The Chinese and Japanese Response to Industrialization

Readings: Smith, et al., 802-810, 841-849, 868-887

China

English want to sell goods to China

China Emperors have no interest in buying anything from Europe.

Emperor wrote letter to English king in which he says that Chinese produced everything of value.

Jesuits and others brought clocks and mechanical toys to China.

Father Mateo Ricci was in charge of missionary duties in China

Chinoiserie• Europeans wanted:

• Porcelain• Wallpaper• Chinese art• Chinese deer• Tea

Chinoiserie

India Began decline under

Aurangzeb (1659) British, French and

Portugal all establish colonies

British East India Company gains control

British win over Muslims in 1858

India (continued) British destroy

India’s cotton industry

Had been best cotton producers

Sold opium to Chinese and grew it in India

China, Britain and India Opium Wars

• British use steamships with cannons.

• They take the ships up the Chinese rivers

• They threaten the Chinese interior

• Treaty of Nanjing• Dismantled Chinese

tributary states.• Created “Treaty ports”

where Europeans could trade

China Increasingly Unstable The Taiping Rebellion went on

from 1850-1864 The Self-Strengthening

Movement went on from 1860-1895

1885 France takes over Vietnam

Japan forces Chinese to grant independence to Korea and took control of Taiwan and Liaodong Peninsula

1898-Foreign powers divide China into spheres of influence

The HUNDRED DAYS Reform also took place.

Boxer Rebellion took place in 1899.

Taiping Revolution

French colonies

Results Took control of China

in 1911. He proclaimed

Chinese Republic in 1912.

Government was very weak and warlords gained control throughout the country.

Japan

Japan was feudal and was ruled by shoguns in reality.

By 19th century, Japan was in very bad shape• The Economy was

stagnating• There were many

revolts going on.

Japan In 1853, Matthew Perry

arrives in Tokyo Bay with the message, “Trade with us or we’ll kill you!”

The boy emperor Mutsuhito takes power. His rule is known as Meiji (“Enlightened Rule”)

Japan’s Desires Japan wants to become an Imperial

Power.• To do this, Japan invests heavily in weapons

and ships.• Japan’s Army modeled on Germany• Japanese Navy modeled on Britain.