 in debt . It took him 15 years, but he
paid it all back. One day he noticed he had
overcharged a customer a few pennies. After the store closed, he
hiked six miles to return the change.The widow of a Revolutionary soldier,
was charged $200 for getting her $400 pension. Lincoln sued the pension
agent and won the case for the woman. He didn't charge her for his services and paid her hotel bill and
gave her money to buy a ticket home!
-Self - taught lawyer and a politician
-Wife :Wife :Mary Todd Mary Todd LincolnLincoln
Abraham Lincoln
Abe and Mary had 4 Sons
Only one survived childhood
Abraham Lincoln
Robert LincolnRobert LincolnLived to age 82Lived to age 82
Tad LincolnTad LincolnDied at age 18Died at age 18
Willie LincolnWillie LincolnDied at age 11Died at age 11
Eddie LincolnEddie LincolnDied as a babyDied as a baby
Warm up
Name two strengths and two weaknesses of the North and the South leading into the Civil War.
Answer:
Long marchesNot enough food,
clothing, shelterLittle contact with homeFamilies could be
divided over the warLittle training
The First Battle… Bull Run – North named battles after closest body of water Manassas – South named battles after closest town: (Manassas Junction)
Civilians made the 25 mile trip from Washington, D.C. to Manassas to watch the battle.
This was considered entertainment and many people even had a picnic!
The Confederate battle flag shown here was not used until December of 1861
1st Battle of Bull Run
The NorthLeader: General Irvin
McDowell led 28,000 - 35,000 Union troops to battle
The SouthLeaders: P.G.T.
Beauregard and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson led 32,000 - 34,000 Confederate troops
FYI: The number of soldiers from both sides varies depending on the source.
Battle details:•At first the North charged and pushed the Confederates back•Stonewall Jackson got his nickname (see next slide)•The Southern troops were able to get reinforcements and held strong•The Union troops panicked and fled •The South won
President President Lincoln was Lincoln was
disappointed disappointed with with
McDowell’s McDowell’s performance performance
and put and put George George
McClellan in command of
the Union Army
Why is the 1st Battle of Bull Run so important?
Both sides realized that the other was
very focused on winning the war. They
realized that it would be a
long, difficult, and ugly war.