Acids and Bases: Acids and Bases: CharacteristicsCharacteristics

At the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

1. Give examples of acids and bases2. List some properties of acids and bases3. Compare and contrast the

characteristics of acids and bases

Hopefully, when we get done, you won’t be Hopefully, when we get done, you won’t be in this much trouble!!in this much trouble!!

Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.

React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gasReact with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas..

React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide gascarbon dioxide gas

Have a bitter taste.Have a bitter taste.

Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.

Bases

Kid’s Letters Kid’s Letters to God:to God:

Produce HProduce H++ (as H (as H33OO++) ions in water (the ) ions in water (the

hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a

water molecule)water molecule)

Taste sour, Corrode metals, ElectrolytesTaste sour, Corrode metals, Electrolytes

React with bases to form a salt and waterReact with bases to form a salt and water

pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red

“Blue to Red A-CID”“Blue to Red A-CID”

Produce OHProduce OH-- ions in water ions in water

Taste bitter, chalky, are electrolytesTaste bitter, chalky, are electrolytes

Feel soapy, slipperyFeel soapy, slippery

React with acids to form salts and waterReact with acids to form salts and water

pH greater than 7pH greater than 7

Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”

How Are a Texas Tornado And a How Are a Texas Tornado And a Tennessee Divorce The Same?Tennessee Divorce The Same?

Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.

Acids and Bases: Acids and Bases: CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Let’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1. Give examples of acids and bases2. List some properties of acids and bases3. Compare and contrast the

characteristics of acids and bases

Get Your Clicker!!!

Which of the following is not a Which of the following is not a characteristic of an acid?characteristic of an acid?

1.1. Tastes sourTastes sour

2.2. pH is lower than 7pH is lower than 7

3.3. Reacts with a base to Reacts with a base to form salt and waterform salt and water

4.4. Turns litmus paper blueTurns litmus paper blue

5.5. Produces H+ ions in Produces H+ ions in waterwater

6.6. All answers are correctAll answers are correct

Which of the following is not a Which of the following is not a characteristic of a base?characteristic of a base?

1.1. Tastes bitterTastes bitter

2.2. pH is higher than 7pH is higher than 7

3.3. Reacts with an acid to Reacts with an acid to form salt and waterform salt and water

4.4. Turns litmus paper blueTurns litmus paper blue

5.5. Produces OH- ions in Produces OH- ions in waterwater

6.6. All answers are correctAll answers are correct

Acids and Bases: TheoriesAcids and Bases: TheoriesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time

together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

1. Explain the 3 different theories for an acid, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis

2. Explain the 3 different theories for a base, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis

3. Identify conjugate acids and bases

Oh, that smarts!!Oh, that smarts!!

Theory #1: Arrhenius (traditional) Theory #1: Arrhenius (traditional)

Acids – produce HAcids – produce H++ ions (or hydronium ions (or hydronium ions Hions H33OO++))

Bases – produce OHBases – produce OH-- ions ions

Simple look for an H at the beginning or Simple look for an H at the beginning or an OH at the end of a compoundan OH at the end of a compound

(problem: some bases don’t have (problem: some bases don’t have hydroxide ions!)hydroxide ions!)

Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H+ (H3O+) in water. Notice the H on the left.

Arrhenius base is a substance that produces OH- in water, but notice there is no OH- on the left!!

AcidAcid

BaseBase

Theory #1: Arrhenius (traditional) Theory #1: Arrhenius (traditional)

Try the practice on your handout.Try the practice on your handout.

1.1. AA

2.2. SS

3.3. AA

4.4. BB

5.5. SS

6.6. BB

Pinned!!!Pinned!!!

Theory #2: Brønsted – LowryTheory #2: Brønsted – Lowry

Acids – proton donorAcids – proton donor

Bases – proton acceptorBases – proton acceptor

A “proton” is really just a A “proton” is really just a hydrogen atom that has lost hydrogen atom that has lost its electron!its electron!

