The Civil Rights Era HC #1: Challenging Jim Crow - Brown v. Board of Education
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Transcript of The Civil Rights Era HC #1: Challenging Jim Crow - Brown v. Board of Education
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The Civil Rights Era
HC #1:
Challenging Jim Crow -Brown v. Board of Education
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Objective… Summarize the evolution of Jim
Crow and the legal challenge to segregation in public schools
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Background to CR the Movement…
• The Great Migration…
• Double V Campaign…
• E.O. 8802 - Prohibited discrimination in defense industry
• The NAACP…
• Congress for Racial Equality (CORE)…
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HST: Post WWII 1947…
• HST: E.O.9981 - Desegregates the military
• HST: President’s Committee on CR…
- The report: To Secure These Rights To Secure These Rights recommends…
- Ending racial inequality
- Voting rights protection
- Ending segregated housing
- Federal anti-lynching laws
- CRs Div. in Justice Dept.
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Symbolic firsts…• Jackie Robinson
– 1947 broke the color barrier in major league baseball
– Rookie of the Year
• Ralph Bunche– Wins the Nobel Peace Prize for peace policies
in Middle East
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N.A.A.C.P.National Assoc. for the Advancement
of Colored People (1909)
The oldest & most influential civil rights organization in the US.
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The early goals of the NAACP were to advance the interest of colored
citizens by… Using the court system to…
- Ending racial prejudice
- Promoting equal rights
- Gaining the right to vote
- Gaining equal access to education & employment
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C.O.R.E.COngress for Racial Equality
• Founded in 1942 – James Farmer
• Goal: Promote better race relations & end racial discrimination in the US
• Tactics: Non-violent civil disobedience
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What are Jim Crow Laws?
Laws supporting segregation in schools, parks, public buildings, hospitals, transportation , movie
theaters & cemeteries
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Plessy v. Ferguson– In 1892 Homer Plessy is arrested for sitting
in the “For Whites Only” section of a railroad car.
– In 1896 the Supreme Court decides that “Separate, but equal is equal”
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Brown v.
Board of Ed.
Argued 1952 – Reargued 1953
Decided 1954
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Brown v. Board of Ed.
• Linda Brown lives 3 blocks from a white school… Travels 21 blocks to a black school
• Denied registration at the white school• “Brown”1 of 5 cases challenging segregation
Linda &Terry Brown walking to
school
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Protesting the issue…
Thurgood Marshall
- Argued cases for the NAACP
- Becomes the first AA appointed to the Supreme Court
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Chief Justice Earl Warren
“We conclude that in the field of
public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no
place.”
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The Second Brown ruling (1955)…
• Assigned responsibility for desegregation to local school boards
• Desegregation must proceed “with all deliberate speed”
The Brown case did not resolve the issue…
In 1956 700 of 10,000 schools were in compliance.
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The significance of Brown…The Brown case demonstrates that the
courts can be used as an effective weapon against discrimination.
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The southern reaction…• Private all white academies created• The Southern Manifesto – 101 congressmen
urged states not to comply
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DDE’s view of the Brown decision…
• Privately opposed the decision…
“I don’t believe you can change the hearts of men with laws or decisions”- DDE