The Civil Rights Movement

G/E

1940’s N.A.A.C.P focuses on legal cases/court

system (Thurgood Marshall) C.O.R.E (Congress of Racial Equality)-non-

violence started 1942 Jackie Robinson 1947 Desegregation of armed forces 1948

Emmett Till

1955: 14 years old from Chicago Accused of whistling at a white store owner’s wife

while visiting grandfather in Mississippi Taken from bed and beaten, eyes gouged out, and

drown him by tying a cotton gin fan around his neck

Rosa Parks Refused to give up

her seat for a white passenger and was arrested

Led to a boycott of the buses for almost a year

Boycott: do not use the goods or services

Martin Luther King Jr. 26 yrs old during

Montgomery Bus Boycott

1st President of Southern Christian leadership Conference (SCLC)

March on Washington August 1963

-200,000 people -I Have a Dream Speech

Little Rock Nine 1957 9 high school

students are stopped form attending a desegregated high school in Arkansas

Governor calls out National Guard

President Eisenhower calls out US Army

Who has higher power?

1950’s 1954: Brown v. Board 1955: Emmitt Till 1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott 1957: S.C.L.C formed led by M.L.K 1957: Little Rock Nine

Segregation 2 Types:-DeJure Segregation: by law (Jim Crow

Laws)-DeFacto Segregation: done by practice or

custom-not by law

Do you think you could practice non-violence?

What if someone was using violence against you?

Questions:

SNCC Student Nonviolent

Coordinating Committee: started in North Carolina and then spread

-college students of different races

Woolworth Sit-In Also participated in

Freedom Rides, March on Washington, etc

Police TacticsDogs

Fire Hoses

Tear Gas

Clubs

Freedom Riders Bus rides that took

students into the South to help desegregate public facilities like train stations, etc.

Many arrested or killed

Birmingham Church Bombing

Sept. 15, 1963: Sunday morning bomb thrown into basement Baptist Church

Tension over registering to vote

Killed four girls Done by KKK Turning point-seen on

color tv in North Not until 2000-two out

of four men serve sentences

Voting Precedents 13th Amendment 1865: abolished slavery 14th Amendment 1868: equal protection

under the law 15th Amendment 1870: can not

discriminate against race (voting men) 19th Amendment 1920 : women get the

right to vote

How do You Prevent African American from Voting?

Literacy Test Make it difficult to

register Poll Tax Grandfather Clause

Voting Voter Education

Project (VEP) 1962-CORE, SNCC Helped encourage

African Americans to register to vote

Freedom Summer: college students mainly from Ohio go to Mississippi to help register voters and teach summer school -reading/math/history

Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, Mike Schwerner

Selma Marches First on March 7,

1965 also known as “Bloody Sunday”

Second on March 9th

The third started on March 23 made it 51 miles

Fighting for voting rights

Desegregating Colleges

University Georgia 1961: Charlayne Hunter & Hamilton Holmes

University Mississippi 1962: James Meredith

Riots erupted Later shot & lived

helping blacks register to vote

University Alabama 1963: Vivian Malone & James Hood•Governor Wallace tries to stop

Malcolm X Became a Black

Muslim in prison Replaced last

name with X defied the sign of slavery by taking your owner’s last name

Believed non-violence useless

Malcolm X Went on pilgrimage to

Mecca Returned and realized

Elijah teachings were wrong and switched to non-violence

Shot 21 times Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights, NY

Killed Feb. 21, 1965 by three members of the Nation of Islam while giving a speech

www.pbs.org

Thomas Hagan Paroled 2010

Black Panthers A movement that

came from the SNCC when Stokely Carmichael separated from the group in late 1960s

Believed nonviolence not working and became a militant group mainly against police brutality

Black Power Salute 1968 Mexico City

Olympics John Carlos and

Tommie Smith do the Power to the People Salute

Stripped of medals only recently returned

Laws that Changed Civil Rights History

Civil Rights Act 1964: -Signed by President

Lyndon B. Johnson-Made Jim Crow laws

illegal-Can not discriminate in

public places, desegregated schools, can not discriminate in jobs, etc.

***Turning Point in the Civil Rights Movement

Laws that Changed Civil Rights History

Voting Rights Act 1965: made poll tax and literacy tests illegal & stated can not discriminate against race when voting

-Only federal employees can register people to vote not community members

24th Amendment: made poll taxes illegal

Should the government be able to tell you who you can be friends with?

Should the government be able to tell you who you can marry?

Questions:

Loving vs. Virginia 1967 Mildred and Richard Loving

went to D.C. to marry since it was illegal in Virginia

Cops raided home and arrested them

Overthrew Racial Integrity Act 1924

Made restricts on interracial marriage illegal

How many of you or your friends can now exist?

Martin Luther King www.pbs.org

April 4, 1968 Killed by James Earl Ray

on balcony hotel

Laws that Changed Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Act 1968: Banned discrimination in housing