The Civil WarThe Civil WarA Country DividedA Country Divided

Life in the NorthLife in the North

Based on industryBased on industry Factories and shippingFactories and shipping Few family farms (small, not for cash)Few family farms (small, not for cash)

No need for slavesNo need for slaves On the issue of slaveryOn the issue of slavery

Slavery was illegal in the North by the 1800sSlavery was illegal in the North by the 1800s Many Many abolitionists abolitionists in the Northin the North

Gave speeches, wrote newspapers and booksGave speeches, wrote newspapers and books Overall, tolerated slavery in the South, but did not want Overall, tolerated slavery in the South, but did not want

newly added states to allow slaverynewly added states to allow slavery Discriminated against African AmericansDiscriminated against African Americans

Not allowed to vote Not allowed to vote sent to unequal schoolssent to unequal schools not allowed to own propertynot allowed to own property

Life in the SouthLife in the South Many southern plantationsMany southern plantations

A few wealthy plantation A few wealthy plantation owners owned most of the owners owned most of the slaves in the Southslaves in the South

Few average families Few average families owned 1 or 2 slavesowned 1 or 2 slaves

Yet southerners supported the Yet southerners supported the idea of slaveryidea of slavery

Cotton ginCotton gin Invented by Eli WhitneyInvented by Eli Whitney Invention that took seeds out of Invention that took seeds out of

cottoncotton Now cotton could be cleaned Now cotton could be cleaned

much fastermuch faster Cotton became a popular fabricCotton became a popular fabric Higher demand for cotton Higher demand for cotton

meant higher demand for meant higher demand for slavesslaves

cotton gin animationcotton gin animation

Abolitionists Abolitionists AbolitionistsAbolitionists

Harriet Tubman and Harriet Tubman and the Underground the Underground RailroadRailroad

The Moses of her The Moses of her peoplepeople

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass One of the greatest One of the greatest

speakersspeakers Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth

Former slave, Former slave, abolitionist, abolitionist, preacher, and preacher, and women’s advocatewomen’s advocate

Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil War

As territories As territories become states, become states, Congress fights Congress fights over the slavery over the slavery issueissue

Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise Maine is made a Maine is made a

free state, Missouri free state, Missouri made a slave statemade a slave state

Number of free and Number of free and slave states slave states remains equalremains equal

Causes of the Civil War, Causes of the Civil War, con’t.con’t.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 California is admitted California is admitted

as a free stateas a free state In exchange, the In exchange, the

southern states southern states demand that the demand that the Fugitive Slave Act is Fugitive Slave Act is enforcedenforced

Runaway slaves must Runaway slaves must be returned to South be returned to South

Causes of the Civil War, Causes of the Civil War, con’t.con’t.

Kansas-Nebraska Kansas-Nebraska ActAct Newly added states Newly added states

would get to decide would get to decide for themselves if for themselves if they would become they would become a free or slave state a free or slave state (not Congress)(not Congress)

Called popular Called popular soveigntysoveignty

Abraham Lincoln ElectedAbraham Lincoln Elected

South feared South feared Lincoln would try to Lincoln would try to end slavery in the end slavery in the U.S.U.S. Even though he had Even though he had

promised not topromised not to Lincoln did say he Lincoln did say he

did not want any did not want any new states to allow new states to allow slaveryslavery

The Reaction to LincolnThe Reaction to Lincoln

South Carolina South Carolina secedes from the secedes from the UnionUnion

10 other states follow10 other states follow Form the Form the

Confederate States Confederate States of America of America A.K.A. A.K.A. ConfederacyConfederacy North called them the North called them the

South, RebelsSouth, Rebels

The ConfederacyThe Confederacy The Confederates are seen The Confederates are seen

by the Union (U.S.) as by the Union (U.S.) as rebels, traitorsrebels, traitors Just as the Americans Just as the Americans

were seen by the British were seen by the British when they declared when they declared independenceindependence

Acted as an independent Acted as an independent countrycountry Own currency (money)Own currency (money) FlagFlag Jefferson Davis as Jefferson Davis as

presidentpresident constitutionconstitution

The Civil War BeginsThe Civil War Begins Fort Sumter is held by Fort Sumter is held by

