The Chemistry of Acids and Bases. Acids and Bases: Characteristics At the conclusion of our time...
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Transcript of The Chemistry of Acids and Bases. Acids and Bases: Characteristics At the conclusion of our time...
![Page 1: The Chemistry of Acids and Bases. Acids and Bases: Characteristics At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Give examples of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b86cba/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Acids and Bases: Acids and Bases: CharacteristicsCharacteristics
At the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
1. Give examples of acids and bases2. List some properties of acids and bases3. Compare and contrast the
characteristics of acids and bases
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Hopefully, when we get done, you won’t be Hopefully, when we get done, you won’t be in this much trouble!!in this much trouble!!
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Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gasReact with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas..
React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide gascarbon dioxide gas
Have a bitter taste.Have a bitter taste.
Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.
Bases
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Kid’s Letters Kid’s Letters to God:to God:
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Produce HProduce H++ (as H (as H33OO++) ions in water (the ) ions in water (the
hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a
water molecule)water molecule)
Taste sour, Corrode metals, ElectrolytesTaste sour, Corrode metals, Electrolytes
React with bases to form a salt and waterReact with bases to form a salt and water
pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red
“Blue to Red A-CID”“Blue to Red A-CID”
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Produce OHProduce OH-- ions in water ions in water
Taste bitter, chalky, are electrolytesTaste bitter, chalky, are electrolytes
Feel soapy, slipperyFeel soapy, slippery
React with acids to form salts and waterReact with acids to form salts and water
pH greater than 7pH greater than 7
Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”
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How Are a Texas Tornado And a How Are a Texas Tornado And a Tennessee Divorce The Same?Tennessee Divorce The Same?
Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.
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Acids and Bases: Acids and Bases: CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Let’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
1. Give examples of acids and bases2. List some properties of acids and bases3. Compare and contrast the
characteristics of acids and bases
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Get Your Clicker!!!
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Which of the following is not a Which of the following is not a characteristic of an acid?characteristic of an acid?
1.1. Tastes sourTastes sour
2.2. pH is lower than 7pH is lower than 7
3.3. Reacts with a base to Reacts with a base to form salt and waterform salt and water
4.4. Turns litmus paper blueTurns litmus paper blue
5.5. Produces H+ ions in Produces H+ ions in waterwater
6.6. All answers are correctAll answers are correct
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Which of the following is not a Which of the following is not a characteristic of a base?characteristic of a base?
1.1. Tastes bitterTastes bitter
2.2. pH is higher than 7pH is higher than 7
3.3. Reacts with an acid to Reacts with an acid to form salt and waterform salt and water
4.4. Turns litmus paper blueTurns litmus paper blue
5.5. Produces OH- ions in Produces OH- ions in waterwater
6.6. All answers are correctAll answers are correct
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Acids and Bases: NamingAcids and Bases: NamingAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or
ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system
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Naming AcidsNaming Acids
Binary Acids:Binary Acids: Contain “H” and one other elementContain “H” and one other element
To Name:To Name:Hydro + second element name + ic + acidHydro + second element name + ic + acid
Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acidEx: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acidHydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
HF = HF = Hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric acid
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Prefix
Hydro-
Stem or root of nonmetal
< NM >
Suffix
-ic acid
HCl Hydro
HI Hydro
HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal
chlor ic acid
iod ic acid
H2S Hydro sulfur ic acid
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Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)
Ternary Acids (oxyacids):Ternary Acids (oxyacids): Contain “H”, “O” and one more elementContain “H”, “O” and one more element
To Name:To Name:Polyatomic ion “ate” Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid “ic” + acid
Ex:Ex: HNOHNO3 3 == Nitr-ate Nitr-ate ic + acid ic + acidNitric acidNitric acid
HClOHClO3 3 ==
Chloric acidChloric acid An easy way to remember which goes with An easy way to remember which goes with
which…which… ““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something ICICky”ky”
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Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has one more oxygen than the root If the acid has one more oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid “ic” + acid
Ex: Ex: HNOHNO44 = Per + Nitr-ate = Per + Nitr-ate ic + acid ic + acid
Pernitric acidPernitric acid
HH22SOSO55 = =
Persulfuric acidPersulfuric acid
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Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has one less oxygen than the root If the acid has one less oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite” Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid “ous” + acid
Ex: Ex: HNOHNO22 = Nitr-ite = Nitr-ite ous + acid ous + acid
Nitrous acidNitrous acid
HH22SOSO33 = =
Sulfurous acidSulfurous acid
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Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)
If the acid has two less oxygens than the root If the acid has two less oxygens than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name: To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid “ous” + acid
Ex: Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite ous + acid ous + acidHyponitrous acidHyponitrous acid
HClO = HClO = Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid
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Anion Ending Acid Name
-ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid
-ate (stem)-ic acid
-ite (stem)-ous acid
No OxygenNo Oxygen
w/Oxygen w/Oxygen
““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something IC ICky”ky”
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h yd ro - p re fix-ic e n d ing
2 e le m e n ts
-a te e nd ingb e co m es-ic e nd ing
-ite e nd ingb e co m es
-o u s e nd ing
n o h yd ro - p re fix
3 e le m e n ts
A C ID Ss ta rt w ith 'H '
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Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
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• HBr HBr (aq)(aq)
• HH22COCO33
• HH22SOSO33
hydrohydrobrombromicic
acidacid
carboncarbonicic acid acid
sulfursulfurousous acid acid
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HI HI (aq)(aq)
HCl HCl (aq)(aq)
HH22SOSO33
HNOHNO33
HClOHClO44
Hydroiodic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfurous acid
Nitric acid
Perchloric acid
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Practicing Naming All AcidsPracticing Naming All Acids
Formula Binary or Ternary
Name
HCl B
HI B
HNO2T
H2SO5T
H3PO2T
H4C B
Hydrochloric acid
Nitrous acid
Persulfuric acid
Hypophosphorous acid
Hydrocarbonic acid
Hydroiodic acid
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Chemical Compound QuizChemical Compound Quiz
Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common
name?
