THE CIVIL WAR BREAKS OUT

USA in 1845

• America wants to Expand – our…

• “Manifest Destiny”

• 1836 – TX wins independence (Alamo)

• 1845 – USA finally ready to annex TX

• Mexico threatened by this – threatens USA

Battle of the Alamo 1836 – TX Independence

The Mexican-American War

• USA thinks Rio Grande River is border

• Mexico thinks Nueces River as border

• US President James K. Polk orders US troops into disputed zone – pick a fight

• Strategy works

War Events• US Conquest of CA – “Bear Flag

Revolt”

• Gen. Taylor invades Mexico• Wins Battle of Buena Vista• Siege of Mexico City – Gen. Scott• Forces Santa Anna to Surrender• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – (1848)

ENDS WAR

Gen. Zachary & Gen. Antonio Lopez Taylor de Santa Anna

So USA Gets Much More Land!!!Good… Right???

• Fuels slavery land debate• Wilmot Proviso – no slavery in lands

won in Mexican-American War (voted down)

• A. Compromise of 1850• B. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

– Bleeding Kansas

• C. Dred Scott Decision

d. JOHN BROWN’S RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY ARSENAL

e. THE ELECTION OF 1860South has No Political Power

ELECTION VOTING

THE SOUTHERN STATES SECEDE – DEC. 20, 1860

Responses to Lincoln’s Inaugural• Montgomery Advertiser: It means

war. Nothing less would satisfy the abolition chief.

• Baltimore Exchange: The measures of Mr. Lincoln mean war.

• Richmond Enquirer: The cool, unimpassioned deliberate language of the fanatic. Sectional war awaits only the signal gun.

• Baltimore Sun: It assumes despotic authority, and intimates the design to exercise that authority to any extent of war and bloodshed. If it means what it says, it is the knell and requiem of the Union, and the death of hope.

• Charleston Mercury: It is our wisest policy to accept it as a declaration of war.

• Stephen Douglas: It is a peace offering rather than a war message.

• NY Tribune: To 20 millions of people it will carry tidings, good or not, as the case may be, that the federal government of the US is still in existence, with a Man at the head of it.

• NY Herald: It would have been almost as instructive if President Lincoln had contented himself with telling his audience yesterday a funny story and letting them go. It was not a crude performance, for it abounds with traits of craft and cunning.

BEFORE THE ATTACK South Carolina (SC)

Secedes From the Union, December 20, 1860.

GA, FL, AL, MS, TX, TN, AR, NC, VA, and LA also secede.

(11 States) Confederate States of America created

THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

CONFEDERATE PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS

THE BATTLE OF FT.

SUMTERApril 12, 1861

FT. SUMTER, SOUTH FT. SUMTER, SOUTH CAROLINACAROLINA

FT. SUMTER FT. SUMTER

• Union held FortUnion held Fort

• South gives South gives evacuation evacuation deadlinedeadline

• South Fires on FortSouth Fires on Fort

• Opens Civil WarOpens Civil War

DEMAND TO EVACUATEDEMAND TO EVACUATE Confederate Brigadier General PGT Beauregard (left) Confederate Brigadier General PGT Beauregard (left)

demands Union Major Robert Anderson surrender demands Union Major Robert Anderson surrender and leave Ft. Sumter Peacefully.and leave Ft. Sumter Peacefully.

Anderson refuses despite knowing that low supplies Anderson refuses despite knowing that low supplies will force him out in a few days anyways.will force him out in a few days anyways.

Lincoln devised a plan to resupply Fort in hopes that Lincoln devised a plan to resupply Fort in hopes that Confederates would attack first and unite support Confederates would attack first and unite support for the Union.for the Union.

APRIL 12, 1861 – 4.30 a.m.

• Beauregard’s Deadline to leave Ft. Sumter passes

• Confederate cannons open fire on Ft. Sumter beginning the Civil War

THE FIRST SHOTTHE FIRST SHOT Edmund Ruffin Edmund Ruffin

claimed to have claimed to have fired the first shot fired the first shot (VA Secessionist)(VA Secessionist)

Confederate Confederate Cannons from Ft. Cannons from Ft. Johnson and Ft. Johnson and Ft. Moultrie fireMoultrie fire

Major Anderson Major Anderson fires back at 7 a.m.fires back at 7 a.m.

CONFEDERATE CONFEDERATE BOMBARDMENTBOMBARDMENT

Over 70 Confederate Over 70 Confederate Guns fire in AttackGuns fire in Attack

4,000 rounds fired4,000 rounds fired

600 direct hits on 600 direct hits on FortFort

Bombardment lasts Bombardment lasts 34 hours. 34 hours.

DAMAGE TO THE FORT

Fort Sustains Heavy Damage

No human casualties however (One Confederate Horse Died)

ANDERSON SURRENDERSANDERSON SURRENDERS

2:30 p.m., April 132:30 p.m., April 13thth, , 18611861

Confederates Take Confederates Take Control of the FortControl of the Fort

ANDERSON’S SURRENDER TELEGRAM

• "S.S. Baltic. Off Sandy Hook Apr. Eighteenth. ten thirty a.m. . Via New York. . Hon.s. Cameron. Secy. War. Washn. Having defended Fort Sumter for thirty four hours until the quarters were entirely burned the main gates destroyed by fire. The gorge walls seriously injured. The magazine surrounded by flames and its door closed from the effects of heat. Four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available and no provisions remaining but pork. I accepted terms of evacuation offered by General Beauregard being on same offered by him on the eleventh inst. Prior to the commencement of hostilities and marched out of the Fort Sunday afternoon the fourteenth inst. With colors flying and drums beating. Bringing away company and private property and saluting my flag with fifty guns. Robert Anderson. Major first Artillery. Commanding."

WITNESS TO THE SURRENDER(Owen Fawcett Diary)

"Fort Sumter taken by the Confederate States"

ATTACK UNITES UNION

North Previously Divided on Going to War

Ft. Sumter Surrender Unites the Union Behind President Lincoln for War

FT. SUMTER NATIONAL PARK

WORKS CITED• McPherson, James M. The Atlas of the Civil War. New York: Macmillan, 1994.

» Excellent book detailing every battle of the Civil War. Great battle summaries.

• http://cps.k12.mi.us/fort.htm» Site about the first shot fired on Ft. Sumter.

• http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/sumter.htm» Site on the Battle of Ft. Sumter. Has eyewitness accounts of

reactions, events, and commands.• http://www.civilwar.si.edu/slavery_ruffin.html

» Site about Edmund Ruffin and if he fired the first shot at Ft. Sumter.

• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lib.utk.edu/spcoll/photographs/april_13_1861_lg.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lib.utk.edu/spcoll/online/Fawcett_Web_Exhibit.html&h=785&w=952&sz=161&tbnid=LBnlvbFTNDxPyM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=147&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dft.%2Bsumter%2Bdiary%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

» Site containing Owen Fawcett Diary.• http://www.us-civilwar.com/sumter.htm

» Site with a detailed explanation of the battle, including Lincoln’s plan to get the Confederates to fire the first shot.