The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases: NamingAcids and Bases: NamingAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time

together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or

ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

Naming AcidsNaming Acids

Binary Acids:Binary Acids: Contain “H” and one other elementContain “H” and one other element

To Name:To Name:Hydro + second element name + ic + acidHydro + second element name + ic + acid

Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acidEx: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acidHydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid

HI = HI = Hydroiodic acid Hydroiodic acid

Prefix

Hydro-

Stem or root of nonmetal

< NM >

Suffix

-ic acid

HCl Hydro

HI Hydro

HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal

chlor ic acid

iod ic acid

H2S Hydro sulfur ic acid

Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)

Ternary Acids (oxyacids):Ternary Acids (oxyacids): Contain “H”, “O” and one more elementContain “H”, “O” and one more element

To Name:To Name:Polyatomic ion “ate” Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid “ic” + acid

Ex:Ex: HNOHNO33 == Nitr-ate Nitr-ate ic + acid ic + acidNitric acidNitric acid

HH22SOSO44 ==

Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid An easy way to remember which goes with An easy way to remember which goes with

which…which… ““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something ICICky”ky”


If the acid has one more oxygen than the root If the acid has one more oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid “ic” + acid

Ex: Ex: HNOHNO44 = Per + Nitr-ate = Per + Nitr-ate ic + acid ic + acid

Pernitric acidPernitric acid

HH22SOSO55 = =

Persulfuric acidPersulfuric acid


If the acid has one less oxygen than the root If the acid has one less oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite” Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid “ous” + acid

Ex: Ex: HNOHNO22 = Nitr-ite = Nitr-ite ous + acid ous + acid

Nitrous acidNitrous acid

HH22SOSO33 = =

Sulfurous acidSulfurous acid


If the acid has two less oxygens than the root If the acid has two less oxygens than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid “ous” + acid

Ex: Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite ous + acid ous + acidHyponitrous acidHyponitrous acid

HH22SOSO22 = =

Hyposulfurous acidHyposulfurous acid

Anion Ending Acid Name

-ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid

-ate (stem)-ic acid

-ite (stem)-ous acid

No OxygenNo Oxygen

w/Oxygen w/Oxygen

““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something IC ICky”ky”

h yd ro - p re fix-ic e n d ing

2 e le m e n ts

-a te e nd ingb e co m es-ic e nd ing

-ite e nd ingb e co m es

-o u s e nd ing

n o h yd ro - p re fix

3 e le m e n ts

A C ID Ss ta rt w ith 'H '

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

• HBr HBr (aq)(aq)

• HH22COCO33

• HH22SOSO33

hydrohydrobrombromicic

acidacid

carboncarbonicic acid acid

sulfursulfurousous acid acid

HI HI (aq)(aq)

HCl HCl (aq)(aq)

HH22SOSO33

HNOHNO33

HClOHClO44

Hydroiodic acid

Hydrochloric acid

Sulfurous acid

Nitric acid

Perchloric acid

Practicing Naming All Acids From HOPracticing Naming All Acids From HO

Formula Binary or Ternary

Name

HCl B

HI B

HNO3T

H2SO4T

H3PO4T

H2CO3T

Hydrochloric acid

Nitric acid

Sulfuric acid

Phosphoric acid

Carbonic acid

Hydroiodic acid

Chemical Compound QuizChemical Compound Quiz

Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common

name?

Bleach

Naming BasesNaming Bases

Name the metal firstName the metal first Add hydroxideAdd hydroxide

Ex:Ex: NaOH = NaOH = Sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide

KOH = KOH =

Potassium hydroxidePotassium hydroxide

NaOHNaOH sodium hydroxide, lyesodium hydroxide, lye

KOHKOH potassium hydroxide, liquid soappotassium hydroxide, liquid soap

Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22 magnesium hydroxide “MOM” magnesium hydroxide “MOM”

Milk of MagnesiaMilk of Magnesia

Al(OH)Al(OH)33 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)

NHNH44OH ammonium hydroxideOH ammonium hydroxide

Tell you what, I’ll follow you!!

Practice Naming BasesPractice Naming Bases

Formula Name

NaOH

Fe(OH)3

Mg(OH)2

Ni(OH)2

NH4OH

Sodium hydroxide

Iron (III) hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Nickel (II) hydroxide

Ammonium hydroxide

Acids and Bases: NamingAcids and Bases: NamingLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or

ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

Pass the Clicker!!!

Name HCl.Name HCl.

1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride

2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid

3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid

4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid

5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid

6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid

7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!

8.8. Who cares??Who cares??1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Name HClO.Name HClO.

Hyd

rogen ch

lor...

Hyd

roch

loric a...

Chloric acid

Perchloric

aci...

Chlorous a

cid

Hyp

ochloru

s ac..

.

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30







Name HClOName HClO33..

Hyd

rogen ch

lor...

Hyd

roch

loric a...