Bleach
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Naming BasesNaming Bases
Name the metal firstName the metal first Add hydroxideAdd hydroxide
Ex:Ex: NaOH = NaOH = Sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide
KOH = KOH =
Potassium hydroxidePotassium hydroxide
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NaOHNaOH sodium hydroxide, lyesodium hydroxide, lye
KOHKOH potassium hydroxide, liquid soappotassium hydroxide, liquid soap
Ba(OH)Ba(OH)22 barium hydroxide, stabilizer for plastics barium hydroxide, stabilizer for plastics
Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22 magnesium hydroxide “MOM” magnesium hydroxide “MOM”
Milk of magnesiaMilk of magnesia
Al(OH)Al(OH)33 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)
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Tell you what, I’ll follow you!!
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Practice Naming BasesPractice Naming Bases
Formula Name
NaOH
Fe(OH)3
Mg(OH)2
Ni(OH)2
NH4OH
Sodium hydroxide
Iron (III) hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Nickel (II) hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
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Acids and Bases: NamingAcids and Bases: NamingLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or
ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system
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Pass the Clicker!!!
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Name HCl.Name HCl.
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??
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Name HClO.Name HClO.
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??
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Name HClOName HClO33..
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??
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Forgetter Be Forgotten?Forgetter Be Forgotten?
My forgetter's getting better,My forgetter's getting better,But my rememberer is brokeBut my rememberer is brokeTo you that may seem funnyTo you that may seem funnyBut, to me, that is no joke.But, to me, that is no joke.
For when I'm 'here' I'm For when I'm 'here' I'm wonderingwondering
If I really should be 'there'If I really should be 'there'And, when I try to think it And, when I try to think it
through,through,I haven't got a prayer!I haven't got a prayer!
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Forgetter Be Forgotten?Forgetter Be Forgotten?
Oft times I walk into a room,Oft times I walk into a room,Say 'what am I here for?'Say 'what am I here for?'
I wrack my brain, but all in I wrack my brain, but all in vain!vain!
A zero, is my score.A zero, is my score.
At times I put something awayAt times I put something awayWhere it is safe, but, Gee!Where it is safe, but, Gee!The person it is safest fromThe person it is safest from
Is, generally, me!Is, generally, me!
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Forgetter Be Forgotten?Forgetter Be Forgotten?
When shopping I may see When shopping I may see someone,someone,
Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Then, when the person walks Then, when the person walks
awayawayI ask myself, 'who the hell was I ask myself, 'who the hell was
that?that?
Yes, my forgetter's getting betterYes, my forgetter's getting betterWhile my rememberer is broke,While my rememberer is broke,And it's driving me plumb crazyAnd it's driving me plumb crazy
And that isn't any joke.And that isn't any joke.
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Name HClOName HClO44..
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??
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Name HClOName HClO22..
1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride
2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid
3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid
4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid
6.6. Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??
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Name HName H22SOSO44
1.1. Hydrogen SulfateHydrogen Sulfate
2.2. Hydrosulfuric acidHydrosulfuric acid
3.3. Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid
4.4. Persulfuric acidPersulfuric acid
5.5. Sulfurous acidSulfurous acid
6.6. Hyposulfurous acidHyposulfurous acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??
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Name HName H33POPO33
1.1. Hydrogen phosphiteHydrogen phosphite
2.2. Hydrophosphic acidHydrophosphic acid
3.3. Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid
4.4. Perphosphic acidPerphosphic acid
5.5. Phosphorous acidPhosphorous acid
6.6. Hypophosphorous acidHypophosphorous acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??
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1.1. Hydrogen NitriteHydrogen Nitrite
2.2. Hydronitric acidHydronitric acid
3.3. Nitric acidNitric acid
4.4. Pernitric acidPernitric acid
5.5. Nitrous acidNitrous acid
6.6. Hyponitrous acidHyponitrous acid
7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!
8.8. Who cares??Who cares??
Name HNO.Name HNO.
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Name Sr(OH)Name Sr(OH)22
1.1. Strontium (II) HydroxideStrontium (II) Hydroxide
2.2. Strontium Oxygen Strontium Oxygen HydrogenHydrogen
3.3. Strontium OxyhydrideStrontium Oxyhydride
4.4. Strontium HydroxideStrontium Hydroxide
5.5. Strontinoic AcidStrontinoic Acid
6.6. Strontium DihydroxideStrontium Dihydroxide
7.7. Not listedNot listed
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Name Fe(OH)Name Fe(OH)33
1.1. Iron (III) HydroxideIron (III) Hydroxide
2.2. Iron HydroxideIron Hydroxide
3.3. Ironic AcidIronic Acid
4.4. Iron (I) HydroxideIron (I) Hydroxide
5.5. Iron OxyhydrideIron Oxyhydride
6.6. Not listedNot listed
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Hittite Innovations:Hittite Innovations:
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