U.S. troops, but is in U.S. troops, but is in Confederate territoryConfederate territory

Shots are fired, the war Shots are fired, the war beginsbegins U.S. troops are forced to U.S. troops are forced to

surrender the fortsurrender the fort President Lincoln fights President Lincoln fights

with one purpose in with one purpose in mindmind To reunite the countryTo reunite the country

Border StatesBorder States Slave states that Slave states that

remained with remained with the Unionthe Union DelawareDelaware MarylandMaryland West VirginiaWest Virginia KentuckyKentucky MissouriMissouri

GeneralsGenerals

Union – General Union – General Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant Proved himself worthy during the Proved himself worthy during the

warwar Promoted to General-in-Chief in Promoted to General-in-Chief in

18641864 Confederacy – Confederacy – Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

From Virginia (a southern state)From Virginia (a southern state) Was a loyal AmericanWas a loyal American Chose to fight alongside Chose to fight alongside

Confederates because he did not Confederates because he did not want to fight against his family and want to fight against his family and friends in Virginiafriends in Virginia

Advantages for the UnionAdvantages for the Union

Factories to make Factories to make weaponsweapons

More railroadsMore railroads More people (to More people (to

become soldiers)become soldiers) More money from More money from

taxestaxes

Advantages for the SouthAdvantages for the South

Many good Many good generals generals

Many brave Many brave soldierssoldiers

Dedicated to Dedicated to freedomfreedom

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation Issued by Lincoln about Issued by Lincoln about

halfway through the warhalfway through the war Stated that all southern slaves Stated that all southern slaves

were freewere free African Americans were now African Americans were now

accepted into the Union accepted into the Union militarymilitary

Changed the reason for Changed the reason for fighting the warfighting the war From reuniting the Union to From reuniting the Union to

ending slaveryending slavery This made European This made European

countries allies of the Unioncountries allies of the Union

Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg Located at border of Pennsylvania and Located at border of Pennsylvania and

MarylandMaryland 3 day battle in 18633 day battle in 1863 North and South accidentally collidedNorth and South accidentally collided North wins – turning point of the warNorth wins – turning point of the war 33rdrd day: Pickett’s Charge day: Pickett’s Charge

South charged Union lines, but each row of men was South charged Union lines, but each row of men was shot downshot down

10,000 dead in 50 minutes10,000 dead in 50 minutes Town of Gettysburg had population of 2,400 Town of Gettysburg had population of 2,400

– after battle there were 51,000 casualties– after battle there were 51,000 casualties 172,000 men fought172,000 men fought 634 cannons over 25 sq. miles634 cannons over 25 sq. miles 569 tons of ammo used569 tons of ammo used 5,000 dead horses5,000 dead horses

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

Lincoln comes to Lincoln comes to GettysburgGettysburg Dedicates the Dedicates the

battlefield to those battlefield to those who died in battlewho died in battle

Encourages country Encourages country to keep fighting the to keep fighting the warwar

The Civil War EndsThe Civil War Ends South surrenders in 1865 at Appomattox South surrenders in 1865 at Appomattox

Courthouse Courthouse President Lincoln is shot 5 days later President Lincoln is shot 5 days later

By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s TheaterBy John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater 1313thth, 14, 14thth, and 15, and 15thth Amendments Amendments

are soon added to the Constitutionare soon added to the Constitution 13th 13th ends slaveryends slavery 1414thth gives citizenship to all born in the gives citizenship to all born in the

USUS 1515thth gives right to vote to all adult gives right to vote to all adult

menmen Jim Crow Jim Crow laws and laws and Black Codes Black Codes keep keep

inequality of blacks in the Southinequality of blacks in the South policy of segregation and separationpolicy of segregation and separation

ReviewReview

What caused the Civil War?What caused the Civil War? How did the Civil War end?How did the Civil War end? How would the U.S. be different if the How would the U.S. be different if the

South had won the war?South had won the war?