Chloric acid

Perchloric

aci...

Chlorous a

cid

Hyp

ochloru

s ac..

.

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30







Forgetter Be Forgotten?Forgetter Be Forgotten?

My forgetter's getting better,My forgetter's getting better,But my rememberer is brokeBut my rememberer is brokeTo you that may seem funnyTo you that may seem funnyBut, to me, that is no joke.But, to me, that is no joke.

For when I'm 'here' I'm For when I'm 'here' I'm wonderingwondering

If I really should be 'there'If I really should be 'there'And, when I try to think it And, when I try to think it

through,through,I haven't got a prayer!I haven't got a prayer!


Oft times I walk into a room,Oft times I walk into a room,Say 'what am I here for?'Say 'what am I here for?'

I wrack my brain, but all in I wrack my brain, but all in vain!vain!

A zero, is my score.A zero, is my score.

At times I put something awayAt times I put something awayWhere it is safe, but, Gee!Where it is safe, but, Gee!The person it is safest fromThe person it is safest from

Is, generally, me!Is, generally, me!


When shopping I may see When shopping I may see someone,someone,

Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Then, when the person walks Then, when the person walks

awayawayI ask myself, 'who the hell was I ask myself, 'who the hell was

that?that?

Yes, my forgetter's getting betterYes, my forgetter's getting betterWhile my rememberer is broke,While my rememberer is broke,And it's driving me plumb crazyAnd it's driving me plumb crazy

And that isn't any joke.And that isn't any joke.


Hyd

rogen ch

lor...

Hyd

roch

loric a...

Chloric acid

Perchloric

aci...

Chlorous a

cid

Hyp

ochloru

s ac..

.

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30








Hyd

rogen ch

lor...

Hyd

roch

loric a...

Chloric acid

Perchloric

aci...

Chlorous a

cid

Hyp

ochloro

us a...

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30






6.6. Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid

Name HName H22SOSO44

Hyd

rogen Sulfa

...

Hyd

rosu

lfuric

...

Sulfu

ric acid

Persulfu

ric ac..

.

Sulfu

rous a

cid

Hyp

osulfu

rous .

..

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1.1. Hydrogen SulfateHydrogen Sulfate

2.2. Hydrosulfuric acidHydrosulfuric acid

3.3. Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid

4.4. Persulfuric acidPersulfuric acid

5.5. Sulfurous acidSulfurous acid

6.6. Hyposulfurous acidHyposulfurous acid

Name HName H33POPO33

Hyd

rogen phosp

...

Hyd

rophosp

hic ...

Phosphoric

aci...

Perphosp

hic ac..

.

Phosphoro

us ac..

.

Hyp

ophosphoro

u...

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1.1. Hydrogen phosphiteHydrogen phosphite

2.2. Hydrophosphic acidHydrophosphic acid

3.3. Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid

4.4. Perphosphic acidPerphosphic acid

5.5. Phosphorous acidPhosphorous acid

6.6. Hypophosphorous acidHypophosphorous acid

Name HNO.Name HNO.

Hyd

rogen N

itri...

Hyd

ronitr

ic ac..

.

Nitr

ic acid

Pernitr

ic acid

Nitr

ous acid

Hyp

onitrous a

c...

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1.1. Hydrogen NitriteHydrogen Nitrite

2.2. Hydronitric acidHydronitric acid

3.3. Nitric acidNitric acid

4.4. Pernitric acidPernitric acid

5.5. Nitrous acidNitrous acid

6.6. Hyponitrous acidHyponitrous acid

Name Sr(OH)Name Sr(OH)22

Stro

ntium (II)...

Stro

ntium Oxyg

...

Stro

ntium Oxyh

...

Stro

ntium Hydr...

Stro

ntinoic Ac..

.

Stro

ntium Dihy...

Not li

sted

14% 14% 14% 14%14%14%14%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1.1. Strontium (II) HydroxideStrontium (II) Hydroxide

2.2. Strontium Oxygen Strontium Oxygen HydrogenHydrogen

3.3. Strontium OxyhydrideStrontium Oxyhydride

4.4. Strontium HydroxideStrontium Hydroxide

5.5. Strontinoic AcidStrontinoic Acid

6.6. Strontium DihydroxideStrontium Dihydroxide

7.7. Not listedNot listed

Name Fe(OH)Name Fe(OH)33

Iron (II

I) Hyd

...

Iron Hydro

xide

Ironic

Acid

Iron (I)

Hydro...

Iron O

xyhyd

rid...

Not li

sted

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1.1. Iron (III) HydroxideIron (III) Hydroxide

2.2. Iron HydroxideIron Hydroxide

3.3. Ironic AcidIronic Acid

4.4. Iron (I) HydroxideIron (I) Hydroxide

5.5. Iron OxyhydrideIron Oxyhydride

6.6. Not listedNot listed

Red-Neck Innovations:Red-Neck Innovations:

The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

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