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a proton donorA Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor

acid conjugate base

base conjugate acid

The Brønsted definition means NHThe Brønsted definition means NH33 is a is a

BASEBASE in water — in water —

and water is itself an and water is itself an ACIDACID

BaseAcidAcidBaseNH4

+ + OH-NH3 + H2OBaseAcidAcidBase

NH4+ + OH-NH3 + H2O

Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction:conjugate base in each reaction:

CHCH33OH + NHOH + NH22--   CH   CH33OO++ + NH + NH33 CHCH33OH + NHOH + NH22--   CH   CH33OO++ + NH + NH33

acid conjugate acid

base conjugate base

Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in each reaction:conjugate base in each reaction:

HCN + SOHCN + SO44-2-2   HSO   HSO44

-- + CN + CN-- HCN + SOHCN + SO44-2-2   HSO   HSO44

-- + CN + CN--

acid conjugate base

base conjugate acid

Theory #2: Brønsted – LowryTheory #2: Brønsted – Lowry Try Top TableTry Top Table

1b. OH1b. OH--

2b. H2b. H22OO

3a. HCO3a. HCO33--

4b. NO4b. NO33--

5a. NH5a. NH44++

Theory #2: Brønsted – LowryTheory #2: Brønsted – Lowry Try Bottom TableTry Bottom Table

1b. H1b. H33OO++

2b. HCO2b. HCO33--

3b. H3b. H22COCO33

4a. SO4a. SO442-2-

5b. H5b. H33POPO44

Kid’s Kid’s Letters to Letters to

God:God:

Lewis acid - a substance Lewis acid - a substance that accepts an that accepts an electron pairelectron pair

Lewis base - a Lewis base - a substance that donates substance that donates an electron pairan electron pair

Theory #3 – Lewis Theory #3 – Lewis

Formation of Formation of hydroniumhydronium ion is an excellent ion is an excellent example of the Lewis definition.example of the Lewis definition.

•Electron pair of the new O-H bond originates Electron pair of the new O-H bond originates on the Lewis base.on the Lewis base.

HH

H

BASE

••••••

O—HO—H

H+

ACID

•BHBH3 3 •Lewis AcidLewis Acid

•PBrPBr33

•Lewis BaseLewis Base

Do the Lewis Structures of Both!!

Acids and Bases: TheoriesAcids and Bases: TheoriesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1. Explain the 3 different theories for an acid, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis

2. Explain the 3 different theories for a base, Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis

3. Identify conjugate acids and bases

Pass the Clicker!!!

Which of the following definitions of an Which of the following definitions of an acid includes conjugate acids?acid includes conjugate acids?

1.1. ArrheniusArrhenius

2.2. Bronsted-LowryBronsted-Lowry

3.3. LewisLewis

Which of the following definitions of an Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as a proton donor?acid defines an acid as a proton donor?

1.1. ArrheniusArrhenius

2.2. Bronsted-LowryBronsted-Lowry

3.3. LewisLewis

Which of the following definitions of an Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as accepting an acid defines an acid as accepting an

electron pair?electron pair?

1.1. ArrheniusArrhenius

2.2. Bronsted-LowryBronsted-Lowry

3.3. LewisLewis

Oh my goodness!!!Oh my goodness!!!

Which of the following definitions of an Which of the following definitions of an acid defines an acid as producing acid defines an acid as producing

hydrogen ions?hydrogen ions?

1.1. ArrheniusArrhenius

2.2. Bronsted-LowryBronsted-Lowry

3.3. LewisLewis

Identify the conjugate base in the Identify the conjugate base in the following equation.following equation.

1.1. NHNH33

2.2. HH22OO

3.3. NHNH44++

4.4. OH-OH-

Red-Neck Innovations:Red-Neck Innovations:

According to According to Arrhenius Arrhenius theory, Cu(OH)theory, Cu(OH)22 is is

a(n):a(n):

1.1. AcidAcid

2.2. BaseBase

3.3. SaltSalt

According to According to Arrhenius Arrhenius theory,Natheory,Na22SOSO44 is is

a(n): a(n):

1.1. AcidAcid

2.2. BaseBase

3.3. SaltSalt

Using the Bronsted Lowry theory, the Using the Bronsted Lowry theory, the conjugate base of Hconjugate base of H22SOSO44 would be: would be:

1.1. HSOHSO44++

2.2. HH33SOSO44--

3.3. HSOHSO44--

4.4. HH33SOSO44++

HH22O + COO + CO332-2- OH OH-- + HCO + HCO33

According to Bronsted Lowry theory, in the According to Bronsted Lowry theory, in the above reaction, Habove reaction, H22O is a(n)O is a(n)

1.1. AcidAcid

2.2. BaseBase

3.3. Conjugate acidConjugate acid

4.4. Conjugate baseConjugate base

According to Lewis theory,PClAccording to Lewis theory,PCl33 is a(n) is a(n)

1.1. AcidAcid

2.2. BaseBase

3.3. SaltSalt

4.4. Conjugate AcidConjugate Acid

5.5. Conjugate BaseConjugate Base