The Civil War

1861-1865

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• 1852• Harriet Beecher Stowe• Stowe hoped for a quick, peaceful end to

slavery– Instead it divided Northerners and Southerners

even more• Can you think of another example we have

seen that proves sometimes, “the pen is mightier than the sword”?

Reviewing Causes

• Crisis of 1850 (1850)• Fugitive Slave Law (1850)• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)• “Bleeding Kansas” (1855)• Dred Scott Decision (1857)• Harper’s Ferry/John Brown (1857)• Uncle Tom’s Cabin published (1852)

How did each of these events help cause the Civil War? Which would be classified as 1) political, 2) legal, 3) violent, or 4) social

Political precursors Legal precursors Violent precursors Social precursors

Crisis of 1850 Fugitive Slave Law Bleeding Kansas Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision John Brown’s raid Abolitionism

On a side note…

• During this period, the Republican Party is created

• 1854- A group of “free soilers” and activists unite to take a stand against slavery

Final cause:Election of

1860

Lincoln Wins!

• He didn’t get a single Southern delegate vote• Lincoln’s name didn’t even appear on the ballot in

many Southern states• South is furious

• Fear of having a Republican in office

Underlying Causes of Secession

• On December 20, 1860, the South will declare that they secede [break off from] the Union.

Why did the South secede?

Primary Source

• Skim to find the ONE underlying cause• Find 2 quotes that prove the underlying cause

of secession.

Secession!: Fort Sumter, SC Dec. 20, 1860

February 4, 1861

Seven states seceded by this date:• South Carolina• Mississippi• Florida• Alabama• Georgia• Louisiana• Texas

The Confederate States of America

President: Jefferson Davis

Two months later

• Virginia• Arkansas• North Carolina• Tennessee• But 4 slave states remained in the Union: • Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.

"A house divided against itself cannot stand.”-Abraham Lincoln, June

16, 1858

April 12, 1861

• Southern forces open fire on Fort Sumter• “There is no more thought of bribing or

coaxing the traitors who have dared to aim their cannon balls at the flag of the Union.”

• Civil War had begun

The Sides• The Union– The North– Primarily free states – but 4 border (slave) states too

• The Confederacy– The South– All slave states

The Deadliest War in U.S. History

• 700,000 died

Why?

• Guns more effective• Bullets more lethal• Shrapnel, booby traps &

land mines• Outdated military

strategies• Disease & lack of

sanitation

Advantages of the North & South

Men present for duty in the Civil War

Advantages of the North• 71% of the U.S. population• Factories• Railroads

Advantages of the South• Military Strategy (defense)• Leadership

Military Strategy of South

• War of Attrition

Military Strategy of the North

• Anaconda Plan• Capture

Richmond, Confederate capitol

The Progress of the War

Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863

Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation

• Declared slaves in the Confederacy free• Did not cover slaves in the border states• Did free 20,000 slaves• Did lay the groundwork for eventual freeing of

slaves

Why did it happen?

• Personal beliefs of Lincoln’s• To undermine the Confederacy from within• To have former slaves on side of Union• To prevent Europe from intervening

Crash Course Clip

Battles

• Read about the key Civil War Battles• Fill out your sheet• Once you’ve entered all the information,

please create a timeline

African-American Soldiers

• About 200,000 served in the North’s military

• 3/5 of all black troops were former slaves

The 54th Regiment

African-Americans in Civil War Battles

African-Americans Freeing Slaves

Gettysburg

Gettysburg

• Turning point• Nearly 25,000 Confederate soldiers were

killed, wounded or missing• After Gettysburg, Lee was never able to mount

another major offensive

• Note the main points of the Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg AddressFour score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth

on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

• But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate...we can not consecrate...we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government: of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

The Progress of the War

Surrender at Appomattox– The next day, in a final message to

his troops, Robert E. Lee acknowledged that he was "compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.“

– Surrender = April 9, 1865

Lincoln’s Assassination• April 14, 1865

The Assassin

• John Wilkes Booth• Part of a larger conspiracy

intended to rally the remaining Confederate troops to continue fighting

The Assassination

Results of the War

• The Civil War proved to be the costliest war ever fought on American soil

• 700,000 of 2.4 million soldiers killed– Millions more injured– Deadlier than Revolutionary War, WWI, WWII and

Vietnam - combined

Results of the War

• South lost ¼ of its white male population of military age• South lost ½ its farm machinery, and $2.5 billion in slave

labor• Factories and railroads had been destroyed and Southern

cities largely burned to the ground

Test

• Multiple Choice – About 10 Qs– 1 point each

• 2 Chart “Essays”– Fill in bullet points on chart– Each worth 10 points

Battle of Antietam

• What happened?

Battle of Antietam

• Lee tried to win in the North to get European support

• North won, but failed to follow that up• “Bloodiest Single Day of the War”– 23,000 casualties