The Chemistry of Life REVIEW
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Transcript of The Chemistry of Life REVIEW
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The Chemistry of Life REVIEW
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Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are
known as �• isotopes
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Strong forces bind protons and
neutrons together to form
the �• nucleus
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Van der Waals forces are (stronger
or weaker) than chemical bonds.
•Weaker
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What kind of bonding does the diagram
depict?
• Ionic bonding
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There are ____ electrons being shared between the Carbon
atoms. This is referred to as a ____ covalent bond.
• Six, triple
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A ______ is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or
more elements in definite proportions.
compound
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The atomic structure of a
water molecule is useful in
demonstrating what kinds of
bonds? • Covalent bonds
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How many neutrons does the diagram of
this atom show?• four
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OH¯ is a(n) ____ as signified by the
negative charge.
• ion or anion
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A molecule in which the charges are unevenly
distributed is called a(n) _______ molecule.polar
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What kind of electron is in
the last shell or energy level of
an atom?
• valence
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In a water molecule, the ______ end is
slightly positive while
the ______ end is slightly
negative.
hydrogen, oxygen
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Because the number of positive ions is equal to the number of
negative hydroxide ions produced, water is _______.neutral
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Water droplets on pine needles are good demonstration of _________ in that they are
different substances.
adhesion
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Salt and Water make a solution as Dirt and
Water make a _______.suspension
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As demonstrated by the picture, oil is known to be _________ in that it repels,
or hates, water.
Hydrophobic
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Study the two beakers of solution.
Beaker B has (more, less or the same) amount of
solute and has (more, less or the same) amount of solvent than the
beaker A. same, more
A B
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What property of water enables
this large tarantula to stay on the
surface?• cohesion
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What does pH measure?
(hint: think about what pH is an abbreviation
for)the concentration of H+ ions in solution.
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A(n) ______ is a compound that produces hydroxide
ions (OH¯) in solution while a(n) _______ forms H+ ions
in solution.
base, acid
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The particles in a (solution or suspension) can be filtered out while the
particles in a (solution or suspension) can not.
suspension, solution
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Vinegar is to a(n) (acid or base) as ammonia is to a(n) (acid or base).
Acid, base.Acetic acid is the main component in vinegar.
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The strong acid hydrogen fluoride (HF) can be
dissolved in pure water. Will the pH of the solution be greater or less than 7.0
and why?Less than 7.0 because water is already neutral and it will now be a weak acid.
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Organic chemistry is the study of
all compounds that contain
bonds between
______ atoms.carbon
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Structural support provided by what macromolecule
includes membranes, hair and nails?
proteins
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Macromolecules are formed by a process known as
__________.polymerization
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What compounds consist of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio?
• Carbohydrates
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Amino Acids are bonded together by ________ bonds.peptide
aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6
Amino Acids (aa)
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What macromolecule does the diagram
depict?
starch or carbohydrate
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Galactose, fructose and glucose are all examples of ________ in that they are
single sugar molecules.monosaccharides
Galactose is a component of milk!
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What is the polymer of the following
monomer?
Nucleic Acid
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What is the metabolic process by which the ‘breaking down’ of complex molecules
occurs?Catabolism
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Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in ______ that provides strength.
plants
glucoseglucose
glucoseglucose
glucoseglucose
glucoseglucose
cellulose
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Lipid A is a _____ fatty acid because it does not have double bonds.
• saturated
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A
B
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What kind of macromolecule is
chitin?
carbohydrate
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Which macromolecule
‘stores the most energy’?
lipids
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Hemoglobin is the iron-containing
oxygen-transport metalloprotein in
the red blood cells of vertebrates. What
kind of protein structure does it
demonstrate?• Quarternary or 4°
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Lipids such as olive oil, which
contains ________ fatty
acids, tend to be liquid at room temperature.
unsaturated
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Carboydrates:Starch is to Polymer as ______ is to Monomer.Glucose
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Examples of foods containing a high proportion of __________
_________ include cream, cheese, butter, and ghee; suet,
tallow, and lard.Saturated fat
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Did you know??? People make sculptures made of butter.. Check it out!
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The following monomer is referred
to as -An amino acid
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In the amino acid diagram, the red circle is the _____ group while the
blue circle is the ______ group.
amino,
carboxyl
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In protein structure, what two levels are missing below in order following the
Primary structure?
Secondary and tertiary
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________?_____
_______?_____
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When the level of glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is
released from your liver. It is referred to as an animal starch.
This would make it a __________ in that it is made of many sugar
units.
polysaccharide
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Proteins: The bottom secondary structure is an alpha helix while the top
structure is a _______ _______ _______.Beta pleated sheet
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What monomers make up a nucleic acid?
nucleotides
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__________ = MonomerProtein = Polymer
Complete the analogy.
Amino Acid
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The elements or compounds that enter
into a chemical reaction are known as -
reactants
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H₂CO₃ → CO₂ + H₂O
Products
Reactants
?
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Lipid molecules are made of ______ ______ and ______.
• Fatty acids and glycerol
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In the following reaction, is energy being absorbed or
released?
absorbed
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Endothermic reaction= absorbs energyExothermic reaction: releases energy
Exothermic
What kind of reaction would you classify this as?
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A catalyst changes the rate at which a reaction occurs by
increasing it. Therefore, does the catalyst (decrease or increase) the
reaction’s activation energy?
Decrease
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A is the _____ while B is the _____.
A is the substrate B is the enzyme
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A
B
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The substrate attaches to the enzyme at the ______ site.active
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What three factors can change the productivity, or
how well it works, of an enzyme?• pH, temperature, and salinity
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The following protein has been ________ in that it has unwound or the
coils have come undone.
denatured
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TIE-BREAKER
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What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to
fructose and glucose.
Sucrase